不同施肥模式下苕溪流域水稻田和蔬菜地氮磷流失规律
|
摘要
采用田间径流池小区试验方法,在自然降水条件下,于2016—2017年连续2 a在余杭区对不同施肥模式下地表径流及氮磷流失特征进行田间实地监测。结果表明:年际间因降水原因导致氮素流失差异。不同施肥处理下,2016年和2017年水稻田的全氮流失量分别为12. 76～16. 97、15. 40～17. 60 kg·hm~(-2),蔬菜地的全氮流失量分别为23. 06～25. 72、18. 11～27. 93 kg·hm~(-2)。水稻田和蔬菜地的氮素流失均以硝态氮为主。不同施肥处理下,2016年和2017年水稻田全磷流失量分别为2. 36～2. 62、3. 57～4. 05 kg·hm~(-2)。不同施肥处理对水稻田和蔬菜地径流水中总磷浓度无显著影响。水稻田磷素流失以可溶态磷为主,蔬菜地磷素流失以颗粒态磷为主。相比水稻田,蔬菜地的氮素流失量更高,而磷素流失量更低。减氮施肥和有机肥替代可在保证产量的基础上降低7%～35%的总氮径流损失。
A continuous two-year field experiment with building runoff ponds on the typical paddy and vegetable lands in Tiaoxi basin was conducted to study the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss with surface runoff.The nitrogen loss was different between years due to the precipitation. The total nitrogen losses in 2016 and 2017 were 12. 76-16. 97,15. 40-17. 60 kg·hm~(-2),respectively,in paddy field,and were 23. 06~(-2)5. 72,18. 11~(-2)7. 93 kg·hm~(-2),respectively,in vegetable field. The total nitrogen loss was mainly in NO3--N state in both paddy field and vegetable field. The total phosphorus losses in 2016 and 2017 were 2. 36~(-2). 62,3. 57-4. 05 kg·hm~(-2),respectively,in paddy field. Compared with the conventional fertilization,nitrogen reduction or organic fertilizer did not significantly influence the phosphorus loss. The total phosphorus loss was mainly in soluble phosphorus state in paddy field,whereas it was the particle phosphorus state in vegetable field. The total nitrogen losses were higher in vegetable fields than that in paddy fields,but the total phosphorus losses were the opposite. The fertilizer reduction or organic fertilizer treatments decreased the N loss loading by 7%-35% as compared to the conventional treatment,yet maintained the yield.
A continuous two-year field experiment with building runoff ponds on the typical paddy and vegetable lands in Tiaoxi basin was conducted to study the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss with surface runoff.The nitrogen loss was different between years due to the precipitation. The total nitrogen losses in 2016 and 2017 were 12. 76-16. 97,15. 40-17. 60 kg·hm~(-2),respectively,in paddy field,and were 23. 06~(-2)5. 72,18. 11~(-2)7. 93 kg·hm~(-2),respectively,in vegetable field. The total nitrogen loss was mainly in NO3--N state in both paddy field and vegetable field. The total phosphorus losses in 2016 and 2017 were 2. 36~(-2). 62,3. 57-4. 05 kg·hm~(-2),respectively,in paddy field. Compared with the conventional fertilization,nitrogen reduction or organic fertilizer did not significantly influence the phosphorus loss. The total phosphorus loss was mainly in soluble phosphorus state in paddy field,whereas it was the particle phosphorus state in vegetable field. The total nitrogen losses were higher in vegetable fields than that in paddy fields,but the total phosphorus losses were the opposite. The fertilizer reduction or organic fertilizer treatments decreased the N loss loading by 7%-35% as compared to the conventional treatment,yet maintained the yield.
