不同植物种植对矿区复垦土壤微生物多样性的影响
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摘要
利用16S rDNA及Biolog-ECO技术研究不同植物种植下矿区复垦土壤中微生物种属及代谢功能多样性特征,旨在为矿区复垦土壤质量提升与定向培育提供理论基础。结果表明:矿区复垦土壤中微生物多样性在属水平上丰度值较高的为假节杆菌属、芽球菌属、气微菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、类诺卡式属;种植大豆与玉米后,复垦土壤微生物属水平上丰度差异不大,而种植毛苕子、苜蓿与自然恢复下土壤微生物属水平上丰度差异较大;复垦土壤微生物代谢功能主要集中于氨基酸代谢与碳水化合物代谢,土壤中香农-维纳指数差异较大,顺序为毛苕子>苜蓿>玉米>大豆>自然恢复;影响矿区复垦土壤代谢功能的碳源主要有糖类中的D-木糖、β-甲基D-葡萄糖苷、葡萄糖-1-磷酸盐、D-纤维二糖,氨基酸类中的L-丝氨酸、L-精氨酸,酯类中的丙酮酸甲酯、D-半乳糖酸γ内酯,醇类中的D-甘露醇,胺类中的N-乙酰基-D-葡萄胺,酸类中的4-羟基苯甲酸、D-半乳糖醛酸。种植毛苕子有利于矿区复垦土壤微生物的碳代谢功能增强,而自然恢复下土壤碳代谢功能较差。总体来看,矿区复垦土壤中种植豆科作物毛苕子可以增加矿区复垦土壤微生物的物种多样性,提高微生物活性,增强微生物代谢功能多样性,使土壤向健康方向发展。
This study aimed to use 16 S rDNA and Biolog-ECO technologies to explore the levels of microbial genera and species and char?acteristics of metabolic functions under different plantations in the mining area in order to provide a theoretical basis for soil quality im?provement and targeted cultivation. The results showed that the genera Pseudarthrobacter, Blastococcus, Aeromicrobium, Sphinggomonas,and Nocardioides had higher abundances in reclaimed soil in the mining area. There was little difference in genus levels between soybean and corn, but there was great difference among hairy-vetch, alfalfa, and natural restoration. The microbial metabolic function was mainly concentrated on amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. The difference was quite great in the Shannon–Wiener index of soil microbial diversity, and was in the order of hairy-vetch>alfalfa>maize>soybean>natural restoration. The main carbon sources that affected the metabolic function in the mining area were D-xylose, β-methyl D-glucoside, glucose-1-phosphate, and D-fiber diose in sugars; L-ser?ine and L-arginine in amino acids; Methyl pyruvate and D-galactone in esters; D-mannitol in alcohols; N-acetyl-D-grapevine in amines;and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and D-galacturonic acid in acids. Planting hairy-vetch enhanced the carbon metabolism function of soil micro?organisms in the mining area, while natural restoration performed poorly in this regard. In conclusion, planting hairy-vetch in reclaimed soil could increase the microbial species diversity, microbial activity, microbial metabolic function diversity, and overall soil quality.
This study aimed to use 16 S rDNA and Biolog-ECO technologies to explore the levels of microbial genera and species and char?acteristics of metabolic functions under different plantations in the mining area in order to provide a theoretical basis for soil quality im?provement and targeted cultivation. The results showed that the genera Pseudarthrobacter, Blastococcus, Aeromicrobium, Sphinggomonas,and Nocardioides had higher abundances in reclaimed soil in the mining area. There was little difference in genus levels between soybean and corn, but there was great difference among hairy-vetch, alfalfa, and natural restoration. The microbial metabolic function was mainly concentrated on amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. The difference was quite great in the Shannon–Wiener index of soil microbial diversity, and was in the order of hairy-vetch>alfalfa>maize>soybean>natural restoration. The main carbon sources that affected the metabolic function in the mining area were D-xylose, β-methyl D-glucoside, glucose-1-phosphate, and D-fiber diose in sugars; L-ser?ine and L-arginine in amino acids; Methyl pyruvate and D-galactone in esters; D-mannitol in alcohols; N-acetyl-D-grapevine in amines;and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and D-galacturonic acid in acids. Planting hairy-vetch enhanced the carbon metabolism function of soil micro?organisms in the mining area, while natural restoration performed poorly in this regard. In conclusion, planting hairy-vetch in reclaimed soil could increase the microbial species diversity, microbial activity, microbial metabolic function diversity, and overall soil quality.
引文
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[7]梁素钰,李琳,杜倩,等.橡胶草种植前后土壤微生物细菌多样性研究(Ⅰ)——基础分析[J].安徽农业科学, 2014, 42(9):2563-2564, 2596.LIANG Su-yu, LI Lin, DU Qian, et al. Study on diversity of soil bacte?ria before and after planting Taraxacum kok-saghyz(Ⅰ):Basic analy?sis[J]. Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science, 2014, 42(9):2563-2564,2596.
