民族村落社区旅游增权比较研究——以青海省典型土族村落为例
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摘要
增权是实施社区参与旅游可持续发展的重要措施,以自增权、他增权为评价维度,采用灰色关联分析法,对青海省喇家村、吾屯村、小庄村3个不同旅游发展阶段的土族村落社区旅游增权状态进行比较研究,结果表明:不同旅游发展阶段土族村落社区旅游增权状态有所不同,并且存在共性与特性,共性体现在自增权社区层面的旅游经济分配公平性和他增权政府层面的旅游公共政策制定水平,特性体现在自增权社区层面的代际流动比率、社区归属感程度、民族文化保护程度.鉴于此提出在加强社区与政府密切联系的前提下,社区要建立和完善参与旅游的行为准则,政府在引导企业和非政府组织介入的同时,强化服务功能,共同实现民族村落社区旅游的增权.
Empowerment is an important measure for community participation in the sustainable development of tourism.Based on the evaluation dimension of self-empowerment and other-empowerment,a comparative study has been made in this paper on the tourism empowerment of the Tu villages in three different stages of tourism development in Lajia Village,Wutun Village and Xiaozhuang Village in Qinghai Province by the grey relational analysis method.The results show that,in different stages of tourism development,the status of tourism empowerment in the Tu village community is different,and that there are differences in commonness and characteristics.The commonness is reflected in the fairness of tourism economic distribution at the community level of self-empowerment and the level of tourism public policy formulation at the government level,and the characteristics are reflected in the intergenerational mobility ratio at the self-empowerment community level.The degree of the sense of belonging and the protection of national culture.Therefore,on the premise of strengthening the close relationship between the community and the government,the authors suggest that the community should establish and improve the rules of conduct for participating in tourism,and the government should strengthen the service function while guiding enterprises and non-governmental organizations to intervene.To jointly realize the empowerment of community tourism in ethnic villages.
Empowerment is an important measure for community participation in the sustainable development of tourism.Based on the evaluation dimension of self-empowerment and other-empowerment,a comparative study has been made in this paper on the tourism empowerment of the Tu villages in three different stages of tourism development in Lajia Village,Wutun Village and Xiaozhuang Village in Qinghai Province by the grey relational analysis method.The results show that,in different stages of tourism development,the status of tourism empowerment in the Tu village community is different,and that there are differences in commonness and characteristics.The commonness is reflected in the fairness of tourism economic distribution at the community level of self-empowerment and the level of tourism public policy formulation at the government level,and the characteristics are reflected in the intergenerational mobility ratio at the self-empowerment community level.The degree of the sense of belonging and the protection of national culture.Therefore,on the premise of strengthening the close relationship between the community and the government,the authors suggest that the community should establish and improve the rules of conduct for participating in tourism,and the government should strengthen the service function while guiding enterprises and non-governmental organizations to intervene.To jointly realize the empowerment of community tourism in ethnic villages.
引文
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[3]BOLEY B B,MCGEHEE N G.Measuring Empowerment:Delveloping and Vaildating the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale(RETS)[J].Tourism Management,2014,45:85-94.
[4]BOLEY B B,AYSCUE E,MARUYAMA N,et al.Gender and Empowement:Assessing Discrepancies Using the Resident Empowerment Through Tourism Scale[J].Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2016,25(1):113-129.
[5]COLES S.Information and Empowerment:The Keys to Acheiving Sustainable Tourism[J].Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2006,14(6):629-644.
[6]翁时秀,彭华.旅游发展初级阶段弱权利意识型古村落社区增权研究---以浙江省楠溪江芙蓉村为例[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(7):53-59.
[7]王会战.旅游增权研究:进展与思考[J].社会科学家,2013(8):87-90.
[8]STRZELECKA M,BOLEY B B,STRZELECKA C.Empowerment and Resident Support for Tourism in Rural Central and Eastern Europe(CEE):The Case of Pomerania,Poland[J].Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2016,25(4):554-572.
[9]RAPPAPORT J.Terms of Empowerment/Examplars of Prevention:Towards a Theory for Community Psychology[J].American Journal of Community Sychology,1987,15(2):121-148.
[10]STRZELECKA M,WICKS B E.Enanging Resident in Planning for Sustainable Rural-Nature Tourism in Post-Communist Poland[J].Community Development,2010,41(3),370-384.
[11]左冰,保继刚.从“社区参与”走向“社区增权”---西方“旅游增权”理论研究述评[J].旅游学刊,2008,23(4):58-63.
[12]孙九霞.赋权理论与旅游发展中的社区能力建设[J].旅游学刊,2008,23(9):22-27.
[13]曹兴平.民族村寨旅游社区参与内生动力实证研究[J].贵州民族研究,2016,37(3):166-170.
[14]王华,龙慧,郑艳芬.断石村社区旅游:契约主导型社区参与及其增权意义[J].人文地理,2015,30(5):106-110.
[15]车慧颖.基于增权理论的海岛社区参与旅游研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[16]张河清,廖碧芯,陈韵,等.滨海旅游社区增权测评的指标体系与实证研究---以广东阳江海陵岛为例[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(3):94-99.
[17]李小民,郭英之,张秦.精准扶贫背景下少数民族居民旅游增权参与模型机理实证研究---基于贵州肇兴侗寨的调研[J].贵州民族研究,2017,38(11):40-46.
[18]胡志毅,张兆干.社区参与和旅游业可持续发展[J].人文地理,2002,17(2):38-41.