基于城市空间规划设计视角的颗粒物空气污染控制策略研究综述
|
摘要
颗粒物空气污染是世界各国在快速城镇化过程中共同面临的严峻挑战。借助CNKI和Web of science,通过文献查阅整理城市空间在颗粒物污染方面的研究,系统性地总结该研究领域的整体特征与调节颗粒物污染的城市空间规划设计策略。结果显示:1)该研究属于一个新兴而前沿的学术领域,近年来呈持续上升趋势,相关文献主要来自中国、美国、英国与德国;2)绿色空间通过城市尺度的风道网络、绿地系统规划,街区尺度的公园绿地、湖泊湿地、道路绿带、城市森林对颗粒物污染产生消减作用;3)灰色空间通过城市尺度的城市形态优化、土地利用布局、街区尺度的街谷空间改造降低颗粒物污染;4)遥感反演与数值模拟技术(WRF、CFD)为规划设计策略提供技术支撑。最后对已有研究成果进行总结,并提出研究展望。
Particulate air pollution is a serious challenge confronting many countries of rapid urbanization. With the help of CNKI and Web of Science, the paper systematically summarized the overall characteristics of research field and the urban space planning and design strategies for regulating particulate matter through literature review. The result shows that: 1) The research is a new and frontier academic field, which increased continuously in recent years and achievements on research mainly from China, America, England and Germany; 2) Effects of green space on particulate matter removal of are mainly through the two aspects: wind tunnel and green space system in urban scale and patch, and park green space, lake wetland, roadside belt, forest in block scale; 3) Effects of gray space on particulate matter removal are also through two aspects: optimization of urban morphology and land use in urban scale, and street canyon in block scale; 4) Remote sensing inversion and numerical simulation provide technical support for the planning and design strategies. Finally, the paper summarizes the existing research results and points out the research prospects.
Particulate air pollution is a serious challenge confronting many countries of rapid urbanization. With the help of CNKI and Web of Science, the paper systematically summarized the overall characteristics of research field and the urban space planning and design strategies for regulating particulate matter through literature review. The result shows that: 1) The research is a new and frontier academic field, which increased continuously in recent years and achievements on research mainly from China, America, England and Germany; 2) Effects of green space on particulate matter removal of are mainly through the two aspects: wind tunnel and green space system in urban scale and patch, and park green space, lake wetland, roadside belt, forest in block scale; 3) Effects of gray space on particulate matter removal are also through two aspects: optimization of urban morphology and land use in urban scale, and street canyon in block scale; 4) Remote sensing inversion and numerical simulation provide technical support for the planning and design strategies. Finally, the paper summarizes the existing research results and points out the research prospects.
引文
[1]Kabisch N,Haase D.Green spaces of European cities revisited for 1990-2006[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2013,110(1):113-122.
[2]杨振山,张慧,丁悦,等.城市绿色空间研究内容与展望[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(1):18-29.
[3]Demir M,Dindaroglu T,Yilmaz S.Effects of forest areas on air quality;Aras basinand its environment[J].Journal of Environmental Health Science&Engineering,2014,12(1):1-11.
[4]Liu X H,Yu X X,Zhang Z M.PM2.5 concentration differences between various forest types and its correlation with forest structure[J].Atmosphere,2015,6(11):1801-1815.
[5]郭琳琳,李保峰,陈宏.我国在街区尺度的城市微气候研究进展[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(1):75-81.
[6]任超,袁超,何正军,等.城市通风廊道研究及其规划应用[J].城市规划学刊,2014,58(3):52-60.
[7]徐建春,周国锋,徐之寒,等.城市雾霾管控:土地利用空间冲突与城市风道[J].中国土地科学,2015,29(10):49-56.
[8]陈宏,周雪帆,戴菲,等.应对城市热岛效应及空气污染的城市通风道规划研究[J].现代城市研究,2014,29(7):24-30.
[9]李军,荣颖.城市风道及其建设控制设计指引[J].城市问题,2014(9):42-47.
[10]Li C M,Pan L,Zheng S N,et al.Microclimatic spatial planning for Xianghe Segment of China's Grand Canal[J].International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology,2016,23(4):312-318.
[11]Yuan Z.Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Atmospheric Environment Simulation:a Case Study in Shenyang,China[C]//International Symposium on Mechanical Engineering and Material Science,South Korea,2016:17-19.
[12]左长安,邢丛丛,董睿,等.伦敦雾霾控制历程中的城市规划与环境立法[J].城市规划,2014,38(9):51-56;63.
