社区基金会的角色定位及发展策略研究——基于北京市四个案例的比较
|
摘要
在当前的社区治理当中,社区基金会在推动社区自治、开展社区营造、参与社区治理、提升社会凝聚力等方面成为一支重要力量。文章通过对北京市注册成立的4家社区基金会的比较研究,刻画了社区基金会发挥的多元角色。研究发现,聚集公益资源是社区基金会最为突出的角色,部分社区基金会对跨界合作的推动效果明显,但在动员社区参与的角色发挥上有显著差别。各个社区基金会尽管都把筹集和管理慈善资源作为自身最为重要的角色,但普遍面临资金筹措和专业运作的双重压力,致使其慈善资源管理者的角色发挥并不突出。研究认为,发起主体的不同目标预设了社区基金会的不同功能和角色,外部政策环境的制约又进一步影响了社区基金会作用的发挥。
In recent years, community foundations have become an important force in promoting community autonomy, improving community governance and enhancing social cohesion. This paper provides an assessment of the current roles and functions of community foundations through the comparative study on four cases from Beijing. The study has found that gathering public resources is the most prominent role of community foundations. Some community foundations play a good role as bridge builder, but there are significant differences in the role of social mobilization. Although all community foundations regard the raising and management of charitable resources as their most important role, they are generally faced with the dual pressure of fund raising and professional operation, so the role of charity resource managers is not prominent. This paper concludes that the main role of community foundations has been presupposed by the different goals of their sponsors, and the restriction of external policy environment further affects the development of community foundations.
In recent years, community foundations have become an important force in promoting community autonomy, improving community governance and enhancing social cohesion. This paper provides an assessment of the current roles and functions of community foundations through the comparative study on four cases from Beijing. The study has found that gathering public resources is the most prominent role of community foundations. Some community foundations play a good role as bridge builder, but there are significant differences in the role of social mobilization. Although all community foundations regard the raising and management of charitable resources as their most important role, they are generally faced with the dual pressure of fund raising and professional operation, so the role of charity resource managers is not prominent. This paper concludes that the main role of community foundations has been presupposed by the different goals of their sponsors, and the restriction of external policy environment further affects the development of community foundations.
引文
[1] 朱健刚.社区基金会的发展需要政策空间,也要“去泡沫”[EB/OL].(2017—06—07)[2018—05—30].http://www.xinhuanet.com/gongyi/2017—06/07/c_129627104.htm.
[2] GRADDY E,WANG L.Community foundation development and social capital[J].Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly,2009,38(3):392—412.
[3] 章敏敏,夏建中.社区基金会的运作模式及在我国的发展研究——基于深圳市社区基金会的调研[J].中州学刊,2014(12):65—69.
[4] 田蓉.从“准资源平台”迈向社区领导者——社区基金会功能三角在地化实践反思[J].河北学刊,2017(1):155—159.
[5] 徐宇珊.我国社区基金会的功能定位与实现路径——基于美国社区基金会与地方联合劝募经验的启发与借鉴[J].中国行政管理,2017(7):81—86.
[6] 徐家良.中国社区基金会关系建构与发展策略[J].社会科学辑刊,2017(2):58—64.
[7] 吴磊.“合法性—有效性”框架下社区基金会发展的影响因素分析——基于上海和深圳的案例[J].社会科学辑刊,2017(2):65—71.
[8] GUO C,LAI W.Community foundations in China:in search of identity?[J].Voluntas:International Journal of Voluntary & Nonprofit Organizations,2017(3) :1—17.
[9] FEURT S,EEANOR W S.An international perspective on the history,development and characteristics of community foundations[M]//WALLENHORST P.Building philanthropic and social capital:the work of community foundations.Washington D C:Brookings Institution,2002:17.
[10] Charles Stewart Mott Foundation.Community foundations:rooted locally,growing globally.[EB/OL].(2013—12—20)[2018—05—28].http://www.mott.org/news/Publications Archive/Annual.
[11] 安贞街道举办安和社区公益基金会资源对接大厅启动仪式[EB/OL].[2018—05—26].http://mzj.bjchy.gov.cn/mzdt/jxfc/8a24f0df5da6da67015ebd85257902ba.html.
[12] 朝阳区安贞街道依托公益联盟构建服务型党组织建设新格局[EB/OL].[2018—05—26].http://www.bjshjs.gov.cn/2017/0726/6429.shtml.
[13] 北京市思诚朝阳门社区基金会简介[EB/OL].[2018—05—28].http://www.sichengfound.org/.
[2] GRADDY E,WANG L.Community foundation development and social capital[J].Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly,2009,38(3):392—412.
[3] 章敏敏,夏建中.社区基金会的运作模式及在我国的发展研究——基于深圳市社区基金会的调研[J].中州学刊,2014(12):65—69.
[4] 田蓉.从“准资源平台”迈向社区领导者——社区基金会功能三角在地化实践反思[J].河北学刊,2017(1):155—159.
[5] 徐宇珊.我国社区基金会的功能定位与实现路径——基于美国社区基金会与地方联合劝募经验的启发与借鉴[J].中国行政管理,2017(7):81—86.
[6] 徐家良.中国社区基金会关系建构与发展策略[J].社会科学辑刊,2017(2):58—64.
[7] 吴磊.“合法性—有效性”框架下社区基金会发展的影响因素分析——基于上海和深圳的案例[J].社会科学辑刊,2017(2):65—71.
[8] GUO C,LAI W.Community foundations in China:in search of identity?[J].Voluntas:International Journal of Voluntary & Nonprofit Organizations,2017(3) :1—17.
[9] FEURT S,EEANOR W S.An international perspective on the history,development and characteristics of community foundations[M]//WALLENHORST P.Building philanthropic and social capital:the work of community foundations.Washington D C:Brookings Institution,2002:17.
[10] Charles Stewart Mott Foundation.Community foundations:rooted locally,growing globally.[EB/OL].(2013—12—20)[2018—05—28].http://www.mott.org/news/Publications Archive/Annual.
[11] 安贞街道举办安和社区公益基金会资源对接大厅启动仪式[EB/OL].[2018—05—26].http://mzj.bjchy.gov.cn/mzdt/jxfc/8a24f0df5da6da67015ebd85257902ba.html.
[12] 朝阳区安贞街道依托公益联盟构建服务型党组织建设新格局[EB/OL].[2018—05—26].http://www.bjshjs.gov.cn/2017/0726/6429.shtml.
[13] 北京市思诚朝阳门社区基金会简介[EB/OL].[2018—05—28].http://www.sichengfound.org/.