引文
[1]杨哲,钟晓辉,次新波,等.苕溪污染物入湖通量研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2013,40(2):196-200.YANG Z,ZHONG X H,CI X B,et al.Research on pollutant discharge loads from Tiaoxi to Taihu[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),2013,40(2):196-200.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]陶春,高明,徐畅,等.农业面源污染影响因子及控制技术的研究现状与展望[J].土壤,2010,42(3):336-343.TAO C,GAO M,XU C,et al.Research status and prospect on influential factors and control technology of agricultural nonpoint source pollution:a review[J].Soils,2010,42(3):336-343.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]赵广举,田鹏,穆兴民,等.基于PCRaster的流域非点源氮磷负荷估算[J].水科学进展,2012,23(1):80-86.ZHAO G J,TIAN P,MU X M,et al.Estimation of nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the Xitiaoxi catchment using PCRaster software[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(1):80-86.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]高斌,许有鹏,王强,等.太湖平原地区不同土地利用类型对水质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(6):1186-1191.GAO B,XU Y P,WANG Q,et al.Effects of land use changes on water quality of the plain area in Taihu Basin[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(6):1186-1191.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]王敬,张金波,蔡祖聪.太湖地区稻麦轮作农田改葡萄园对土壤氮转化过程的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):166-176.WANG J,ZHANG J B,CAI Z C.Effects of conversion of paddy field into vineyard on soil nitrogen transformation in the Taihu Lake Region of China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(1):166-176.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]杨林章,冯彦房,施卫明,等.我国农业面源污染治理技术研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(1):96-101.YANG L Z,FENG Y F,SHI W M,et al.Review of the advances and development trends in agricultural non-point source pollution control in China[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(1):96-101.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]郭智,肖敏,陈留根,等.稻田径流侵蚀泥沙对磷素流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):63-67.GUO Z,XIAO M,CHEN L G,et al.Effect of erosive soil by surface runoff on phosphorus loss in the paddy field[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(5):63-67.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]刘红江,郭智,郑建初,等.太湖地区氮肥减量对水稻产量和氮素流失的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(3):713-718.LIU H J,GUO Z,ZHENG J C,et al.Effects of nitrogen reduction on rice yield and nitrogen loss in Taihu area[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(3):713-718.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]林大义.土壤学实验指导[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[11]杨俐苹,白由路,王磊,等.基于土壤有效磷(Olsen法)分析的高效测试技术研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(3):87-91YANG L P,BAI Y L,WANG L,et al.Study on the method of determining available phosphorus(Olsen-P)with high testing efficiency[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2011(3):87-91.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]李华,傅庆林,林义成,等.农业废弃物育苗基质对红叶石楠氮磷径流流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):73-76.LI H,FU Q L,LIN Y C,et al.Effects of nursery substrate with agricultural wastes on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff during the growth of Photinia frasery[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(4):73-76.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]吴俊,樊剑波,何园球,等.不同减量施肥条件下稻田田面水氮素动态变化及径流损失研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(9):1561-1566.WU J,FAN J B,HE Y Q,et al.Dynamics of nitrogen and runoff loss in ponding water of paddy field under different fertilization practices[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012,21(9):1561-1566.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]陈秋会,席运官,王磊,等.太湖地区稻麦轮作农田有机和常规种植模式下氮磷径流流失特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(8):1550-1558.CHEN Q H,XI Y G,WANG L,et al.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses in organic and conventional rice-wheat rotation farm-land in Taihu Lake Region[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(8):1550-1558.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]谢真越,卓慕宁,李定强,等.不同施肥水平下菜地径流氮磷流失特征[J].生态环境学报,2013(8):1423-1427.XIE Z Y,ZHUO M N,LI D Q,et al.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss by runoff from vegetable fields under different fertilization levels[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2013(8):1423-1427.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]宁建凤,徐培智,杨少海,等.有机无机肥配施对菜地土壤氮素径流流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):17-21.NING J F,XU P Z,YANG S H,et al.Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on soil nitrogen runoff in vegetable field[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(3):17-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]段小丽,范先鹏,张富林,等.湖北省稻田地表径流氮磷养分流失规律初探[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(18):3953-3957.DUAN X L,FAN X P,ZHANG F L,et al.Regular pattern of nitrogen and phosphorus losses in rice field of Hubei Province[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2012,51(18):3953-3957.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]岳玉波,沙之敏,赵峥,等.不同水稻种植模式对氮磷流失特征的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(12):1424-1432.YUE Y B,SHA Z M,ZHAO Z,et al.Effects of rice cultivation patterns on nitrogen and phosphorus leaching and runoff losses[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2014,22(12):1424-1432.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]冯轲,田晓燕,王莉霞,等.化肥配施生物炭对稻田田面水氮磷流失风险影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(2):329-335.FENG K,TIAN X Y,WANG L X,et al.Influence of combined synthetic fertilizer and biochar applications on nitrogen and phosphorus losses from surface water of paddy field[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(2):329-335.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]李国栋,胡正义,杨林章,等.