基于地表温度和叶面积指数的干湿限研究及区域蒸散发估算
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摘要
针对遥感能量平衡方法估算区域蒸散发(ET)存在的空间歧义性问题,本文以METRIC模型为例,基于地表温度(T_s)与叶面积指数(LAI)相关趋势图,按照"Ts频率直方图占比前5%的最高温度区、LAI频率直方图占比后5%的裸土区为‘干点’,Ts频率直方图占比后5%的最低温度区、LAI频率直方图占比前5%的湿地或农田为‘湿点’"的提取方案,综合确定研究区的干湿限,并通过下垫面涡度相关系统实测数据验证了模型估算精度。经检验,校准期和验证期的区域ET估算控制精度平均为15%,与以往研究成果相比,结果相对合理,提取方案在一定程度上可为METRIC模型主观确定干湿限提供帮助。将ET估算结果按土地利用分类提取,研究区不同土地利用类型表现为ET_(水体)> ET_(林地)> ET_(耕地)> ET_(未开发利用土地)> ET_(城乡工矿居民用地)≈ET_(草地),成果对区域遥感ET精准估算研究具有一定参考意义。
The METRIC model was chosen to reveal the spatial ambiguity issue encountered during the calculation of regional evapotranspiration( ET) by remote sensing energy balance method. The study was based on the trend graph of surface temperature(T_s) and leaf area index( LAI). The dry pixel was chosen as the bare soil area where the Tsfrequency histogram accounted for the top 5% of the high-temperature region,and the LAI frequency histogram accounted for 5% of the region. The wet pixel was chosen as the wetland or farmland where the Tsfrequency histogram accounted for the last 5% of the low-temperature region,and the LAI frequency histogram accounted for the top 5% of the region. After that,the measured data of the eddy covariance system were used to verify the estimation accuracy of the model. The results showed that the average estimation accuracy of evapotranspiration in the calibration period and verification period was 15%,which was relatively reasonable compared with the previous research results. The selection scheme could help the Mapping Evapotranspiration with Internalized Calibration( METRIC) model to subjectively determine the dry-wet edge. The evapotranspiration values of different land use types were calculated, and they were in an order of ET_(water)> ET_(forest)> ET_(arable land)> ET_(unused land)>ET_(urban and rural industrial land)≈ ET_(grassland),which could be referred in researching the precision estimation of regional remote sensing evapotranspiration.
The METRIC model was chosen to reveal the spatial ambiguity issue encountered during the calculation of regional evapotranspiration( ET) by remote sensing energy balance method. The study was based on the trend graph of surface temperature(T_s) and leaf area index( LAI). The dry pixel was chosen as the bare soil area where the Tsfrequency histogram accounted for the top 5% of the high-temperature region,and the LAI frequency histogram accounted for 5% of the region. The wet pixel was chosen as the wetland or farmland where the Tsfrequency histogram accounted for the last 5% of the low-temperature region,and the LAI frequency histogram accounted for the top 5% of the region. After that,the measured data of the eddy covariance system were used to verify the estimation accuracy of the model. The results showed that the average estimation accuracy of evapotranspiration in the calibration period and verification period was 15%,which was relatively reasonable compared with the previous research results. The selection scheme could help the Mapping Evapotranspiration with Internalized Calibration( METRIC) model to subjectively determine the dry-wet edge. The evapotranspiration values of different land use types were calculated, and they were in an order of ET_(water)> ET_(forest)> ET_(arable land)> ET_(unused land)>ET_(urban and rural industrial land)≈ ET_(grassland),which could be referred in researching the precision estimation of regional remote sensing evapotranspiration.
引文
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[3]金翠,张柏,宋开山,等.土地利用/覆被变化对区域蒸散发影响的遥感分析---以吉林省乾安县为例[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(5):734-743.[Jin Cui,Zhang Bai,Song Kaishan,et al.RS-based analysis on the effects of land use/cover change on regional evapotranspiration:A case study in Qian’an county,Jilin province[J].Arid Zone Research,2009,26(5):734-743.]
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[5]Howell T A,Schneider A D,Jensen M E.History of lysimeter design and use for evapotranspiration measurements[C]//Allen RG,Howell T A,Pruitt W O,et al.Proceeding of the International Symposium on Lysimetry.New York:American Society of Civil Engineers,1991:1-9.
[6]Bowen I S.The ratio of heat losses by conduction and evaporation from any water surface[J].Physical Review,1926,27(6):779-798.
