两种气候条件下梯度有机质含量农田黑土纤维素酶和β-葡糖苷酶活性研究
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摘要
利用空间移位的方法将5种有机质含量的农田黑土置于中温带大陆性季风气候(MAT4. 5)和寒温带大陆性季风气候(MAT1. 5)条件下,探究了气候-有机质-施肥对土壤纤维素酶活性和β-葡糖苷酶活性的影响。结果表明:在MAT4. 5条件下农田黑土中纤维素酶活性要高于MAT1. 5;随有机质含量升高,纤维素酶活性在MAT4. 5条件下呈逐渐降低的趋势;施肥能明显提高纤维素酶活性,且在MAT4. 5条件下增加幅度较大,而在MAT1. 5条件下却呈现出"U"型变化趋势。MAT4. 5条件下β-葡糖苷酶活性略高于MAT1. 5条件下的活性,其活性均随着土壤有机质含量升高而增强;施肥能提高各有机质含量农田黑土中β-葡糖苷酶活性,在MAT1. 5条件下提升幅度较大。方差分析表明气候-有机质-施肥的主效应对土壤纤维素酶与β-葡糖苷酶活性均有显著影响,但是交互作用只对纤维素酶整体活性有显著影响。
In this study, five Mollisols with different soil organic matter( SOM) contents were moved into two climate zones( MAT4. 5,warmer climate; and MAT1. 5,colder climate) by spatial transplanting. The effects of climate,SOM and fertilization on cellulase and β-glucosidase activities were investigated. The results showed that both warmer climate and fertilization could enhance cellulase activity; the activity decreased with the increasing SOM in the warmer climate but changed as "U"in the colder climate;while the β-glucosidase activity increased with the increasing SOM in two climate conditions and two fertilization treatments. Although fertilization could enhance β-glucosidase activity,the increasing rates were higher in the colder climate. Warmer climate also increased β-glucosidase activity,especially in the no fertilization treatment. The climate,soil organic matter contents and fertilization could significantly influence cellulase and β-glucosidase activities,however,the interactions among/between them could significantly affect the cellulase activity only.
In this study, five Mollisols with different soil organic matter( SOM) contents were moved into two climate zones( MAT4. 5,warmer climate; and MAT1. 5,colder climate) by spatial transplanting. The effects of climate,SOM and fertilization on cellulase and β-glucosidase activities were investigated. The results showed that both warmer climate and fertilization could enhance cellulase activity; the activity decreased with the increasing SOM in the warmer climate but changed as "U"in the colder climate;while the β-glucosidase activity increased with the increasing SOM in two climate conditions and two fertilization treatments. Although fertilization could enhance β-glucosidase activity,the increasing rates were higher in the colder climate. Warmer climate also increased β-glucosidase activity,especially in the no fertilization treatment. The climate,soil organic matter contents and fertilization could significantly influence cellulase and β-glucosidase activities,however,the interactions among/between them could significantly affect the cellulase activity only.
引文
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[24]HORWATH W,PAUL E A.Carbon cycling:the dynamics and formation of organic matter[J].Soil Microbiology,Ecology,and Biochemistry,2015:339-382.
[25]MUTHUKRISHNAN S.Optimization and production of industrial important cellulase enzyme from Penicillium citrinum in Western Ghats of Sathuragiri Hills soil sample isolate[J].Universal Journal of Microbiology Research,2017,5(1):7-16.
[26]PARHAM J A,DENG S P,DA H N,et al.Long-term cattle manure application in soil.II.Effect on soil microbial populations and community structure[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2003,38(4):209-215.
[27]WANG H,NIE Y,BUTTERLY C R,et al.Fertilization alters microbial community composition and functional patterns by changing the chemical nature of soil organic carbon:A field study in a Halosol[J],Geoderma,2017,292:17-24.
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[29]CONN C,DIGHTON J.Litter quality influences on decomposition,ectomycorrhizal community structure and mycorrhizal root surface acid phosphatase activity[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2000,32(4):489-496.
[2]TURNER B L,HOPKINS D W,HAYGARTH P M,et al.β-Glucosidase activity in pasture soils[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2002,20(2):157-162.
[3]KUMAR M,KHANNA S.Shift in microbial population in response to crystalline cellulose degradation during enrichment with a semi-desert soil[J].International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation,2014,88:134-141.
[4]SHUKLA G,VARMA A.Soil enzymology[M].Springer Science and Business Media,2010.
[5]SARDANS J,PEUELAS J,ESTIARTE M.Changes in soil enzymes related to C and N cycle and in soil C and N content under prolonged warming and drought in a Mediterranean shrubland[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2008,39(2):223-235.
[6]BALDRIAN P,S~NAJDR J,MERHAUTOVV,et al.Responses of the extracellular enzyme activities in hardwood forest to soil temperature and seasonality and the potential effects of climate change[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,56:60-68.
