‘紫王子’海棠半同胞家系花色特征分析及选优
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摘要
【目的】基于海棠基因库丰富的优良品种资源,初步探寻海棠花色遗传规律,并进行花色优株选评。【方法】对‘紫王子’海棠(Malus‘Purple Prince’)为母本的自由授粉子代半同胞家系进行花色变异分析。采用X-Rite色差计测定了44株子代半同胞家系大蕾期(S_1)、盛开期(S_2)、末花期(S_3)3个阶段的花色,分析了家系间的花色关系及色彩动态变化规律。【结果】S_1—S_3阶段,44株半同胞家系单株花色在3个维度方向(L~*、C~*、h~*)的变化均具有规律性:L~*值(亮度)呈上升趋势,且高亮度单株居多[S_1(45.45%)→S_2(77.27%)→S_3(84.09%)];C~*值呈持续下降趋势;h~*值呈上升趋势,即分布在红色区域的单株权重在开花进程中逐步下降。整个半同胞家系在遗传距离16和13处可分为3大色系(白色系、粉色系、红色系)和6个子色系,其中子代中白色系所占比重最大为68.2%。与疑似父本群体(97份种质)对比,半同胞家系群体花色稳定性更强,花色亮度更优,但色彩饱和度较低。在3大色系中,白色系从高亮度、高饱和性及色彩高稳性角度筛选出1株优株(株系号5033),粉色系从色彩高稳性和高饱和性角度筛选出1株优株(株系号5019),红色系从高亮度、高饱和性和色彩高稳性角度筛选出1株优株(株系号5032),优株花色观赏价值高于资源圃品种。【结论】通过自由授粉,‘紫王子’海棠子代群体的遗传基础被大大扩展,花色稳定性等的育种改良效果明显。
【Objective】In this project,experiments were based on the abundant resources in the crabapple germplasm bank. We obtained seeds through free pollination,then obtained half-sib progenies by sowing. The goal of this study was to explore the genetic law of flower color and select super individual with excellent color.【Method】We analyzed the color variation of half-sib progenies with'Purple Prince'crabapple( Malus'Purple Prince') as their mother. To ensure the data measure was representative,the flower color parameters were recorded on the edge,middle,and base of 44half-sib progeny petals at big budding stage( S1),blooming stage( S2),and end flowering stage( S3). Color was measured using an X-Rite chromatic meter,and the flower color relationship among half-sib progenies and dynamic patterns of the flower color parameter distribution at different developmental stages were evaluated systematically. Comparisons were made with the suspected parental group and excellent plants in half-sib progenies were selected.【Result】From stage S1 to S3,the spatial distribution and change of color parameter sites in the dimension of L*,C*,and h*changed regularly.L*showed an increasing trend; the proportion of high brightness in the plant was large and the proportion of high brightness plants exhibited an increasing trend with the promotion of the flowering period( The value of L*in the 80-95 inter-val,S1( 45.45%) → S2( 77.27%) → S3( 84.09%)). C*( saturation) showed a continuous downward trend,and the proportion of low saturation plants exhibited an increasing trend with the promotion of the flowering period( The value of C*in the 1-10 interval,S1( 50%) → S2( 77.27%) → S3( 84.09%)). h*showed an increasing trend and the ratio of half-sib progenies in the red region( The value of h*in the 0-20 interval) decreased during the flowering process. The half-sib progenies accounted for the largest proportion in the red region at the big budding stage( 43.18%),but the halfsib progenies accounted for the largest proportion in the yellow region( The value of h*in the 80-110 interval) at the blooming stage and end flowering stage( 34. 09% and 38. 64%). Overall,the locus L*,C*,and h*of half-sib progenies in S1 were more dispersed than the locus in S2 and S3. Thus,the color in S1 was most abundant. Cluster analysis was based on the flower parameters in S2 because ornamental crabapples had the highest value for flower viewing during the blooming stage. With a genetic distance of 16 and 13,all of the Malus'Purple Prince'half-sib progenies could be divided into three series( white series,pink series,and red series) and six color subseries. The white series occupied the largest proportion being 68.2% of the half-sib progenies. In the pink series,the subseries B1( pink red) were brighter than the subseries B2( pink white),and the flower color was well-distributed. In the red series,the brightness of the subseries C1( red) was greater than that of the subseries C2( purple red),but the value of a*was lower. Compared with the possible paternal group( 97 ornamental crabapple cultivars),the half-sib progenies had stronger color stability and better color brightness,but the color chroma value was lower. In the three color series,based on high color brightness,high color chroma values,and strong color stability,we found one excellent plant in the white series( Number5033). This plant had white or very light pink flower color in S1,with high color brightness and high color stability.Based on high color stability and color chroma values,we found one excellent plant in the pink series( Number 5019).The flower color of this plant was stable,and the chroma was high. Based on high color brightness,high color chroma values,and strong color stability,we found one excellent plant in the red series( Number 5032). The plant had bright red flower color,and color stability during S2 to S3. The ornamental values of excellent plants were higher than that of the97 ornamental crabapple cultivars.【Conclusions】The genetic basis of half-sib progenies was expanded effectively by free pollination,but the genetic power of purple-red flower color was not strong,and it had an obvious effect on color stability and other traits.
