城市污泥与稻草混合堆肥氧气消耗的通风量优化研究
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摘要
对城市污泥和稻草秸秆混合物料进行好氧堆肥试验,研究不同通风量堆肥过程氧气浓度的变化特征和差异性,分析了耗氧速率与温度和含水率之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)温度的变化经历4个时期:升温期、高温期、降温期和稳定期,最高温度达到74.20℃;含水率先升高,后降低,然后趋于稳定;(2)不同时期氧气浓度逐渐下降,高温期下降最明显;(3)氧气浓度在高温期与稳定期之间差异性达到极显著水平(P<0.01);(4)各处理耗氧速率最大值的大小顺序为:3号箱>2号箱>1号箱>4号箱,耗氧速率下降为0.11%/min,可以作为堆肥的腐熟评价指标,3号箱耗氧速率和温度与含水率的相关性达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。当通风量为1.00 m~3/h时,堆肥历时共16 d,高温期最长(6 d),氧气浓度超过17%,耗氧速率最大(0.75%/min),最适合污泥好氧堆肥发酵。
In order to analyze the correlation between oxygen consumption rate with temperature and water content in the aerobic composting of urban sewage sludge with rice straw,the oxygen concentration variation and fluctuation were analyzed in different aeration rates of composting process.Our results indicated that:(1)The change of temperature in each treatment showed four periods:raising-temperature period,high-temperature period,cooling-temperature period and constant-temperature period,and the maximum temperature was 74.20 ℃.The water content was increased at first,then decreased and trended to stable at last.(2)The oxygen concentration decreased gradually in different periods and descended obviously in the high-temperature period.(3)The difference of oxygen concentration between the hightemperature period and the constant-temperature period had significant difference(P<0.01).(4)The regularities of the maximum oxygen consumption rate was treatment 3>treatment 2>treatment 1>treatment >4 treatment.The compost would be matured when the oxygen consumption rate dropped to 0.11%/min.The correlation between oxygen consumption rate with temperature and moisture content of treatment 3 had significant difference(P<0.01).In addition,when the aeration flowrate was 1.00 m~3/h,the oxygen concentration exceed 17%,the high-temperature stage(6 d)was the longest in the whole composting stage(16 d)and the maximum oxygen consumption rate was able to achieve(0.75%/min).The aeration rate of 1.00 m~3/h was the best flow-rate for urban sewage sludge composting.
In order to analyze the correlation between oxygen consumption rate with temperature and water content in the aerobic composting of urban sewage sludge with rice straw,the oxygen concentration variation and fluctuation were analyzed in different aeration rates of composting process.Our results indicated that:(1)The change of temperature in each treatment showed four periods:raising-temperature period,high-temperature period,cooling-temperature period and constant-temperature period,and the maximum temperature was 74.20 ℃.The water content was increased at first,then decreased and trended to stable at last.(2)The oxygen concentration decreased gradually in different periods and descended obviously in the high-temperature period.(3)The difference of oxygen concentration between the hightemperature period and the constant-temperature period had significant difference(P<0.01).(4)The regularities of the maximum oxygen consumption rate was treatment 3>treatment 2>treatment 1>treatment >4 treatment.The compost would be matured when the oxygen consumption rate dropped to 0.11%/min.The correlation between oxygen consumption rate with temperature and moisture content of treatment 3 had significant difference(P<0.01).In addition,when the aeration flowrate was 1.00 m~3/h,the oxygen concentration exceed 17%,the high-temperature stage(6 d)was the longest in the whole composting stage(16 d)and the maximum oxygen consumption rate was able to achieve(0.75%/min).The aeration rate of 1.00 m~3/h was the best flow-rate for urban sewage sludge composting.
引文
[1]李萍萍,薛彬,孙德智.施用城市污泥堆肥对土壤理化性质及白三叶生长的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2013,35(1):127-131.
[2]Wilshusena J H,Hettiaratchi J P A,Visscherb A D,et al.Methane oxidation and formation of EPS in compost:effect of oxygen concentration[J].Environmental Pollution,2004,129(2):305-314.
[3]Ekinci K,Keener H M,Akbolat D.Effects of feedstock,airflow rate,and recirculation ratio on performance of composting systems with air recirculation[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(7):922-932.
[4]张旭兰,张淑娟.城市污泥与水葫芦堆肥性质变化规律[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(7):4343-4348.
[5]朱欣洁,孙先锋,周秋丹,等.好氧堆肥与蚯蚓堆肥对污泥处理污泥效果比较研究[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(4):79-83.
[6]Lakhdar A,Slatni T,Iannelli M A,et al.Risk of municipal solid waste compost and sewage sludge use on photosynthetic performance in common crop(Triticum duru)[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2012,34(3):1017-1026.
[7]GB/T 23349-2009,肥料中镉、铅、铬、汞、砷生态指标[S].
[8]NY525-2012,有机肥料[S].
