上海市交通路边空气污染特征研究
|
摘要
通过比较2015年上海市5个交通空气质量监测点与附近环境监测点的监测数据,分析该市交通路边空气污染特征。结果表明:上海市交通空气污染水平总体高于环境站点,特别是黑碳(BC)、非甲烷总烃(NMHC)和苯系物(BTX)等特征污染因子;常规污染物及BC和BTX等特征因子均表现为冬季高于夏季;交通站NOx浓度明显高于环境点位,早晚高峰非常明显;交通站点的BC和BTX日变化的早晚高峰趋势比环境站点更加显著。
The characteristics of air pollution by the roadside in Shanghai were analyzed according to the air quality data from 5 traffic monitoring sites and nearby sites during 2015. The results showed that air pollution in the traffic sites were overall more severe than that in the environment sites. Especially,black carbon( BC),NMHC and BTX were the specific pollution factors. The concentration of normal pollutants,BC,BTX ect. were higher in winter than that in summer. The concentration of NOxin the traffic sites were higher than that in the environment sites. Peak time appeared obviously in the morning and at evening. BC and BTX's diurnal variation and peak feature at rush time in traffic sites were more significant than that in the environment sites.
The characteristics of air pollution by the roadside in Shanghai were analyzed according to the air quality data from 5 traffic monitoring sites and nearby sites during 2015. The results showed that air pollution in the traffic sites were overall more severe than that in the environment sites. Especially,black carbon( BC),NMHC and BTX were the specific pollution factors. The concentration of normal pollutants,BC,BTX ect. were higher in winter than that in summer. The concentration of NOxin the traffic sites were higher than that in the environment sites. Peak time appeared obviously in the morning and at evening. BC and BTX's diurnal variation and peak feature at rush time in traffic sites were more significant than that in the environment sites.
引文
[1]刘登国,刘娟,黄伟民,等.基于交通信息的道路机动车排放NOx模拟研究[J].环境监测管理与技术,2016,28(3):15-19.
[2]洪盛茂,郑仙珏,沈建东,等.杭州市区霾和非霾天气下污染状况分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017,29(6):31-35.
[3] RATTIGAN O V,CIVEROLO K,DORAISWAMY P,et al. Long term black carbon measurements at two urban locations in New York[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2013,13:1181-1196.
[4] CARSLAW D C. Transport sources of primary nitrogen dioxide in London[J]. Kings College London,2005,15(1):55-57.
[5] SKOV H,HANSEN A B,LORENZEN G,et al. Benzene exposure and the effect of traffic pollution in Copenhagen,Denmark[J].Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(14):2463-2471.
[6] HILDEMANN L M,MARKOWSKI G R,JONES M C,et al. Submicrometer aerosol mass distributions of emissions from boilers,fireplaces,automobiles,diesel trucks,and meat-cooking operations[J]. Aerosol Science and Technology,1991,14(1):138-152.
[7] PEARSON R L,WACHTEL H,EBI K L. Distance-weighted traffic density in proximity to a home is a risk factor for leukemia and other childhood cancers[J]. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association,2000,50(2):175-180.
[8] RAMANATHAN V,CRUTZEN P J,MITRA A P,et al. The Indian Ocean experiment and the Asian brown cloud[J]. Current Science,2002,83(8):947-955.
[9]王合生,刘继明,陈国支.全面建立机动车排气污染监管体系探讨[J].环境监测管理与技术,2008,20(3):52-54.
[10]张俊刚,王跃思,吴方堃,等.北京市大气中BTEX工作日与非工作日的浓度变化[J].环境化学,2009,28(1):112-116.
[11]张爱东,郭明明,修光利.上海市交通干道空气中苯系物冬季污染特征初探[J].上海环境科学,2005,24(3):119-123.
[12]刘欢,贺克斌,王岐东.天津市机动车排放清单及影响要素研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,48(3):370-373.
[13]孙思思.南京市道路交通污染现状及特点[J].区域经济,2015(12):54-55.
[14]贾智海.青岛市交通干线附近细颗粒物污染特征分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2016,29(2):43-46.
[15]叶丛雷,谢品华,秦敏,等.广州市交通主干道空气中苯系物的测量[J].环境科学,2012,33(11):3718-3724.
[16]国家环境保护总局. HJ/T 193—2005环境空气质量自动监测技术规范[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005.
[17]叶贤满,徐昶,洪盛茂,等.杭州市大气污染物排放清单及特征[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(2):5-11.
[18]伏晴艳.上海市空气污染排放清单及大气中高浓度细颗粒物的形成机制[D].上海:复旦大学,2009.
[19]童延东,白宏涛,陈骁,等.基于EMIT模型探讨机动车污染物排放清单构建方法——以天津城区主干道为例[J].环境污染与防治,2014,36(1):64-68,91.
[2]洪盛茂,郑仙珏,沈建东,等.杭州市区霾和非霾天气下污染状况分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017,29(6):31-35.
[3] RATTIGAN O V,CIVEROLO K,DORAISWAMY P,et al. Long term black carbon measurements at two urban locations in New York[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2013,13:1181-1196.
[4] CARSLAW D C. Transport sources of primary nitrogen dioxide in London[J]. Kings College London,2005,15(1):55-57.
[5] SKOV H,HANSEN A B,LORENZEN G,et al. Benzene exposure and the effect of traffic pollution in Copenhagen,Denmark[J].Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(14):2463-2471.
[6] HILDEMANN L M,MARKOWSKI G R,JONES M C,et al. Submicrometer aerosol mass distributions of emissions from boilers,fireplaces,automobiles,diesel trucks,and meat-cooking operations[J]. Aerosol Science and Technology,1991,14(1):138-152.
[7] PEARSON R L,WACHTEL H,EBI K L. Distance-weighted traffic density in proximity to a home is a risk factor for leukemia and other childhood cancers[J]. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association,2000,50(2):175-180.
[8] RAMANATHAN V,CRUTZEN P J,MITRA A P,et al. The Indian Ocean experiment and the Asian brown cloud[J]. Current Science,2002,83(8):947-955.
[9]王合生,刘继明,陈国支.全面建立机动车排气污染监管体系探讨[J].环境监测管理与技术,2008,20(3):52-54.
[10]张俊刚,王跃思,吴方堃,等.北京市大气中BTEX工作日与非工作日的浓度变化[J].环境化学,2009,28(1):112-116.
[11]张爱东,郭明明,修光利.上海市交通干道空气中苯系物冬季污染特征初探[J].上海环境科学,2005,24(3):119-123.
[12]刘欢,贺克斌,王岐东.天津市机动车排放清单及影响要素研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,48(3):370-373.
[13]孙思思.南京市道路交通污染现状及特点[J].区域经济,2015(12):54-55.
[14]贾智海.青岛市交通干线附近细颗粒物污染特征分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2016,29(2):43-46.
[15]叶丛雷,谢品华,秦敏,等.广州市交通主干道空气中苯系物的测量[J].环境科学,2012,33(11):3718-3724.
[16]国家环境保护总局. HJ/T 193—2005环境空气质量自动监测技术规范[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005.
[17]叶贤满,徐昶,洪盛茂,等.杭州市大气污染物排放清单及特征[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(2):5-11.
[18]伏晴艳.上海市空气污染排放清单及大气中高浓度细颗粒物的形成机制[D].上海:复旦大学,2009.
[19]童延东,白宏涛,陈骁,等.基于EMIT模型探讨机动车污染物排放清单构建方法——以天津城区主干道为例[J].环境污染与防治,2014,36(1):64-68,91.