煤气化污染场地土壤PAHs分布特征初探
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摘要
文章以某大型退役煤气厂场地为研究对象,分析了污染场地土壤中对人体危害风险性较大的化合物PAHs的含量与分布特征。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对1234个样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量进行检测。分析PAHs在煤气厂不同生产车间土壤的污染状况和深层土壤中的垂直分布特征。结果表明:土壤中总PAHs含量范围为1.67～19120.74 mg/kg,组成成分以2～3环为主,平均含量分别占总PAHs的31.5%和58.8%,其次为4环和5环,分别占总PAHs的7.5%和1.9%,最低为6环PAHs,仅占1.6%。随着土壤深度的增大,多环芳烃总量急剧降低。当土壤深度超过6 m,PAHs以2～3环为主。PAHs在土壤中的富集趋势为粗苯工段>冷鼓工段>污水处理区>脱硫工段>土地储备区>炼焦熄焦区>硫铵工段>综合油库>生产辅助区>煤气储藏及输送区>备煤与焦炭储藏区,且污染点位多数位于各工段的生产区域,说明土壤中PAHs的污染与原生产活动有一定相关性。
A field investigation was carried out for the site of a large coal gasification plant in Shanxi Province to explore content and distribution of PAHs, a kind of chemicals extremely hazardous to human health in the soil. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were analyzed by GC-MS in 1234 surface soil sample collected from the plant. The PAHs emission of different workshops and vertical distribution of PAHs were discussed. Results showed that total PAHs contents in soil ranged from 1.67 to 19120.74 mg/kg. The composition of PAHs was characterized by low molecular weight PAHs. Dominant compounds were 2 rings and 3 rings PAHs, which accounted for 31.5% and 58.8%, followed by 4 and 5 rings, which accounted for 7.5% and 1.9% of the total PAH concentrations, respectively. The lowest was the 6 rings PAHs, which only accounted for 1.6% of the total PAH concentrations. The contents of PAHs decreased sharply with the increase in vertical depth.Low-ring PAHs became the priority compounds when the depth was over 6 m. The enrichment of PAHs in soil was in order of crude benzene recycle area > the blast condense area > wastewater treatment area > desulfurization area > land reserve area >coking quenching area > ammonium sulfate area > integrated depot area > production aids area > gas storage and transportation area > coal and coke storage area. The sites of soil samples containing PAHs coincide with those of the workshops of the former coal gasification plant, indicating a strong relationship between the presence of PAHs in the soil and the production activities of the former plant.
A field investigation was carried out for the site of a large coal gasification plant in Shanxi Province to explore content and distribution of PAHs, a kind of chemicals extremely hazardous to human health in the soil. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were analyzed by GC-MS in 1234 surface soil sample collected from the plant. The PAHs emission of different workshops and vertical distribution of PAHs were discussed. Results showed that total PAHs contents in soil ranged from 1.67 to 19120.74 mg/kg. The composition of PAHs was characterized by low molecular weight PAHs. Dominant compounds were 2 rings and 3 rings PAHs, which accounted for 31.5% and 58.8%, followed by 4 and 5 rings, which accounted for 7.5% and 1.9% of the total PAH concentrations, respectively. The lowest was the 6 rings PAHs, which only accounted for 1.6% of the total PAH concentrations. The contents of PAHs decreased sharply with the increase in vertical depth.Low-ring PAHs became the priority compounds when the depth was over 6 m. The enrichment of PAHs in soil was in order of crude benzene recycle area > the blast condense area > wastewater treatment area > desulfurization area > land reserve area >coking quenching area > ammonium sulfate area > integrated depot area > production aids area > gas storage and transportation area > coal and coke storage area. The sites of soil samples containing PAHs coincide with those of the workshops of the former coal gasification plant, indicating a strong relationship between the presence of PAHs in the soil and the production activities of the former plant.
引文
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[11]张孝飞,林玉锁,邓绍坡,等.典型农药厂污染场地土壤中PAHs分布特征及来源分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(3):390-397.
[12] Hussein I, Abdel S A, Mona S M. A review on polycyclic ar?omatic hydrocarbons:source, environmental impact, effect on human health and remediation[J]. Egyptian Journal of Pe?troleum, 2016,25:107-123.
