人工养殖云南盘鮈成鱼性腺发育及周年变化
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摘要
采用常规解剖学和组织学方法,研究人工养殖条件下云南盘鮈(Discogobio yunnanensis)成鱼性腺发育及周年变化情况,为其全人工化繁殖提供基础资料。实验时间为2016年6月至2017年6月,每月中旬解剖成鱼取性腺,雌雄各5～8尾,活体状态下测量常规生物学数据,解剖后肉眼观察性别及性腺发育情况,并记录色泽等其他外形特征。取性腺称重并测量其长度和宽度,计算其性腺成熟系数(GSI),观察其性腺发育状况。结果表明,云南盘鮈在人工养殖条件下可以性成熟,并能繁殖后代。卵巢发育可分为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ期,Ⅱ期卵巢持续时间最长(6-11月),11月开始出现Ⅲ期卵巢,12月主要为Ⅱ、Ⅲ期卵巢,次年1-3月主要为Ⅲ期卵巢,4-5月主要为Ⅳ期卵巢,5月底达到Ⅴ期即成熟期,排卵后进入短暂的Ⅵ期,后迅速退化至Ⅱ期。本实验没有观察到Ⅰ期性腺。云南盘鮈精巢发育也可分为5期。6-12月主要为Ⅱ期精巢,12月开始出现Ⅲ期精巢,以Ⅱ、Ⅲ期精巢过冬;次年1-3月主要为Ⅲ期精巢,含少量Ⅱ、Ⅳ期精巢,4月主要为Ⅳ、Ⅴ期精巢,5月全为Ⅴ期精巢,6月则以Ⅱ期精巢为主,含少量Ⅴ、Ⅵ期精巢。云南盘鮈卵巢成熟系数为1%～18%,精巢成熟系数为0.2%～8.0%;性腺成熟系数在4-6月出现一次高峰,成熟系数变化趋势与周年变化一致,说明云南盘鮈为一次产卵类型鱼类,且繁殖期集中在5月底至6月初。
Discogobio yunnanensis is primarily distributed in the Daning, Yujiang, Nanpan and lower reaches of the Jinsha and Yagong Rivers. The dramatic decline of wild D. yunnanensis populations makes artificial breeding and culture research necessary. In this study, the annual cycle of gonad development of cultured D. yunnanensis adults was observed using anatomical and histological methods, aiming to provide basic data for artificial reproduction of D. yunnanensis. D. yunnanensis were collected from Daning River, with females averaging(17.04±4.18) g,(10.29±1.29) cm, 4-6 yr and males averaging(7.06±2.01) g,(7.44±0.89) cm and 3-6 yr. The test fish were maintained in a circulating water system with average conditions as follows: dissolved oxygen,(7.59±0.03) mg/L; pH,(7.98±0.79); water temperature,(17.5±1.5)℃ and a light to dark ratio of 14∶10. From June 2016 to June 2017, 5-8 male and female individuals were selected each mid-month for determination of biological parameters. The fish were dissected to observe gonad development and the gonadosomatic index(GSI) for each female and male was calculated based on measurements of gonad weight, length and width. Results demonstrate that D. yunnanensis can fully mature and reproduce under culture conditions. The ovary development of female D. yunnanensis adults were divided into five stages(stage Ⅵ) as stage Ⅰ was not observed in this study. Stage Ⅱ was the longest, lasting from June to November. Stage Ⅲ began in November and lasted to the following March. The ovary developed to stage Ⅳ in April and reached maturity in late May(stage Ⅴ). After ovulation, the ovary developed to stage Ⅵ for a short period and then rapidly degenerated to stage Ⅱ. Sperm development in male D. yunnanensis was also divided into five stages. Stage Ⅱ lasted from June to December, and stage Ⅲ began in late December. Sperm was at stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ during winter and, from January to March, the sperm was mainly at stage Ⅲ with a few individuals at stage Ⅱ or Ⅳ. The sperm developed to stage Ⅳ in early April, and gradually developed to stage Ⅴ in late April. May is the reproductive period for D. yunnanensis and the sperm of all males was at stage Ⅴ. In June, after the reproductive period, most sperm degenerated to stage Ⅱ with a small number at stage Ⅴ or Ⅵ. The GSI of ovaries differed from 1% to 18% and the GSI of testes ranged from 0.2% to 8.0%. The GSI of D. yunnanensis adults peaked from April to June, and the trend of GSI was consistent with the annual change of the gonad development, indicating that D. yunnanensis spawns once a year, and the breeding season is from late May to early June.