[13]陈宇峰.基于气候特异性的北京城区楔形绿地体系构建[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[14]刘媛媛.基于雾霾影响下的城市空间重构研究[D].长春:吉林建筑大学,2016.
[15]赵红斌,刘晖.盆地城市通风廊道营建方法研究:以西安市为例[J].中国园林,2014,30(11):32-35.
[16]孙瑞丰,刘媛媛.基于雾霾影响下的城市生态用地布局重构浅析:以郑州市为例[J].吉林建筑大学学报,2016,33(2):75-78.
[17]Wu J S,Xie W D,Li W F,et al.Effects of Urban Landscape Pattern on PM2.5 Pollution:A Beijing Case Study[J].Plos One,2015,10(11):1-20.
[18]戴菲,陈明,朱晟伟,等.街区尺度不同绿化覆盖率对PM10、PM2.5的消减研究:以武汉主城区为例[J].中国园林,2018,34(3):105-110.
[19]Irga P J,Burchett M D,Torpy F R.Does urban forestry have a quantitative effect on ambient air quality in an urban environment?[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,120:173-181.
[20]Wu H T,Yang C,Chen J,et al.Effects of Green space landscape patterns on particulate matter in Zhejiang Province,China[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,2018,9(5):923-933.
[21]雷雅凯,段彦博,马格,等.城市绿地景观格局对PM2.5、PM10分布的影响及尺度效应[J].中国园林,2018,34(7):98-103.
[22]傅凡,赵彩君,孙玉红,等.园林绿地秋季温湿度与细颗粒物PM2.5浓度的关系研究:以北京玉渊潭公园为例[J].中国园林,2018,34(4):36-40.
[23]王国玉,白伟岚,李新宇,等.北京地区消减PM2.5等颗粒物污染的绿地设计技术探析[J].中国园林,2014,30(7):70-76.
[24]余梓木.基于遥感和GIS的城市颗粒物污染分布初步研究和探讨[D].南京:南京气象学院,2004.
[25]McDonald A G,Bealey W J,Fowler D,et al.Quantifying the effect of urban tree planting on concentrations and depositions of PM10 in two UKconurbations[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(38):8455-8467.
[26]Jun Y,Qian Y,Peng G.Quantifying air pollution removal by green roofs in Chicago[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(31):7266-7273.
[27]朱春阳,曾元梓,陈奕汝,等.城市湖泊湿地对空气PM10、PM2.5的影响:以武汉为例[J].中国园林,2016,32(11):88-93.
[28]曾元梓,陈奕汝,郭慧娟,等.城市湖泊湿地建成环境对PM10、PM2.5浓度影响因子分析:以武汉市为例[J].中国园林,2018,34(7):104-109.
[29]牟浩.城市道路绿带宽度对空气污染物的削减效率研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[30]李萍,王松,王亚英,等.城市道路绿化带“微峡谷效应”及其对非机动车道污染物浓度的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(10):2888-2896.
[31]蔺银鼎,武小刚,郝兴宇,等.城市机动车道颗粒污染物扩散对绿化隔离带空间结构的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6561-6567.
[32]Abhijith K V,Kumar P,Gallagher J,et al.Air pollution abatement performances of green infrastructure in open road and built-up street canyon environments-A review[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,162:71-86.
[33]Wuyts K,Verheyen K,De S A.The impact of forest edge structure on longitudinal patterns of deposition,wind speed,and turbulence[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(37):8651-8660.
[34]张纯,张世秋.大都市圈的城市形态与空气质量研究综述:关系识别和分析框架[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(9):47-53.
[35]Anderson W,Kanaroglou P,Miller E.Urban form energy and the environment:A review of issues,evidence and policy[J].Urban Studies,1996,33(1):7-35.
[36]Fan C J,Tian L,Zhou L,et al.Examining the impacts of urban form on air pollutant emissions:Evidence from China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,212:405-414.
[37]Liu Y P,Wu J G,Yu D Y,et al.The relationship between urban form and air pollution depends on seasonality and city size[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(16):15554-15567.
[38]宋彦,钟绍鹏,章征涛,等.城市空间结构对PM2.5的影响:美国夏洛特汽车排放评估项目的借鉴和启示[J].城市规划,2014,38(5):9-14.
[39]郭佳星.城市形态与空气质量关联性研究框架[J].建设科技,2015(18):58-60;65.
[40]Yang H O,Chen W B,Liang Z F.Impact of Land Use on PM2.5 Pollution in a Representative City of Middle China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2017,14(5):462.
[41]于静,尚二萍.城市快速发展下主要用地类型的PM2.5浓度空间对应:以沈阳为例[J].城市发展研究,2013,20(9):4-6;20.