[9]倪娒娣,陈志银,程绍明,等.不同通风量下猪粪好氧堆肥中氧气浓度的变化[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2005,31(5):603-607.
[10]聂永丰.固体废物处理工程技术手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.538-539.
[11]高定,陈同斌,黄启飞.城市污泥堆肥过程自动测控系统及其应用[J].中国给水排水,2005,21(4):17-19.
[12]许效天,杨跃伟,孟俊峰,等.城市污水污泥堆肥控制因素和腐熟度评价[J].环境科学与管理,2008,33(10):191-194.
[13]孔建松,郑玉琪,陈同斌,等.好氧堆肥过程中的氧气变化及其监测[J].生态环境,2003,12(2):232-236.
[14]刘斌,陈同斌,郑国砥,等.污泥堆肥处理过程中氧气消耗的动态变化与分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(5):968-973.
[15]贾程,张增强,张永涛.污泥堆肥过程中氮素形态的变化[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(11):2269-2276.
[16]陈隆隆,潘振玉.复混肥料和功能性肥料分析测试与标准[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.
[17]蔡全英,莫测辉,朱夕珍,等.城市污泥与稻草堆肥中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(11):1993-1996.
[18]陈同斌,郑玉琪,高定,等.猪粪好氧堆制不同阶段氧气含量变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(11),2179-2183.
[19]徐智,张琴,张陇利,等.强制好氧堆肥不同阶段氧气浓度变化及其与腐熟指标关系[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(1):189-193.
[20]郑玉琪,陈同斌,高定,等.静态垛好氧堆肥堆体中氧气浓度和耗氧速率的垂直分布特征[J].环境科学,2004,25(2):134-139.
[21]沈玉君,李国学,任丽梅,等.通风对堆肥供氧的影响及堆高优化研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(11):171-175.
[22]马闯,郑国砥,刘洪涛,等.新型调理剂CTB-2污泥堆肥的氧气时空变化特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(5):929-932.
[2]Wilshusena J H,Hettiaratchi J P A,Visscherb A D,et al.Methane oxidation and formation of EPS in compost:effect of oxygen concentration[J].Environmental Pollution,2004,129(2):305-314.
[3]Ekinci K,Keener H M,Akbolat D.Effects of feedstock,airflow rate,and recirculation ratio on performance of composting systems with air recirculation[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(7):922-932.
[4]张旭兰,张淑娟.城市污泥与水葫芦堆肥性质变化规律[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(7):4343-4348.
[5]朱欣洁,孙先锋,周秋丹,等.好氧堆肥与蚯蚓堆肥对污泥处理污泥效果比较研究[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(4):79-83.
[6]Lakhdar A,Slatni T,Iannelli M A,et al.Risk of municipal solid waste compost and sewage sludge use on photosynthetic performance in common crop(Triticum duru)[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2012,34(3):1017-1026.
[7]GB/T 23349-2009,肥料中镉、铅、铬、汞、砷生态指标[S].
[8]NY525-2012,有机肥料[S].
[9]倪娒娣,陈志银,程绍明,等.不同通风量下猪粪好氧堆肥中氧气浓度的变化[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2005,31(5):603-607.
[10]聂永丰.固体废物处理工程技术手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.538-539.
[11]高定,陈同斌,黄启飞.城市污泥堆肥过程自动测控系统及其应用[J].中国给水排水,2005,21(4):17-19.
[12]许效天,杨跃伟,孟俊峰,等.城市污水污泥堆肥控制因素和腐熟度评价[J].环境科学与管理,2008,33(10):191-194.
[13]孔建松,郑玉琪,陈同斌,等.好氧堆肥过程中的氧气变化及其监测[J].生态环境,2003,12(2):232-236.
[14]刘斌,陈同斌,郑国砥,等.污泥堆肥处理过程中氧气消耗的动态变化与分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(5):968-973.
[15]贾程,张增强,张永涛.污泥堆肥过程中氮素形态的变化[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(11):2269-2276.
[16]陈隆隆,潘振玉.复混肥料和功能性肥料分析测试与标准[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.
[17]蔡全英,莫测辉,朱夕珍,等.城市污泥与稻草堆肥中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(11):1993-1996.
[18]陈同斌,郑玉琪,高定,等.猪粪好氧堆制不同阶段氧气含量变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(11),2179-2183.
[19]徐智,张琴,张陇利,等.强制好氧堆肥不同阶段氧气浓度变化及其与腐熟指标关系[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(1):189-193.
[20]郑玉琪,陈同斌,高定,等.静态垛好氧堆肥堆体中氧气浓度和耗氧速率的垂直分布特征[J].环境科学,2004,25(2):134-139.
[21]沈玉君,李国学,任丽梅,等.通风对堆肥供氧的影响及堆高优化研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(11):171-175.
[22]马闯,郑国砥,刘洪涛,等.新型调理剂CTB-2污泥堆肥的氧气时空变化特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(5):929-932.