【Objective】In this project,experiments were based on the abundant resources in the crabapple germplasm bank. We obtained seeds through free pollination,then obtained half-sib progenies by sowing. The goal of this study was to explore the genetic law of flower color and select super individual with excellent color.【Method】We analyzed the color variation of half-sib progenies with'Purple Prince'crabapple( Malus'Purple Prince') as their mother. To ensure the data measure was representative,the flower color parameters were recorded on the edge,middle,and base of 44half-sib progeny petals at big budding stage( S1),blooming stage( S2),and end flowering stage( S3). Color was measured using an X-Rite chromatic meter,and the flower color relationship among half-sib progenies and dynamic patterns of the flower color parameter distribution at different developmental stages were evaluated systematically. Comparisons were made with the suspected parental group and excellent plants in half-sib progenies were selected.【Result】From stage S1 to S3,the spatial distribution and change of color parameter sites in the dimension of L*,C*,and h*changed regularly.L*showed an increasing trend; the proportion of high brightness in the plant was large and the proportion of high brightness plants exhibited an increasing trend with the promotion of the flowering period( The value of L*in the 80-95 inter-val,S1( 45.45%) → S2( 77.27%) → S3( 84.09%)). C*( saturation) showed a continuous downward trend,and the proportion of low saturation plants exhibited an increasing trend with the promotion of the flowering period( The value of C*in the 1-10 interval,S1( 50%) → S2( 77.27%) → S3( 84.09%)). h*showed an increasing trend and the ratio of half-sib progenies in the red region( The value of h*in the 0-20 interval) decreased during the flowering process. The half-sib progenies accounted for the largest proportion in the red region at the big budding stage( 43.18%),but the halfsib progenies accounted for the largest proportion in the yellow region( The value of h*in the 80-110 interval) at the blooming stage and end flowering stage( 34. 09% and 38. 64%). Overall,the locus L*,C*,and h*of half-sib progenies in S1 were more dispersed than the locus in S2 and S3. Thus,the color in S1 was most abundant. Cluster analysis was based on the flower parameters in S2 because ornamental crabapples had the highest value for flower viewing during the blooming stage. With a genetic distance of 16 and 13,all of the Malus'Purple Prince'half-sib progenies could be divided into three series( white series,pink series,and red series) and six color subseries. The white series occupied the largest proportion being 68.2% of the half-sib progenies. In the pink series,the subseries B1( pink red) were brighter than the subseries B2( pink white),and the flower color was well-distributed. In the red series,the brightness of the subseries C1( red) was greater than that of the subseries C2( purple red),but the value of a*was lower. Compared with the possible paternal group( 97 ornamental crabapple cultivars),the half-sib progenies had stronger color stability and better color brightness,but the color chroma value was lower. In the three color series,based on high color brightness,high color chroma values,and strong color stability,we found one excellent plant in the white series( Number5033). This plant had white or very light pink flower color in S1,with high color brightness and high color stability.Based on high color stability and color chroma values,we found one excellent plant in the pink series( Number 5019).The flower color of this plant was stable,and the chroma was high. Based on high color brightness,high color chroma values,and strong color stability,we found one excellent plant in the red series( Number 5032). The plant had bright red flower color,and color stability during S2 to S3. The ornamental values of excellent plants were higher than that of the97 ornamental crabapple cultivars.【Conclusions】The genetic basis of half-sib progenies was expanded effectively by free pollination,but the genetic power of purple-red flower color was not strong,and it had an obvious effect on color stability and other traits.