[42]唐新明,刘浩,李京,等.北京地区霾/颗粒物污染与土地利用/覆盖的时空关联分析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(9):2561-2569.
[43]苏维,赖新云,赖胜男,等.南昌市城市空气PM2.5和PM10时空变异特征及其与景观格局的关系[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(7):2431-2439.
[44]Rodríguez M C,Dupont-Courtade L,Oueslati W.Air pollution and urban structure linkages:Evidence from European cities[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,53:1-9.
[45]许珊,邹滨,蒲强,等.土地利用/覆盖的空气污染效应分析[J].地球信息科学,2015,17(3):291-298.
[46]Park S J,Kim J J,Kim M J,et al.Characteristics of flow and reactive pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,108:20-31.
[47]Zhong J,Cai X M,Bloss W J.Modelling the dispersion and transport of reactive pollutants in a deep urban street canyon:Using large-eddy simulation[J].Environmental Pollution,2015,200:42-52.
[48]王纪武,张晨,冯余军.街谷空气污染研究评述及城市规划应对框架[J].城市发展研究,2012,19(5):82-86.
[49]邱巧玲,王凌.基于街道峡谷污染机理的城市街道几何结构规划研究[J].城市发展研究,2007,14(4):78-82.
[50]王纪武,王炜.城市街道峡谷空间形态及其污染物扩散研究:以杭州市中山路为例[J].城市规划,2010,34(12):57-63.
[51]李绥,杨二东,石铁矛,等.商业街区可吸入颗粒物空间分布及其气象要素的相关性[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,2014,30(5):923-930.
[52]翟静,赵敬德,冯寒立.高架覆盖采风口型街谷内PM2.5分布模拟[J].建筑热能通风空调,2018,37(10):40-43;71.
[53]冯寒立,赵敬德,翟静.高架覆盖的街谷内可吸入颗粒物的浓度分布[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(8):4669-4676.
[54]Kaufman Y J,Sendra C.Algorithm for automatic atmospheric corrections to visible and nearIR satellite imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1988,9(8):1357-1381.
[55]罗娜娜.大气可吸入颗粒物遥感反演方法研究[D].北京:首都师范大学,2014.
[56]余梓木,周红妹,郑有飞.基于遥感和GIS的城市颗粒物污染分布研究[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(3):58-64.
[57]李磊,胡非,程雪玲,等.Fluent在城市街区大气环境中的一个应用[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2004,21(4):476-480.
[58]苗世光,张朝林,江晓燕,等.城市小区气象条件与污染扩散精细预报研究[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(10):1729-1736.
[59]Jeanjean A P R,Monks P S,Leigh R J.Modelling the effectiveness of urban trees and grass on PM2.5 reduction via dispersion and deposition at a city scale[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,147:1-10.
[60]Hong B,Lin B R,Qin H Q.Numerical investigation on the coupled effects of building-tree arrangements on fine particulate matter(PM2.5)dispersion in housing blocks[J].Sustainable Cities and Society,2017,34:358-370.
[61]周翌晨.绿化布局对建筑物周围流场及污染物分布特征的影响[D].上海:东华大学,2016.
[62]刘瑞婷,韩志伟,李嘉伟.北京冬季雾霾事件的气象特征分析[J].气候与环境研究,2014,19(2):164-172.
[63]付高平.成都市微细颗粒物(PM2.5)形成机理及对人类健康危害研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014:19-49.
[64]周雪帆,陈宏,管毓刚.城市通风道规划设计方法研究:以贵阳市为例[J].西部人居环境学刊,2015,30(6):13-18.
[65]林欣.基于数值模拟的城市多尺度通风廊道识别研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
[2]杨振山,张慧,丁悦,等.城市绿色空间研究内容与展望[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(1):18-29.
[3]Demir M,Dindaroglu T,Yilmaz S.Effects of forest areas on air quality;Aras basinand its environment[J].Journal of Environmental Health Science&Engineering,2014,12(1):1-11.
[4]Liu X H,Yu X X,Zhang Z M.PM2.5 concentration differences between various forest types and its correlation with forest structure[J].Atmosphere,2015,6(11):1801-1815.
[5]郭琳琳,李保峰,陈宏.我国在街区尺度的城市微气候研究进展[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(1):75-81.
[6]任超,袁超,何正军,等.城市通风廊道研究及其规划应用[J].城市规划学刊,2014,58(3):52-60.
[7]徐建春,周国锋,徐之寒,等.城市雾霾管控:土地利用空间冲突与城市风道[J].中国土地科学,2015,29(10):49-56.