[13] Kim K, Jahan S A, Kabir E, et al. A review of airborne poly?cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their human health effects[J]. Environ Intern, 2013,60:71-80.
[14]廖晓勇,崇忠义,阎秀兰,等.城市工业污染场地:中国环境修复领域的新课题[J].环境科学, 2011,32(3):784-794.
[15] Shanti L A, KC Bal Krishna, Ranjan S. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)removal by sorption:a review[J]. Che?mosphere, 2016,148:336-353.
[16] Xiao R, Du X, He X, et al. Vertical distribution of polycy?clic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in Hunpu wastewater-ir?rigated area in northeast China under different land use pat?terns[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2008,142(1/2/3):23-34.
[17]邓绍坡,吴运金,龙涛,等.我国表层土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)污染状况及来源浅析[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2015,31(6):866-875.Deng Shaopo, Wu Yunjin, Long Tao, et al. PAHs contami?nation in the surface soil of China and its sources[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2015,31(6):866-875.
[2]骆永明.污染土壤修复技术研究现状与趋势[J].化学进展,2009,21(2/3):558-565.Luo Yongming. Current research and development in soil remediation technologies[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2009,21(2/3):558-565.
[3]田靖,朱媛媛,杨洪彪,等.大型钢铁厂及其周边土壤多环芳烃污染现状调查、评价与源解析[J].环境化学, 2013,32(6):1002-1008.
[4] Christophe V, Khalil H, Christine B, et al. Removal of poly?cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aged-contaminated soil using cyclodextrins:experimental study[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2006,140(3):427-435.
[5]李建萍,张建红,王存政,等.工业废弃场地再开发的土壤环境评价与修复研究[J].环境工程, 2011,29(4):109-111,120.
[6]张强,邹华,张涛,等.无锡某钢铁厂土壤污染现状及评价[J].城市环境与城态, 2012,26(6):25-30.Zhang Qiang, Zou Hua, Zhang Tao, et al. Status and assess?ment of soil pollution of a steel plant in Wuxi City[J]. Urban Environment&Urban Ecology, 2012,26(6):25-30.
[7]董捷,黄莹,李永霞,等.北方某大型钢铁企业表层土壤中多环芳烃污染特征与健康风险评价[J].环境科学, 2016,37(9):3540-3546.
[8] Giannis A, Tay E, Kao J, et al. Impact of vertical electroki?netic flushing technology to remove heavy metals and poly?cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil[J].Electrochim Acta, 2012,86:72-79.
[9] Man Y B, Kang Y, Wang H S, et al. Cancer risk assessments of Hong Kong soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hy?drocarbons[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2013,11:67-74.
[10] Liu Y, Chen L, Zhao J F, et al. Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of rivers and an estuary in Shanghai, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2008,154(2):298-305.
[11]张孝飞,林玉锁,邓绍坡,等.典型农药厂污染场地土壤中PAHs分布特征及来源分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(3):390-397.
[12] Hussein I, Abdel S A, Mona S M. A review on polycyclic ar?omatic hydrocarbons:source, environmental impact, effect on human health and remediation[J]. Egyptian Journal of Pe?troleum, 2016,25:107-123.
[13] Kim K, Jahan S A, Kabir E, et al. A review of airborne poly?cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their human health effects[J]. Environ Intern, 2013,60:71-80.
[14]廖晓勇,崇忠义,阎秀兰,等.城市工业污染场地:中国环境修复领域的新课题[J].环境科学, 2011,32(3):784-794.
[15] Shanti L A, KC Bal Krishna, Ranjan S. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)removal by sorption:a review[J]. Che?mosphere, 2016,148:336-353.
[16] Xiao R, Du X, He X, et al. Vertical distribution of polycy?clic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in Hunpu wastewater-ir?rigated area in northeast China under different land use pat?terns[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2008,142(1/2/3):23-34.
[17]邓绍坡,吴运金,龙涛,等.我国表层土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)污染状况及来源浅析[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2015,31(6):866-875.Deng Shaopo, Wu Yunjin, Long Tao, et al. PAHs contami?nation in the surface soil of China and its sources[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2015,31(6):866-875.