引文
[1]赵云鹏,陈发棣,郭维明.观赏植物花色基因工程研究进展[J].植物学通报,2003,20(1):51-58. DOI:10.3969/j. issn.1674-3466.2003.01.006.ZHAO Y P,CHEN F D,GUO W M.Advances in genetic engineering of flower color of ornamental plants[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2003,20(1):51-58.
[2]史倩倩,周琳,李奎,等.植物花色素合成的转录调控研究进展[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(4):570-576. DOI:10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2015.04.018.SHI Q Q,ZHOU L,LI K,et al.Transcriptional regulation involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants[J].Forest Research,2015,28(4):570-576.
[3] KATSUMOTO Y,FUKUCHI-MIZUTANI M,FUKUI Y,et al.Engineering of the rose flavonoid biosynthetic pathway successfully generated blue-hued flowers accumulating delphinidin[J]. Plant Cell Physiol,2007,48(11):1589-1600. DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcm131.
[4]吴祝华,施季森,池坚,等.观赏百合资源与育种研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(2):113-118.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2006.02.027.WU Z H,SHI J S,CHI J,et al. Research advances on resources and breeding of ornamental lily[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2006,30(2):113-118.
[5]王秀刚.百合种质资源的花色评价及形成的分析[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2012.WANG X G. Evaluation of flower color and analysis of the formation of Lilium germplasm resources[D]. Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2012.
[6]黄玮婷,曾宋君,吴坤林,等.蝴蝶兰属植物杂交育种研究进展[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2012,20(2):209-220.HUANG W T,ZENG S J,WU K T,et al. Research progresses on cross breeding of Phalaenopsis[J]. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,2012,20(2):209-220.
[7]姜楠南,汤庚国.中国海棠花文化初探[J].南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007,31(1):56-60. DOI:10. 16397/j.cnki.1671-1165.2007.01.008.JIANG N N,TANG G G.An exploration of Chinese crabapple culture[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition),2007,31(1):56-60.
[8]姜文龙,范俊俊,张丹丹,等.观赏海棠不同叶位色彩特征及特异种质挖掘[J].园艺学报,2017,44(6):1135-1144.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0774.JIANG W L,FAN J J,ZHANG D D,et al.Research on the characteristics of different leaf positions of crabapple's laef color and elite germplasm excavation[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2017,44(6):1135-1144.
[9]ZHAO J,WANG R,HUANG C X,et al. Taxonomic analysis of volatiles emitted by ornamental crabapple flowers[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(4):213-218. DOI:10.1016/j. chnaes.2014.01.003.
[10]孙凡雅,沈向,束怀瑞,等.观赏海棠杂交育种花色早期定向选择研究[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(9):2748-2754.SUN F Y,SHEN X,SHU H R,et al. Early directional selection color of ornamental crabapples cultivars[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(9):2748-2754.
[11]张往祥,江志华,裘靓,等.观赏海棠花色时序动态分布格局研究[J].园艺学报,2013,40(3):505-514.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2013.03.015.ZHANG W X,JIANG Z H,QIU L,et al. Studies on sequence dynamic distribution pattern of flower color parameters of ornamental crabapple[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2013, 40(3):505-514.
[12] WARREN K. Crabapple bloom sequence[J]. Malus,1987,2(3):7.
[13]张往祥,魏宏亮,江志华,等.观赏海棠品种群的花期物候特征研究[J].园艺学报,2014,41(4):713-725.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014.04.015.ZHANG W X,WEI H L,JIANG Z H,et al. Studies on flowering phenological characteristics of ornamental crabapple cultivar group[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2014,41(4):713-725.
[14]张丹丹,范俊俊,王欢,等.不同观赏海棠种质果色动态变化规律研究[J].经济林研究,2017,35(3):161-167. DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2017.03.024.ZHANG D D,FAN J J,WANG H,et al.Study on dynamic changes of peel color in different cultivars of ornamental crabapple[J].Nonwood Forest Research,2017,35(3):161-167.