[7]Thornthwaite C W,Holzman A.Report of the commutation on transpiration and evaporation[J].Transactions of the American Geophysical Union,1944,25:683-693.
[8]Thornthwaite C W.An approach towards a rational classification of climate[J].Geographical Review,1948,38:55-94.
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[10]Wang T,Ochs G R,Clifford S F.A saturation-resistant optical scintillometer to measure[J].Journal of Optical Society of America,1978,68(3):334-338.
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[12]赵文智,吉喜斌,刘鹄.蒸散发观测研究进展及绿洲蒸散研究展望[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(3):463-470.[Zhao Wenzhi,Ji Xibin,Liu Hu.Progresses in evapotranspiration research and prospect in desert oasis evapotranspiration research[J].Arid Zone Research,2011,28(3):463-470.]
[13]崔俊杰,白洁,郑磊,等.新疆地区遥感、融合和陆面模式模拟的蒸散产品的不确定性分析[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(3):597-605.[Cui Junjie,Bai Jie,Zheng Lei,et al.Uncertainty of evapotranspiration products based on fusion of multi-source remote sensing data and land surface modes in Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(3):597-605.]
[14]刘钰,彭致功.区域蒸散发监测与估算方法研究综述[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2009,7(2):96-104.[Liu Yu,Peng Zhigong.A review of monitoring and estimating methods for regional evapotranspiration[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2009,7(2):96-104.]
[15]冯景泽,王忠静.遥感蒸散发模型研究进展综述[J].水利学报,2012,43(8):914-925.[Feng Jingze,Wang Zhongjing.A review on evapotranspiration estimation models using remotely sensed data[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(8):914-925.]
[16]Bastiaanssen W G M,Menenti M,Feddes R A,et al.A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land(SEBAL)1.formulation[J].Journal of Hydrology,1998,212-213:198-212.
[17]Bastiaanssen W G M,Pelgrum H,Wang J,et al.A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land(SEBAL)2.validation[J].Journal of Hydrology,1998,212-213:213-229.
[18]Allen R G,Tasumi M,Trezza R.Satellite-based energy balance for mapping evapotranspiration with internalized calibration(MET-RIC)model[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2007,133(4):381-394.
[19]González-Dugo M,Gonzalez-Piqueras J,Campos I,et al.Estimation of surface energy fluxes in vineyard using field measurements of canopy and soil temperature[J].Remote Sensing and Hydrology,2012,352:59-62.
[20]Wright J L.New evapotranspiration crop coefficients[J].Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division,1982,108:57-74.
[21]杨肖丽,任立良,袁飞,等.利用SEBAL模型对沙拉沐沦河流域蒸散发的分析[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(4):507-514.[Yang Xiaoli,Ren Liliang,Yuan Fei,et al.Study on evapotranspiration in the Shalamulun River basin using SEBAL model and MO-DIS data[J].Arid Zone Research,2010,27(4):507-514.]
[22]Tasumi M.Progress in Operational Estimation of Regional Evapotranspiration Using Satellite Imagery[D].Moscow:University of I-daho,2003:96-101.
[23]Qin Z H,Karnieli A,Berliner P.A mono-window algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM data and its application to the Israel-Egypt border region[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2012,22(18):3 719-3 746.
[24]Chen S P,Chen J Q,Lin G H,et al.Energy balance and partition in Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystems with different land use types[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2009,149(11):1 800-1 809.
[25]Kalma J D,Mcvicar T R,Mccabe M F.Estimating land surface evaporation:A review of methods using remotely sensed surface temperature data[J].Surveys in Geophysics,2008,29(4-5),421-469.
[2]María P M,Abel S,Javier F,et al.A review of water scarcity and drought indexes in water resources planning and management[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,527:482-493.
[3]金翠,张柏,宋开山,等.土地利用/覆被变化对区域蒸散发影响的遥感分析---以吉林省乾安县为例[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(5):734-743.[Jin Cui,Zhang Bai,Song Kaishan,et al.RS-based analysis on the effects of land use/cover change on regional evapotranspiration:A case study in Qian’an county,Jilin province[J].Arid Zone Research,2009,26(5):734-743.]
[4]Rana G,Katerji N.Measurement and estimation of actual evapotranspiration in the field under Mediterranean climate:A review[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2000,13(2-3):125-153.