Discogobio yunnanensis is primarily distributed in the Daning, Yujiang, Nanpan and lower reaches of the Jinsha and Yagong Rivers. The dramatic decline of wild D. yunnanensis populations makes artificial breeding and culture research necessary. In this study, the annual cycle of gonad development of cultured D. yunnanensis adults was observed using anatomical and histological methods, aiming to provide basic data for artificial reproduction of D. yunnanensis. D. yunnanensis were collected from Daning River, with females averaging(17.04±4.18) g,(10.29±1.29) cm, 4-6 yr and males averaging(7.06±2.01) g,(7.44±0.89) cm and 3-6 yr. The test fish were maintained in a circulating water system with average conditions as follows: dissolved oxygen,(7.59±0.03) mg/L; pH,(7.98±0.79); water temperature,(17.5±1.5)℃ and a light to dark ratio of 14∶10. From June 2016 to June 2017, 5-8 male and female individuals were selected each mid-month for determination of biological parameters. The fish were dissected to observe gonad development and the gonadosomatic index(GSI) for each female and male was calculated based on measurements of gonad weight, length and width. Results demonstrate that D. yunnanensis can fully mature and reproduce under culture conditions. The ovary development of female D. yunnanensis adults were divided into five stages(stage Ⅵ) as stage Ⅰ was not observed in this study. Stage Ⅱ was the longest, lasting from June to November. Stage Ⅲ began in November and lasted to the following March. The ovary developed to stage Ⅳ in April and reached maturity in late May(stage Ⅴ). After ovulation, the ovary developed to stage Ⅵ for a short period and then rapidly degenerated to stage Ⅱ. Sperm development in male D. yunnanensis was also divided into five stages. Stage Ⅱ lasted from June to December, and stage Ⅲ began in late December. Sperm was at stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ during winter and, from January to March, the sperm was mainly at stage Ⅲ with a few individuals at stage Ⅱ or Ⅳ. The sperm developed to stage Ⅳ in early April, and gradually developed to stage Ⅴ in late April. May is the reproductive period for D. yunnanensis and the sperm of all males was at stage Ⅴ. In June, after the reproductive period, most sperm degenerated to stage Ⅱ with a small number at stage Ⅴ or Ⅵ. The GSI of ovaries differed from 1% to 18% and the GSI of testes ranged from 0.2% to 8.0%. The GSI of D. yunnanensis adults peaked from April to June, and the trend of GSI was consistent with the annual change of the gonad development, indicating that D. yunnanensis spawns once a year, and the breeding season is from late May to early June.
引文
丁瑞华,1994.四川鱼类志[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社:360-362.
耿相昌,2010.大宁河鱼类资源现状及云南盘鮈生物学初步研究[D].重庆:西南大学.
郭丽丽,严云志,席贻龙,2008.黄山浦溪河光唇鱼的性腺发育周年变化[J].淡水渔业,38(6):8-13.
黄福江,马秀慧,叶超,等,2013.中国结鱼性腺发育的组织学观察[J].四川动物,32(3):406-409.
林鼎,林浩然,1984.鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究:鳗鲡性腺发育组织学和细胞学研究[J].水生生物集刊,(2):157-170.
刘筠,1993.中国养殖鱼类繁殖生理学[M].北京:农业出版社:22-41.
蒲德成,苏胜齐,姚维志,等,2015.云南盘鮈肌肉营养成分分析与营养评价[J].食品科学,36(10):129-133.
孙帼英,1985.大银鱼卵巢的成熟期和产卵类型[J].水产学报,9(4):363-368.
王腾飞,张鼎元,郭春阳,等,2017.养殖银鲳性腺发育规律和性类固醇激素变化[J].水产学报,41(2):198-211.
王志坚,2011.大宁河贝氏高原鳅繁殖生物学及血液学研究[D].重庆:西南大学:18-27.
徐钢春,聂志娟,张呈祥,等,2012.刀鲚精巢发育的组织学研究[J].华中农业大学学报:自然科学版,31(2):247-252.
徐钢春,张呈祥,聂志娟,等,2014.似刺鳊鮈的性腺发育组织学观察[J].淡水渔业,44(1):26-31.