[15]UNNO T,SUGIMOTO A,KAKUDA T. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa(L.)Pers[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2004,93(2/3):391-395. DOI:10. 1016/j.jep.2004.04.012.
[16]BYAMUKAMA R,JORDHEIM M,KIREMIRE B,et al. Anthocyanins from flowers of Hippeastrum cultivars[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2006,109(3):262-266. DOI:10. 1016/j. scienta.2006.05.007.
[17] WHITE S A,SCOGGINS H L. Fertilizer concentration affects growth response and leaf color of Tradescantia virginiana L.[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2005,28(10):1767-1783. DOI:10.1080/01904160500250896.
[18]DONALD H S. A comparison of the three editions of royal horticoltural society colour chart[J]. Hort Science,1998,33(1):13-17.
[19]向其柏,刘玉莲.中国桂花品种图志[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,2008.XIANG Q B,LIU Y L. An illustrated monograph of the sweet Osmanthus cultivars in China[M]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science&Technology Press,2008.
[20]张京政,齐永顺,王同坤,等.利用数码相机测定板栗果实褐变的方法研究[J].北方园艺,2008(4):56-57.ZHANG J Z,QI Y S,WANG T K,et al. A new method for measuring browning of chestnut using digital camera[J].Northern Horticulture,2008(4):56-57.
[21]苑克俊,刘庆忠,李圣龙,等.利用数码相机测定果树叶面积的新方法[J].园艺学报,2006,33(4):829-832. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.206.04.028.YUAN K J,LIU Q Z,LI S L,et al. A new method for measuring leaf area of fruit trees using digital camera[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2006,33(4):829-832.
[22]刘军丽,沈红香,高遐红,等.60Co-γ辐射对苹果属观赏海棠诱变效应的研究初报[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(8):223-226.LIU J L,SHEN H X,GAO X H,et al.A primary report of the mutagenic effects on malus ornamental crabapple induced by60Co-γirradiation[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(8):223-226.
[23]葛雨萱,王亮生,徐彦军,等.蜡梅的花色和花色素组成及其在开花过程中的变化[J].园艺学报,2008,35(9):1331-1338.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2008.09.015.GE Y X,WANG L S,XU Y J,et al.Flower color,pigment composition and their changes during flowering in Chinonanthus praecox link[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2008,35(9):1331-1338.
[2]史倩倩,周琳,李奎,等.植物花色素合成的转录调控研究进展[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(4):570-576. DOI:10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2015.04.018.SHI Q Q,ZHOU L,LI K,et al.Transcriptional regulation involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants[J].Forest Research,2015,28(4):570-576.
[3] KATSUMOTO Y,FUKUCHI-MIZUTANI M,FUKUI Y,et al.Engineering of the rose flavonoid biosynthetic pathway successfully generated blue-hued flowers accumulating delphinidin[J]. Plant Cell Physiol,2007,48(11):1589-1600. DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcm131.
[4]吴祝华,施季森,池坚,等.观赏百合资源与育种研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(2):113-118.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2006.02.027.WU Z H,SHI J S,CHI J,et al. Research advances on resources and breeding of ornamental lily[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2006,30(2):113-118.
[5]王秀刚.百合种质资源的花色评价及形成的分析[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2012.WANG X G. Evaluation of flower color and analysis of the formation of Lilium germplasm resources[D]. Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2012.
[6]黄玮婷,曾宋君,吴坤林,等.蝴蝶兰属植物杂交育种研究进展[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2012,20(2):209-220.HUANG W T,ZENG S J,WU K T,et al. Research progresses on cross breeding of Phalaenopsis[J]. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,2012,20(2):209-220.
[7]姜楠南,汤庚国.中国海棠花文化初探[J].南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007,31(1):56-60. DOI:10. 16397/j.cnki.1671-1165.2007.01.008.JIANG N N,TANG G G.An exploration of Chinese crabapple culture[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition),2007,31(1):56-60.