[8]于镇华,元野,刘居东,等. Biolog-Eco解析垦殖与自然恢复黑土微生物群落代谢功能季节变化[J].土壤与作物, 2013, 2(3):2095-2961.YU Zhen-hua, YUAN Ye, LIU Ju-dong, et al. Seasonal variations of microbial community functional diversity in cultivated and natural re?stored mollisols using Biolog-Eco method[J]. Soil and Crop, 2013, 2(3):2095-2961.
[9]张轩.覆土厚度对矸石山复垦区土壤性质的影响研究[D].太原:山西大学, 2013.ZHANG Xuan. Effect of soil replacement depth on soil properties in re?claimed coal waste piles[D]. Taiyuan:Shanxi University, 2013.
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[11]刘国华,叶正芳,吴为中.土壤微生物群落多样性解析法:从培养到非培养[J].生态学报, 2012, 32(14):4421-4433.LIU Guo-hua, YE Zheng-fang, WU Wei-zhong. Culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches to studying soil microbial diver?sity[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(14):4421-4433.
[12]郑华,欧阳志云,方治国,等. BIOLOG在土壤微生物群落功能多样性研究中的应用[J].土壤学报, 2004, 41(3):456-461.ZHENG Hua, OUYANG Zhi-yun, FANG Zhi-guo, et al. Application of BIOLOG to study on soil microbial community functional diversity[J]. Acta Pedologca Sinica, 2004, 41(3):456-461.
[13]杨磊,王卫超,张凤华.开垦对土壤团聚体含量及微生物群落代谢多样性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2018, 36(5):215-223.YANG Lei, WANG Wei-chao, ZHANG Feng-hua. Effects of reclama?tionon content and microorganism community metabolic diversity of soil aggregates[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2018, 36(5):215-223.
[14]周庆伍,李红歌,李安军,等. Biolog ECO解析不同产地大曲微生物群落功能多样性特征[J].食品与发酵科技, 2014, 50(3):53-57.ZHOU Qing-wu, LI Hong-ge, LI An-jun, et al. Analysis of microbial community functional diversity in Daqu from different regions using Biolog-ECO method[J]. Food and Fermentation Technology, 2014, 50(3):53-57.
[15] Garland J L, Lehman R M. Dilution extinction of community pheno?typic characters to estimate relative structural diversity in mixed com?munities[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 1999, 30:333-343.
[16] Medeiros P M, Fernandes S F, Dick R P. Seasonal variations in sugar contents and microbial community in a rye grass soil[J]. Chemosphere,2006, 65(5):832-839.
[17]钟文辉,蔡祖聪.土壤微生物多样性研究方法[J].应用生态学报,2004, 15(5):899-904.ZHONG Wen-hui, CAI Zu-cong. Methods for studying soil microbial diversity[J] Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(5):899-904.
[18] Bronwyn D H, Raymond L C. Using the Gini coefficient with Biolog substrate utilization data to provide an alternative quantitative mea?sure for comparing bacterial soil communities[J]. Journal of Microbio?logical Methods, 1997, 30:91-101.
[19]张恩平,田悦悦,李猛,等.长期不同施肥对番茄根际土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报, 2018, 38(14):5027-5036.ZHANG En-ping, TIAN Yue-yue, LI Meng, et al. Effects of various long-term fertilization regimes on soil microbial functional diversity in tomato rhizosphere soil[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(14):5027-5036.
[2]刘胜洪,周玲艳,杨妙贤,等.十种耐逆植物在和平县稀土矿区生态修复中的应用[J].天津农业科学, 2013, 19(7):92-96.LIU Sheng-hong, ZHOU Ling-yan, YANG Miao-xian, et al. Applica?tion of ten stress tolerance plants in ecological restoration of rare earth mine of Heping County[J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,2013,19(7):92-96.
[3]谢英荷,洪坚平,金志南,等.山西矿区退化土地复垦途径的试验研究[J].自然资源学报, 1997, 7(20):18-24.XIE Ying-he, HONG Jian-ping, JIN Zhi-nan,et al. An experimental study of the reclamation ways of the deteriorated land in the mining ar?ea of Shanxi[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,1997, 7(20):18-24.
[4]王尚义,石琪,牛俊杰,等.煤矸石山不同植被恢复模式对土壤养分的影响——以山西省河东矿区1号煤矸石山为例[J].地理学报,2013, 68(3):372-379.WANG Shang-yi, SHI Qi, NIU Jun-jie, et al. Influence of vegetation restoration models on soil nutrient of coal gangue pile:A case study of No.1 coal cangue pile in Hedong, Shanxi[J]. Acta Geographica Since,2013, 68(3):372-379.