徐革锋,2006.细鳞鱼卵巢发育及卵子发生[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学:40-46.
晏正碧,刘安洪,王志坚,2008.云南盘鮈繁殖力初步研究[C].中国鱼类学会2008学术研讨会论文摘要汇编.
杨家云,2005.瓦氏黄颡鱼精巢发育及精子生物学研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),30(4):719-724.
杨艳平,温海深,何峰,等,2010.许氏平鮋精巢的形态结构与发育组织学[J].大连海洋大学学报,25(5):391-396.
张耀光,罗泉笙,1993.长吻鮠精巢及精子结构的研究[J].水生生物学报,17(3):246-251.
张耀光,罗泉笙,1997.长吻鮠的卵巢发育和周年变化及繁殖习性研究[J].动物学研究,15(2):42-48.
赵健蓉,解崇友,蔡瑞钰,等,2017.云南盘鮈人工繁殖及胚胎发育初步观察[J].南方水产科学,13(5):124- 128.
郑小真,林丹军,尤永隆,2000.性成熟黄颡鱼Pseudobugrus fulvidraco(Richardson)精巢的年周期变化Ⅰ:生精部的周年变化[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),16(2):97-187.
Grier H J,Linton J R,Leatherland J F,et al,1980.Structural evidence for two different testicular types in teleost fishes[J].American Journal of Anatomy,159(3):331-345.
耿相昌,2010.大宁河鱼类资源现状及云南盘鮈生物学初步研究[D].重庆:西南大学.
郭丽丽,严云志,席贻龙,2008.黄山浦溪河光唇鱼的性腺发育周年变化[J].淡水渔业,38(6):8-13.
黄福江,马秀慧,叶超,等,2013.中国结鱼性腺发育的组织学观察[J].四川动物,32(3):406-409.
林鼎,林浩然,1984.鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究:鳗鲡性腺发育组织学和细胞学研究[J].水生生物集刊,(2):157-170.
刘筠,1993.中国养殖鱼类繁殖生理学[M].北京:农业出版社:22-41.
蒲德成,苏胜齐,姚维志,等,2015.云南盘鮈肌肉营养成分分析与营养评价[J].食品科学,36(10):129-133.
孙帼英,1985.大银鱼卵巢的成熟期和产卵类型[J].水产学报,9(4):363-368.
王腾飞,张鼎元,郭春阳,等,2017.养殖银鲳性腺发育规律和性类固醇激素变化[J].水产学报,41(2):198-211.
王志坚,2011.大宁河贝氏高原鳅繁殖生物学及血液学研究[D].重庆:西南大学:18-27.
徐钢春,聂志娟,张呈祥,等,2012.刀鲚精巢发育的组织学研究[J].华中农业大学学报:自然科学版,31(2):247-252.
徐钢春,张呈祥,聂志娟,等,2014.似刺鳊鮈的性腺发育组织学观察[J].淡水渔业,44(1):26-31.
徐革锋,2006.细鳞鱼卵巢发育及卵子发生[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学:40-46.
晏正碧,刘安洪,王志坚,2008.云南盘鮈繁殖力初步研究[C].中国鱼类学会2008学术研讨会论文摘要汇编.
杨家云,2005.瓦氏黄颡鱼精巢发育及精子生物学研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),30(4):719-724.
杨艳平,温海深,何峰,等,2010.许氏平鮋精巢的形态结构与发育组织学[J].大连海洋大学学报,25(5):391-396.
张耀光,罗泉笙,1993.长吻鮠精巢及精子结构的研究[J].水生生物学报,17(3):246-251.
张耀光,罗泉笙,1997.长吻鮠的卵巢发育和周年变化及繁殖习性研究[J].动物学研究,15(2):42-48.
赵健蓉,解崇友,蔡瑞钰,等,2017.云南盘鮈人工繁殖及胚胎发育初步观察[J].南方水产科学,13(5):124- 128.
郑小真,林丹军,尤永隆,2000.性成熟黄颡鱼Pseudobugrus fulvidraco(Richardson)精巢的年周期变化Ⅰ:生精部的周年变化[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),16(2):97-187.
Grier H J,Linton J R,Leatherland J F,et al,1980.Structural evidence for two different testicular types in teleost fishes[J].American Journal of Anatomy,159(3):331-345.
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