[8]陈宏,周雪帆,戴菲,等.应对城市热岛效应及空气污染的城市通风道规划研究[J].现代城市研究,2014,29(7):24-30.
[9]李军,荣颖.城市风道及其建设控制设计指引[J].城市问题,2014(9):42-47.
[10]Li C M,Pan L,Zheng S N,et al.Microclimatic spatial planning for Xianghe Segment of China's Grand Canal[J].International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology,2016,23(4):312-318.
[11]Yuan Z.Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Atmospheric Environment Simulation:a Case Study in Shenyang,China[C]//International Symposium on Mechanical Engineering and Material Science,South Korea,2016:17-19.
[12]左长安,邢丛丛,董睿,等.伦敦雾霾控制历程中的城市规划与环境立法[J].城市规划,2014,38(9):51-56;63.
[13]陈宇峰.基于气候特异性的北京城区楔形绿地体系构建[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[14]刘媛媛.基于雾霾影响下的城市空间重构研究[D].长春:吉林建筑大学,2016.
[15]赵红斌,刘晖.盆地城市通风廊道营建方法研究:以西安市为例[J].中国园林,2014,30(11):32-35.
[16]孙瑞丰,刘媛媛.基于雾霾影响下的城市生态用地布局重构浅析:以郑州市为例[J].吉林建筑大学学报,2016,33(2):75-78.
[17]Wu J S,Xie W D,Li W F,et al.Effects of Urban Landscape Pattern on PM2.5 Pollution:A Beijing Case Study[J].Plos One,2015,10(11):1-20.
[18]戴菲,陈明,朱晟伟,等.街区尺度不同绿化覆盖率对PM10、PM2.5的消减研究:以武汉主城区为例[J].中国园林,2018,34(3):105-110.
[19]Irga P J,Burchett M D,Torpy F R.Does urban forestry have a quantitative effect on ambient air quality in an urban environment?[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,120:173-181.
[20]Wu H T,Yang C,Chen J,et al.Effects of Green space landscape patterns on particulate matter in Zhejiang Province,China[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,2018,9(5):923-933.
[21]雷雅凯,段彦博,马格,等.城市绿地景观格局对PM2.5、PM10分布的影响及尺度效应[J].中国园林,2018,34(7):98-103.
[22]傅凡,赵彩君,孙玉红,等.园林绿地秋季温湿度与细颗粒物PM2.5浓度的关系研究:以北京玉渊潭公园为例[J].中国园林,2018,34(4):36-40.
[23]王国玉,白伟岚,李新宇,等.北京地区消减PM2.5等颗粒物污染的绿地设计技术探析[J].中国园林,2014,30(7):70-76.
[24]余梓木.基于遥感和GIS的城市颗粒物污染分布初步研究和探讨[D].南京:南京气象学院,2004.
[25]McDonald A G,Bealey W J,Fowler D,et al.Quantifying the effect of urban tree planting on concentrations and depositions of PM10 in two UKconurbations[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(38):8455-8467.
[26]Jun Y,Qian Y,Peng G.Quantifying air pollution removal by green roofs in Chicago[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(31):7266-7273.
[27]朱春阳,曾元梓,陈奕汝,等.城市湖泊湿地对空气PM10、PM2.5的影响:以武汉为例[J].中国园林,2016,32(11):88-93.
[28]曾元梓,陈奕汝,郭慧娟,等.城市湖泊湿地建成环境对PM10、PM2.5浓度影响因子分析:以武汉市为例[J].中国园林,2018,34(7):104-109.
[29]牟浩.城市道路绿带宽度对空气污染物的削减效率研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[30]李萍,王松,王亚英,等.城市道路绿化带“微峡谷效应”及其对非机动车道污染物浓度的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(10):2888-2896.
[31]蔺银鼎,武小刚,郝兴宇,等.城市机动车道颗粒污染物扩散对绿化隔离带空间结构的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6561-6567.
[32]Abhijith K V,Kumar P,Gallagher J,et al.Air pollution abatement performances of green infrastructure in open road and built-up street canyon environments-A review[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,162:71-86.
[33]Wuyts K,Verheyen K,De S A.The impact of forest edge structure on longitudinal patterns of deposition,wind speed,and turbulence[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(37):8651-8660.
[34]张纯,张世秋.大都市圈的城市形态与空气质量研究综述:关系识别和分析框架[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(9):47-53.
[35]Anderson W,Kanaroglou P,Miller E.Urban form energy and the environment:A review of issues,evidence and policy[J].Urban Studies,1996,33(1):7-35.