[8]姜文龙,范俊俊,张丹丹,等.观赏海棠不同叶位色彩特征及特异种质挖掘[J].园艺学报,2017,44(6):1135-1144.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0774.JIANG W L,FAN J J,ZHANG D D,et al.Research on the characteristics of different leaf positions of crabapple's laef color and elite germplasm excavation[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2017,44(6):1135-1144.
[9]ZHAO J,WANG R,HUANG C X,et al. Taxonomic analysis of volatiles emitted by ornamental crabapple flowers[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(4):213-218. DOI:10.1016/j. chnaes.2014.01.003.
[10]孙凡雅,沈向,束怀瑞,等.观赏海棠杂交育种花色早期定向选择研究[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(9):2748-2754.SUN F Y,SHEN X,SHU H R,et al. Early directional selection color of ornamental crabapples cultivars[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(9):2748-2754.
[11]张往祥,江志华,裘靓,等.观赏海棠花色时序动态分布格局研究[J].园艺学报,2013,40(3):505-514.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2013.03.015.ZHANG W X,JIANG Z H,QIU L,et al. Studies on sequence dynamic distribution pattern of flower color parameters of ornamental crabapple[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2013, 40(3):505-514.
[12] WARREN K. Crabapple bloom sequence[J]. Malus,1987,2(3):7.
[13]张往祥,魏宏亮,江志华,等.观赏海棠品种群的花期物候特征研究[J].园艺学报,2014,41(4):713-725.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014.04.015.ZHANG W X,WEI H L,JIANG Z H,et al. Studies on flowering phenological characteristics of ornamental crabapple cultivar group[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2014,41(4):713-725.
[14]张丹丹,范俊俊,王欢,等.不同观赏海棠种质果色动态变化规律研究[J].经济林研究,2017,35(3):161-167. DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2017.03.024.ZHANG D D,FAN J J,WANG H,et al.Study on dynamic changes of peel color in different cultivars of ornamental crabapple[J].Nonwood Forest Research,2017,35(3):161-167.
[15]UNNO T,SUGIMOTO A,KAKUDA T. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa(L.)Pers[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2004,93(2/3):391-395. DOI:10. 1016/j.jep.2004.04.012.
[16]BYAMUKAMA R,JORDHEIM M,KIREMIRE B,et al. Anthocyanins from flowers of Hippeastrum cultivars[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2006,109(3):262-266. DOI:10. 1016/j. scienta.2006.05.007.
[17] WHITE S A,SCOGGINS H L. Fertilizer concentration affects growth response and leaf color of Tradescantia virginiana L.[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2005,28(10):1767-1783. DOI:10.1080/01904160500250896.
[18]DONALD H S. A comparison of the three editions of royal horticoltural society colour chart[J]. Hort Science,1998,33(1):13-17.
[19]向其柏,刘玉莲.中国桂花品种图志[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,2008.XIANG Q B,LIU Y L. An illustrated monograph of the sweet Osmanthus cultivars in China[M]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science&Technology Press,2008.
[20]张京政,齐永顺,王同坤,等.利用数码相机测定板栗果实褐变的方法研究[J].北方园艺,2008(4):56-57.ZHANG J Z,QI Y S,WANG T K,et al. A new method for measuring browning of chestnut using digital camera[J].Northern Horticulture,2008(4):56-57.
[21]苑克俊,刘庆忠,李圣龙,等.利用数码相机测定果树叶面积的新方法[J].园艺学报,2006,33(4):829-832. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.206.04.028.YUAN K J,LIU Q Z,LI S L,et al. A new method for measuring leaf area of fruit trees using digital camera[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2006,33(4):829-832.
[22]刘军丽,沈红香,高遐红,等.60Co-γ辐射对苹果属观赏海棠诱变效应的研究初报[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(8):223-226.LIU J L,SHEN H X,GAO X H,et al.A primary report of the mutagenic effects on malus ornamental crabapple induced by60Co-γirradiation[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(8):223-226.
[23]葛雨萱,王亮生,徐彦军,等.蜡梅的花色和花色素组成及其在开花过程中的变化[J].园艺学报,2008,35(9):1331-1338.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2008.09.015.GE Y X,WANG L S,XU Y J,et al.Flower color,pigment composition and their changes during flowering in Chinonanthus praecox link[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2008,35(9):1331-1338.
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