[5]王飞,秦方锦,王先挺,等.基于Micro RespTM不同施肥方式对土壤微生物群落的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(7):622-629.WANG Fei, QIN Fang-jin, WANG Xian-ting, et al. Study on effects of different fertilization regimes on soil microbial community based on Mi?cro RespTMmethod[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018, 34(7):622-629.
[6]孟庆杰,许艳丽,李春杰,等.不同植被覆盖对黑土微生物功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志, 2008, 27(7):1134-1140.MENG Qing-jie, XU Yan-li, LI Chun-jie, et al. Effects of different vegetation coverage on microbial functional diversity in black soil[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2008, 27(7):1134-1140.
[7]梁素钰,李琳,杜倩,等.橡胶草种植前后土壤微生物细菌多样性研究(Ⅰ)——基础分析[J].安徽农业科学, 2014, 42(9):2563-2564, 2596.LIANG Su-yu, LI Lin, DU Qian, et al. Study on diversity of soil bacte?ria before and after planting Taraxacum kok-saghyz(Ⅰ):Basic analy?sis[J]. Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science, 2014, 42(9):2563-2564,2596.
[8]于镇华,元野,刘居东,等. Biolog-Eco解析垦殖与自然恢复黑土微生物群落代谢功能季节变化[J].土壤与作物, 2013, 2(3):2095-2961.YU Zhen-hua, YUAN Ye, LIU Ju-dong, et al. Seasonal variations of microbial community functional diversity in cultivated and natural re?stored mollisols using Biolog-Eco method[J]. Soil and Crop, 2013, 2(3):2095-2961.
[9]张轩.覆土厚度对矸石山复垦区土壤性质的影响研究[D].太原:山西大学, 2013.ZHANG Xuan. Effect of soil replacement depth on soil properties in re?claimed coal waste piles[D]. Taiyuan:Shanxi University, 2013.
[10]杨永华,姚健,华晓梅.农药污染对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].微生物学杂志, 2000, 20(2):23-25.YANG Yong-hua, YAO Jian, HUA Xiao-mei. Effect of pesticide pol?lution against functional microbial diversity in soil[J]. Journal of Mi?crobiology, 2000, 20(2):23-25.
[11]刘国华,叶正芳,吴为中.土壤微生物群落多样性解析法:从培养到非培养[J].生态学报, 2012, 32(14):4421-4433.LIU Guo-hua, YE Zheng-fang, WU Wei-zhong. Culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches to studying soil microbial diver?sity[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(14):4421-4433.
[12]郑华,欧阳志云,方治国,等. BIOLOG在土壤微生物群落功能多样性研究中的应用[J].土壤学报, 2004, 41(3):456-461.ZHENG Hua, OUYANG Zhi-yun, FANG Zhi-guo, et al. Application of BIOLOG to study on soil microbial community functional diversity[J]. Acta Pedologca Sinica, 2004, 41(3):456-461.
[13]杨磊,王卫超,张凤华.开垦对土壤团聚体含量及微生物群落代谢多样性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2018, 36(5):215-223.YANG Lei, WANG Wei-chao, ZHANG Feng-hua. Effects of reclama?tionon content and microorganism community metabolic diversity of soil aggregates[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2018, 36(5):215-223.
[14]周庆伍,李红歌,李安军,等. Biolog ECO解析不同产地大曲微生物群落功能多样性特征[J].食品与发酵科技, 2014, 50(3):53-57.ZHOU Qing-wu, LI Hong-ge, LI An-jun, et al. Analysis of microbial community functional diversity in Daqu from different regions using Biolog-ECO method[J]. Food and Fermentation Technology, 2014, 50(3):53-57.
[15] Garland J L, Lehman R M. Dilution extinction of community pheno?typic characters to estimate relative structural diversity in mixed com?munities[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 1999, 30:333-343.
[16] Medeiros P M, Fernandes S F, Dick R P. Seasonal variations in sugar contents and microbial community in a rye grass soil[J]. Chemosphere,2006, 65(5):832-839.
[17]钟文辉,蔡祖聪.土壤微生物多样性研究方法[J].应用生态学报,2004, 15(5):899-904.ZHONG Wen-hui, CAI Zu-cong. Methods for studying soil microbial diversity[J] Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(5):899-904.
[18] Bronwyn D H, Raymond L C. Using the Gini coefficient with Biolog substrate utilization data to provide an alternative quantitative mea?sure for comparing bacterial soil communities[J]. Journal of Microbio?logical Methods, 1997, 30:91-101.
[19]张恩平,田悦悦,李猛,等.长期不同施肥对番茄根际土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报, 2018, 38(14):5027-5036.ZHANG En-ping, TIAN Yue-yue, LI Meng, et al. Effects of various long-term fertilization regimes on soil microbial functional diversity in tomato rhizosphere soil[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(14):5027-5036.