太湖典型菜地土壤氮磷向水体径流输出与生态草带拦截控制[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(8):905-910.LI G D,HU Z Y,YANG L Z,et al.Soil nitrogen and phosphorus losses with surface runoff from typical vegetable field of Taihu Lake region and their control with grass buffer strip[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2006,25(8):905-910.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]黄宗楚,郑祥民,姚春霞.上海旱地农田氮磷随地表径流流失研究[J].云南地理环境研究,2007,19(1):6-10.HUANG Z C,ZHENG X M,YAO C X.The study of nonirrigated farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss with surface runoff in Shanghai[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,2007,19(1):6-10.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]王春梅,蒋治国,赵言文.太湖流域典型蔬菜地地表径流氮磷流失[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):36-40.WANG C M,JIANG Z G,ZHAO Y W.Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff in the typical vegetable fields in Tai Lake Basin[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(4):36-40.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]李盟军,姚建武,王荣辉,等.不同养分管理措施下常年菜地蔬菜生长及氮素径流特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1190-1199.LI M J,YAO J W,WANG R H,et al.Effects of different nutrition management on vegetable growth and runoff characteristics of soil nitrogen in perennial vegetable field[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(5):1190-1199.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]夏小江,胡清宇,朱利群,等.太湖地区稻田田面水氮磷动态特征及径流流失研究[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):21-25.XIA X J,HU Q Y,ZHU L Q,et al.Study on dynamic changes of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water of paddy field and runoff loss in Taihu Region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(4):21-25.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]向速林.赣江流域农田地表径流氮磷迁移与流失研究[J].生态环境学报,2013(7):1204-1207.XIANG S L.Nitrogen and phosphorus migration and loss of surface runoff in Ganjiang river watershed[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2013(7):1204-1207.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]章明奎,王阳,黄超.水网平原地区不同种植类型农田氮磷流失特征[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3211-3220.ZHANG M K,WANG Y,HUANG C.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses from croplands with different planting patterns in a riverine plain area of Zhejiang Province,East China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(12):3211-3220.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]梁新强,田光明,李华,等.天然降雨条件下水稻田氮磷径流流失特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(1):59-63.LIANG X Q,TIAN G M,LI H,et al.Study on characteristic of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from rice field by natural rainfall runoff[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,19(1):59-63.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]张丽娟,马中文,马友华,等.优化施肥和缓释肥对水稻田面水氮磷动态变化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):90-94.ZHANG L J,MA Z W,MA Y H,et al.Dynamic variation of nitrogen and phosphorus under optimize fertilization and slowrelease fertilizer in paddy field surface water[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(1):90-94.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]陶春,高明,徐畅,等.农业面源污染影响因子及控制技术的研究现状与展望[J].土壤,2010,42(3):336-343.TAO C,GAO M,XU C,et al.Research status and prospect on influential factors and control technology of agricultural nonpoint source pollution:a review[J].Soils,2010,42(3):336-343.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]赵广举,田鹏,穆兴民,等.基于PCRaster的流域非点源氮磷负荷估算[J].水科学进展,2012,23(1):80-86.ZHAO G J,TIAN P,MU X M,et al.Estimation of nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the Xitiaoxi catchment using PCRaster software[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(1):80-86.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]高斌,许有鹏,王强,等.太湖平原地区不同土地利用类型对水质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(6):1186-1191.GAO B,XU Y P,WANG Q,et al.Effects of land use changes on water quality of the plain area in Taihu Basin[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(6):1186-1191.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]王敬,张金波,蔡祖聪.太湖地区稻麦轮作农田改葡萄园对土壤氮转化过程的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):166-176.WANG J,ZHANG J B,CAI Z C.Effects of conversion of paddy field into vineyard on soil nitrogen transformation in the Taihu Lake Region of China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(1):166-176.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]杨林章,冯彦房,施卫明,等.我国农业面源污染治理技术研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(1):96-101.YANG L Z,FENG Y F,SHI W M,et al.Review of the advances and development trends in agricultural non-point source pollution control in China[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(1):96-101.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]郭智,肖敏,陈留根,等.稻田径流侵蚀泥沙对磷素流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):63-67.GUO Z,XIAO M,CHEN L G,et al.Effect of erosive soil by surface runoff on phosphorus loss in the paddy field[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(5):63-67.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]刘红江,郭智,郑建初,等.太湖地区氮肥减量对水稻产量和氮素流失的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(3):713-718.LIU H J,GUO Z,ZHENG J C,et al.Effects of nitrogen reduction on rice yield and nitrogen loss in Taihu area[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(3):713-718.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]林大义.土壤学实验指导[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[11]杨俐苹,白由路,王磊,等.基于土壤有效磷(Olsen法)分析的高效测试技术研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(3):87-91YANG L P,BAI Y L,WANG L,et al.Study on the method of determining available phosphorus(Olsen-P)with high testing efficiency[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2011(3):87-91.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]李华,傅庆林,林义成,等.农业废弃物育苗基质对红叶石楠氮磷径流流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):73-76.LI H,FU Q L,LIN Y C,et al.Effects of nursery substrate with agricultural wastes on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff during the growth of Photinia frasery[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(4):73-76.