[7]SINSABAUGH R,LAUBER C L,WEINTRAUB M N,et al.Stoichiometry of soil enzyme activity at global scale[J].Ecology Letters,2008,11(11):1252-1264.
[8]BHME L,LANGER U,BHME F.Microbial biomass,enzyme activities and microbial community structure in two European long-term field experiments[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2005,109(1):141-152.
[9]LI J,COOPER J M,LIN Z,et al.Soil microbial community structure and function are significantly affected by long-term organic and mineral fertilization regimes in the North China Plain[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2015,96:75-87.
[10]SAHA S,PRAKASH V,KUNDU S,et al.Soil enzymatic activity as affected by long term application of farm yard manure and mineral fertilizer under a rainfed soybean-wheat system in N-W Himalaya[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2008,44(3):309-315.
[11]LOOBY C I,TRESEDER K K.Shifts in soil fungi and extracellular enzyme activity with simulated climate change in a tropical montane cloud forest[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2018,117:87-96.
[12]ZHOU X,CHEN C,WANG Y,et al.Warming and increased precipitation have differential effects on soil extracellular enzyme activities in a temperate grassland[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,444:552-558.
[13]ALLISON S D,HANSON C A,TRESEDER K K.Nitrogen fertilization reduces diversity and alters community structure of active fungi in boreal ecosystems[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(8):1878-1887.
[14]AUSTIN E E,CASTRO H F,SIDES K E,et al.Assessment of 10 years of CO2fumigation on soil microbial communities and function in a sweetgum plantation[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(3):514-520.
[15]MCDANIEL M D,KAYE J P,KAYE M W.Increased temperature and precipitation had limited effects on soil extracellular enzyme activities in a post-harvest foresenent[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,56:90-98.
[16]丁少男，薛萐，刘国彬.施肥处理对黄土丘陵区农田土壤酶活性和水溶性有机碳、氮的影响[J].农业环境科学学报，2015,34(11):2146-2154.DING S N,XUE S,LIU G B.Effects of fertilization on soil enzyme activities and water-soluble organic carbon and nitrogen content in farmland on hilly loess plateau[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(11):2146-2154.
[17]李明松，张洪梅，朱平，等.不同施肥处理对农田黑土土壤酶活性的影响[J].玉米科学，2017(5):116-121.LI M S,ZHANG H M,ZHU P,et al.Effects of different fertilization treatments on farmland phaeozem soil enzyme activity[J].Maize Science,2017(5):116-121.
[18]ZHANG X,SUI Y,ZHANG X,et al.Spatial variability of nutrient properties in black soil of northeast china[J].Pedosphere,2007,17(1):19-29.
[19]YAKOVCHENKO V,SIKORA L J,KAUFMAN D D.A biologically based indicator of soil quality[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1996,21(4):245-251.
[20]陈心想，耿增超，王森，等.施用生物炭后塿土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征[J]．农业环境科学学报，2014(4):751-758.CHEN X X,GENG Z C,WANG S,et al.Effects of biochar amendment on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in Loess Soil[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(4):751-758.
[21]刘远，潘根兴，张辉，等.大气CO2浓度和温度升高对麦田土壤呼吸和酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报，2017(8):1484-1491.LIU Y,PAN G X,ZHANG H,et al.Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2concentration and temperature on soil respiration and enzyme activity in a wheat field[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(8):1484-1491.
[22]TABATABAI M A.Soil enzymes[J].Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology,1994.
[23]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社，1986.GUAN S Y.Methods of soil enzymology[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1986.
[24]HORWATH W,PAUL E A.Carbon cycling:the dynamics and formation of organic matter[J].Soil Microbiology,Ecology,and Biochemistry,2015:339-382.
[25]MUTHUKRISHNAN S.Optimization and production of industrial important cellulase enzyme from Penicillium citrinum in Western Ghats of Sathuragiri Hills soil sample isolate[J].Universal Journal of Microbiology Research,2017,5(1):7-16.
[26]PARHAM J A,DENG S P,DA H N,et al.Long-term cattle manure application in soil.II.Effect on soil microbial populations and community structure[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2003,38(4):209-215.
[27]WANG H,NIE Y,BUTTERLY C R,et al.Fertilization alters microbial community composition and functional patterns by changing the chemical nature of soil organic carbon:A field study in a Halosol[J],Geoderma,2017,292:17-24.
[28]朱铭莪.土壤酶动力学及热力学[M].北京:科学出版社，2011.ZHU M E.Soil enzyme kinetics and thermodynamics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011.
[29]CONN C,DIGHTON J.Litter quality influences on decomposition,ectomycorrhizal community structure and mycorrhizal root surface acid phosphatase activity[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2000,32(4):489-496.
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