[36]Fan C J,Tian L,Zhou L,et al.Examining the impacts of urban form on air pollutant emissions:Evidence from China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,212:405-414.
[37]Liu Y P,Wu J G,Yu D Y,et al.The relationship between urban form and air pollution depends on seasonality and city size[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(16):15554-15567.
[38]宋彦,钟绍鹏,章征涛,等.城市空间结构对PM2.5的影响:美国夏洛特汽车排放评估项目的借鉴和启示[J].城市规划,2014,38(5):9-14.
[39]郭佳星.城市形态与空气质量关联性研究框架[J].建设科技,2015(18):58-60;65.
[40]Yang H O,Chen W B,Liang Z F.Impact of Land Use on PM2.5 Pollution in a Representative City of Middle China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2017,14(5):462.
[41]于静,尚二萍.城市快速发展下主要用地类型的PM2.5浓度空间对应:以沈阳为例[J].城市发展研究,2013,20(9):4-6;20.
[42]唐新明,刘浩,李京,等.北京地区霾/颗粒物污染与土地利用/覆盖的时空关联分析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(9):2561-2569.
[43]苏维,赖新云,赖胜男,等.南昌市城市空气PM2.5和PM10时空变异特征及其与景观格局的关系[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(7):2431-2439.
[44]Rodríguez M C,Dupont-Courtade L,Oueslati W.Air pollution and urban structure linkages:Evidence from European cities[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,53:1-9.
[45]许珊,邹滨,蒲强,等.土地利用/覆盖的空气污染效应分析[J].地球信息科学,2015,17(3):291-298.
[46]Park S J,Kim J J,Kim M J,et al.Characteristics of flow and reactive pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,108:20-31.
[47]Zhong J,Cai X M,Bloss W J.Modelling the dispersion and transport of reactive pollutants in a deep urban street canyon:Using large-eddy simulation[J].Environmental Pollution,2015,200:42-52.
[48]王纪武,张晨,冯余军.街谷空气污染研究评述及城市规划应对框架[J].城市发展研究,2012,19(5):82-86.
[49]邱巧玲,王凌.基于街道峡谷污染机理的城市街道几何结构规划研究[J].城市发展研究,2007,14(4):78-82.
[50]王纪武,王炜.城市街道峡谷空间形态及其污染物扩散研究:以杭州市中山路为例[J].城市规划,2010,34(12):57-63.
[51]李绥,杨二东,石铁矛,等.商业街区可吸入颗粒物空间分布及其气象要素的相关性[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,2014,30(5):923-930.
[52]翟静,赵敬德,冯寒立.高架覆盖采风口型街谷内PM2.5分布模拟[J].建筑热能通风空调,2018,37(10):40-43;71.
[53]冯寒立,赵敬德,翟静.高架覆盖的街谷内可吸入颗粒物的浓度分布[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(8):4669-4676.
[54]Kaufman Y J,Sendra C.Algorithm for automatic atmospheric corrections to visible and nearIR satellite imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1988,9(8):1357-1381.
[55]罗娜娜.大气可吸入颗粒物遥感反演方法研究[D].北京:首都师范大学,2014.
[56]余梓木,周红妹,郑有飞.基于遥感和GIS的城市颗粒物污染分布研究[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(3):58-64.
[57]李磊,胡非,程雪玲,等.Fluent在城市街区大气环境中的一个应用[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2004,21(4):476-480.
[58]苗世光,张朝林,江晓燕,等.城市小区气象条件与污染扩散精细预报研究[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(10):1729-1736.
[59]Jeanjean A P R,Monks P S,Leigh R J.Modelling the effectiveness of urban trees and grass on PM2.5 reduction via dispersion and deposition at a city scale[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,147:1-10.
[60]Hong B,Lin B R,Qin H Q.Numerical investigation on the coupled effects of building-tree arrangements on fine particulate matter(PM2.5)dispersion in housing blocks[J].Sustainable Cities and Society,2017,34:358-370.
[61]周翌晨.绿化布局对建筑物周围流场及污染物分布特征的影响[D].上海:东华大学,2016.
[62]刘瑞婷,韩志伟,李嘉伟.北京冬季雾霾事件的气象特征分析[J].气候与环境研究,2014,19(2):164-172.
[63]付高平.成都市微细颗粒物(PM2.5)形成机理及对人类健康危害研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014:19-49.
[64]周雪帆,陈宏,管毓刚.城市通风道规划设计方法研究:以贵阳市为例[J].西部人居环境学刊,2015,30(6):13-18.
[65]林欣.基于数值模拟的城市多尺度通风廊道识别研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |