不同盐浓度微咸水灌溉对棉花出苗率及幼苗生长情况的影响
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摘要
本试验采用育苗盘及盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度微咸水浇灌对棉花籽的出苗率及棉花苗期的生长发育状况的影响。研究结果表明,随着盐浓度的增大,棉花出苗率逐渐下降,盐浓度0.1%(Y1)处理的出苗率达到最大,为75.0%,显著高于其他处理。且土壤盐浓度与棉花的出苗率呈显著的负相关关系(P<0.05)。在相同条件下,不同盐浓度的咸水灌溉与棉花出苗率之间的拟合指数较高,且R~2均大于0.9。随着盐浓度的升高,棉花株高逐渐下降,且Y8(0.8%)处理的株高最低。棉花在苗期的根系干重和冠层干重均逐渐降低。其中Y3处理是根系干重快速下降的临界点。随着盐浓度的变化SPAD值的大小表现为:Y1>Y2>Y3>Y4>Y5>Y6>Y7>Y8。Y1处理的SPAD达到了48.7,其次是Y2和Y3处理,且均显著高于其他处理,但三者间差异不显著。综合分析,在适宜范围内随盐分浓度增高,对棉花的出苗及幼苗影响不显著,其中以盐浓度0.3%的微咸水为灌溉临界点。超过临界点将严重制约棉花的出苗率和幼苗生长。
In this study, the seedling tray and pot experiment were used to study the effects of different concentrations of brackish water on the emergence rate of cotton seed and the growth and development of cotton seedling. The results showed that with the increase of salt concentration, the emergence rate of cotton decreased gradually, and the seedling rate of salt concentration 0.1%(Y1) reached the maximum, which was 75.0%. It was significantly higher than other treatments. There was a significant negative correlation between soil salt concentration and cotton emergence rate(P<0.05). The fitting index between salt water irrigation and cotton emergence rate with different salt concentrations was higher and R~2>0.9. With the increase of salt concentration, the plant height of cotton decreased gradually, and the plant height of Y8(0.8%) treatment was the lowest. The dry weight of the roots and the dry weight of the canopy of cotton at the seedling stage gradually decreased. And Y3 is the critical point for the rapid decline of root dry weight. The SPAD value as a function of salt concentration is Y1>Y2>Y3>Y4>Y5>Y6>Y7>Y8. The SPAD of Y1 reached 48.7, followed by Y2 and Y3 treatments, and both were significantly higher than other treatments, but the difference among the three was not significant. Comprehensive analysis, with the increase of salt concentration in the appropriate range, has no significant effect on cotton emergence and seedlings, and the salt water with a salt concentration of 0.3% is the critical point of irrigation. Exceeding the critical point will seriously restrict cotton emergence rate and seedling growth.
In this study, the seedling tray and pot experiment were used to study the effects of different concentrations of brackish water on the emergence rate of cotton seed and the growth and development of cotton seedling. The results showed that with the increase of salt concentration, the emergence rate of cotton decreased gradually, and the seedling rate of salt concentration 0.1%(Y1) reached the maximum, which was 75.0%. It was significantly higher than other treatments. There was a significant negative correlation between soil salt concentration and cotton emergence rate(P<0.05). The fitting index between salt water irrigation and cotton emergence rate with different salt concentrations was higher and R~2>0.9. With the increase of salt concentration, the plant height of cotton decreased gradually, and the plant height of Y8(0.8%) treatment was the lowest. The dry weight of the roots and the dry weight of the canopy of cotton at the seedling stage gradually decreased. And Y3 is the critical point for the rapid decline of root dry weight. The SPAD value as a function of salt concentration is Y1>Y2>Y3>Y4>Y5>Y6>Y7>Y8. The SPAD of Y1 reached 48.7, followed by Y2 and Y3 treatments, and both were significantly higher than other treatments, but the difference among the three was not significant. Comprehensive analysis, with the increase of salt concentration in the appropriate range, has no significant effect on cotton emergence and seedlings, and the salt water with a salt concentration of 0.3% is the critical point of irrigation. Exceeding the critical point will seriously restrict cotton emergence rate and seedling growth.
引文
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[11] 杨传杰,罗毅,孙林,等.灌溉水矿化度对玛纳斯流域棉花生长影响的试验研究[J].资源科学,2012,34(4):660-667.
[12] 盛统民,张胜江.淡水磁化灌溉对棉花出苗率、生长及干物质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2019,47(04):207-210.
[13] 李平,张永江,刘连涛,等.水分胁迫对棉花幼苗水分利用和光合特性的影响[J].棉花学报,2014,26(2):113-121.
[2] 随龙龙,田景山,姚贺盛,等.播期温度对新疆膜下滴灌棉花出苗率及苗期生长的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(21):4040-4051.
[3] 张安琪,郑春莲,李宗毅,等.棉花成苗和幼苗生长对咸水滴灌的响应特征[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(10):16-22.
[4] 冯棣,张俊鹏,曹彩云,等.适宜棉花成苗的咸水灌溉方式及矿化度指标确定[J].农业工程学报,2014,22(30):95-101.
[5] 王俊娟,王德龙,樊伟莉,等.陆地棉萌发至三叶期不同生育阶段耐盐特性[J].生态学报,2011,31(13):3720-3727.
[6] 张俊鹏,孙景生,李科江,等.不同灌溉方式下底墒水矿化度对棉花出苗率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,22(3):51-55.
[7] 马丽娟,侯振安,闵伟,等.适宜咸水滴灌提高棉花水氮利用率[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(14):130-136.
[8] Steppuhn H,Van Genuchten M Th,Grieve C M.Crop ecology,management and quality,root-zone salinity:selecting a product-yield index and response function for crop tolerance[J].Crop Science,2005,45(1):209-220.
[9] Rhades J D,Kandiah A,Mashali A M.The use of saline waters for crop production-FAO irrigation and drainage paper 48[R].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome,1992.
[10] Rajak D,Manjunatha M V,Rajkumar GR,et al.Comparative effects of drip and furrow irrigation on the yield and water productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in a saline and waterlogged vertisol[J].Agricultural Water Management,2006,83(1):30-36.
[11] 杨传杰,罗毅,孙林,等.灌溉水矿化度对玛纳斯流域棉花生长影响的试验研究[J].资源科学,2012,34(4):660-667.
[12] 盛统民,张胜江.淡水磁化灌溉对棉花出苗率、生长及干物质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2019,47(04):207-210.
[13] 李平,张永江,刘连涛,等.水分胁迫对棉花幼苗水分利用和光合特性的影响[J].棉花学报,2014,26(2):113-121.