[5]Howell T A,Schneider A D,Jensen M E.History of lysimeter design and use for evapotranspiration measurements[C]//Allen RG,Howell T A,Pruitt W O,et al.Proceeding of the International Symposium on Lysimetry.New York:American Society of Civil Engineers,1991:1-9.
[6]Bowen I S.The ratio of heat losses by conduction and evaporation from any water surface[J].Physical Review,1926,27(6):779-798.
[7]Thornthwaite C W,Holzman A.Report of the commutation on transpiration and evaporation[J].Transactions of the American Geophysical Union,1944,25:683-693.
[8]Thornthwaite C W.An approach towards a rational classification of climate[J].Geographical Review,1948,38:55-94.
[9]Massman W J,Lee X.Eddy covariance flux corrections and uncertainties in long-term studies of carbon and energy exchanges[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2002,113(1-4):121-144.
[10]Wang T,Ochs G R,Clifford S F.A saturation-resistant optical scintillometer to measure[J].Journal of Optical Society of America,1978,68(3):334-338.
[11]王婧,刘廷玺,雷慧闽,等.基于涡度相关的半干旱区沙丘-草甸水热通量对比分析[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(3):593-600.[Wang Jing,Liu Tingxi,Lei Huimin,et al.Heat and water vapor fluxes of dune-meadow landscape in semiarid area based on eddy covariance measurements[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(3):593-600.]
[12]赵文智,吉喜斌,刘鹄.蒸散发观测研究进展及绿洲蒸散研究展望[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(3):463-470.[Zhao Wenzhi,Ji Xibin,Liu Hu.Progresses in evapotranspiration research and prospect in desert oasis evapotranspiration research[J].Arid Zone Research,2011,28(3):463-470.]
[13]崔俊杰,白洁,郑磊,等.新疆地区遥感、融合和陆面模式模拟的蒸散产品的不确定性分析[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(3):597-605.[Cui Junjie,Bai Jie,Zheng Lei,et al.Uncertainty of evapotranspiration products based on fusion of multi-source remote sensing data and land surface modes in Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(3):597-605.]
[14]刘钰,彭致功.区域蒸散发监测与估算方法研究综述[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2009,7(2):96-104.[Liu Yu,Peng Zhigong.A review of monitoring and estimating methods for regional evapotranspiration[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2009,7(2):96-104.]
[15]冯景泽,王忠静.遥感蒸散发模型研究进展综述[J].水利学报,2012,43(8):914-925.[Feng Jingze,Wang Zhongjing.A review on evapotranspiration estimation models using remotely sensed data[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(8):914-925.]
[16]Bastiaanssen W G M,Menenti M,Feddes R A,et al.A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land(SEBAL)1.formulation[J].Journal of Hydrology,1998,212-213:198-212.
[17]Bastiaanssen W G M,Pelgrum H,Wang J,et al.A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land(SEBAL)2.validation[J].Journal of Hydrology,1998,212-213:213-229.
[18]Allen R G,Tasumi M,Trezza R.Satellite-based energy balance for mapping evapotranspiration with internalized calibration(MET-RIC)model[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2007,133(4):381-394.
[19]González-Dugo M,Gonzalez-Piqueras J,Campos I,et al.Estimation of surface energy fluxes in vineyard using field measurements of canopy and soil temperature[J].Remote Sensing and Hydrology,2012,352:59-62.
[20]Wright J L.New evapotranspiration crop coefficients[J].Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division,1982,108:57-74.
[21]杨肖丽,任立良,袁飞,等.利用SEBAL模型对沙拉沐沦河流域蒸散发的分析[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(4):507-514.[Yang Xiaoli,Ren Liliang,Yuan Fei,et al.Study on evapotranspiration in the Shalamulun River basin using SEBAL model and MO-DIS data[J].Arid Zone Research,2010,27(4):507-514.]
[22]Tasumi M.Progress in Operational Estimation of Regional Evapotranspiration Using Satellite Imagery[D].Moscow:University of I-daho,2003:96-101.
[23]Qin Z H,Karnieli A,Berliner P.A mono-window algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM data and its application to the Israel-Egypt border region[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2012,22(18):3 719-3 746.
[24]Chen S P,Chen J Q,Lin G H,et al.Energy balance and partition in Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystems with different land use types[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2009,149(11):1 800-1 809.
[25]Kalma J D,Mcvicar T R,Mccabe M F.Estimating land surface evaporation:A review of methods using remotely sensed surface temperature data[J].Surveys in Geophysics,2008,29(4-5),421-469.
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