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]吴俊,樊剑波,何园球,等.不同减量施肥条件下稻田田面水氮素动态变化及径流损失研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(9):1561-1566.WU J,FAN J B,HE Y Q,et al.Dynamics of nitrogen and runoff loss in ponding water of paddy field under different fertilization practices[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012,21(9):1561-1566.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]陈秋会,席运官,王磊,等.太湖地区稻麦轮作农田有机和常规种植模式下氮磷径流流失特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(8):1550-1558.CHEN Q H,XI Y G,WANG L,et al.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses in organic and conventional rice-wheat rotation farm-land in Taihu Lake Region[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(8):1550-1558.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]谢真越,卓慕宁,李定强,等.不同施肥水平下菜地径流氮磷流失特征[J].生态环境学报,2013(8):1423-1427.XIE Z Y,ZHUO M N,LI D Q,et al.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss by runoff from vegetable fields under different fertilization levels[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2013(8):1423-1427.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]宁建凤,徐培智,杨少海,等.有机无机肥配施对菜地土壤氮素径流流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):17-21.NING J F,XU P Z,YANG S H,et al.Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on soil nitrogen runoff in vegetable field[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(3):17-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]段小丽,范先鹏,张富林,等.湖北省稻田地表径流氮磷养分流失规律初探[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(18):3953-3957.DUAN X L,FAN X P,ZHANG F L,et al.Regular pattern of nitrogen and phosphorus losses in rice field of Hubei Province[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2012,51(18):3953-3957.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]岳玉波,沙之敏,赵峥,等.不同水稻种植模式对氮磷流失特征的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(12):1424-1432.YUE Y B,SHA Z M,ZHAO Z,et al.Effects of rice cultivation patterns on nitrogen and phosphorus leaching and runoff losses[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2014,22(12):1424-1432.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]冯轲,田晓燕,王莉霞,等.化肥配施生物炭对稻田田面水氮磷流失风险影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(2):329-335.FENG K,TIAN X Y,WANG L X,et al.Influence of combined synthetic fertilizer and biochar applications on nitrogen and phosphorus losses from surface water of paddy field[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(2):329-335.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]李国栋,胡正义,杨林章,等.太湖典型菜地土壤氮磷向水体径流输出与生态草带拦截控制[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(8):905-910.LI G D,HU Z Y,YANG L Z,et al.Soil nitrogen and phosphorus losses with surface runoff from typical vegetable field of Taihu Lake region and their control with grass buffer strip[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2006,25(8):905-910.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]黄宗楚,郑祥民,姚春霞.上海旱地农田氮磷随地表径流流失研究[J].云南地理环境研究,2007,19(1):6-10.HUANG Z C,ZHENG X M,YAO C X.The study of nonirrigated farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss with surface runoff in Shanghai[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,2007,19(1):6-10.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]王春梅,蒋治国,赵言文.太湖流域典型蔬菜地地表径流氮磷流失[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):36-40.WANG C M,JIANG Z G,ZHAO Y W.Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff in the typical vegetable fields in Tai Lake Basin[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(4):36-40.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]李盟军,姚建武,王荣辉,等.不同养分管理措施下常年菜地蔬菜生长及氮素径流特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1190-1199.LI M J,YAO J W,WANG R H,et al.Effects of different nutrition management on vegetable growth and runoff characteristics of soil nitrogen in perennial vegetable field[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(5):1190-1199.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]夏小江,胡清宇,朱利群,等.太湖地区稻田田面水氮磷动态特征及径流流失研究[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):21-25.XIA X J,HU Q Y,ZHU L Q,et al.Study on dynamic changes of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water of paddy field and runoff loss in Taihu Region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(4):21-25.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]向速林.赣江流域农田地表径流氮磷迁移与流失研究[J].生态环境学报,2013(7):1204-1207.XIANG S L.Nitrogen and phosphorus migration and loss of surface runoff in Ganjiang river watershed[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2013(7):1204-1207.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]章明奎,王阳,黄超.水网平原地区不同种植类型农田氮磷流失特征[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3211-3220.ZHANG M K,WANG Y,HUANG C.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses from croplands with different planting patterns in a riverine plain area of Zhejiang Province,East China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(12):3211-3220.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]梁新强,田光明,李华,等.天然降雨条件下水稻田氮磷径流流失特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(1):59-63.LIANG X Q,TIAN G M,LI H,et al.Study on characteristic of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from rice field by natural rainfall runoff[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,19(1):59-63.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]张丽娟,马中文,马友华,等.优化施肥和缓释肥对水稻田面水氮磷动态变化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):90-94.ZHANG L J,MA Z W,MA Y H,et al.Dynamic variation of nitrogen and phosphorus under optimize fertilization and slowrelease fertilizer in paddy field surface water[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(1):90-94.(in Chinese with English abstract)
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |