毛竹林伐桩处理方式对笋竹生长的影响
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摘要
于2015—2017年在福建省永安市上坪乡和洪田镇,对3～5 a的毛竹纯林采伐后的伐桩进行灌水、灌水+施肥、施肥等处理,以不灌水也不施肥处理为对照,研究不同处理对毛竹林出笋成竹数量、新竹产量等的影响。结果表明:3种伐桩处理能够在一定程度上提高其冬笋产量,有效降低春笋的退笋率,提高其新竹生长量,有利于毛竹林生产力的提高。其中:灌水+施肥、灌水、施肥处理的冬笋产量分别比对照高22.2%、3.9%、6.2%;退笋率分别为27.2%、24.8%、23.1%,均低于对照毛竹林的34.3%;平均春笋出笋数分别达到830、700、720个·hm~(-2),分别比对照高84.4%、55.6%、60.0%。此外,不同伐桩处理的春笋平均出笋数、平均成竹数和平均成竹率的差异达到极显著水平;不同伐桩处理的新竹生长量大小为灌水+施肥>施肥>灌水>对照。表明本研究中,对毛竹纯林采伐桩进行灌水+施肥处理的综合效果最好。
In this paper,with no irrigation or fertilization as the control,the authors have dealt with the irrigation,irrigation + fertilization,fertilization after the stump treatment in 3～5 a moso bamboo pure forest in Shangping township and Hongtian town of Yongan city Fujian Provinc from 2015 to 2017.And the effects of different treatments on the number of bamboo and the yield of new bamboo were studied.The results showed that the three kinds of stump treatment can increased the winter bamboo shoots yield to a certain extent,the degenerated shoots rate of bamboo shoots can be reduced effectively,and the growth of new bamboo can be improved,they are beneficial to the improvement of the productivity of moso bamboo forest.Among them the yield of winter bamboo shoots were 22.2%,3.9% and 6.2% higher than the control group by irrigation + fertilization,irrigation,fertilization after the stump treatment respectively.And the degenerated shoots rate of the three treatments were 27.2%,24.8% and 23.1% respectively,they are all lower than 34.3% of the control.The irrigation+fertilization treatment of bamboo shoots of bamboo shoot number reached an average of 830,700 and 720·hm~(-2) respectively,the bamboo shoot number were 84.4%,55.6% and 60.0% higher than the control group respectively.In addition,the average bamboo shoots,average bamboo number and average bamboo rate of bamboo shoots were significantly different.The growth of new bamboo of different treatments were followed the order irrigation+fertilization> fertilization>irrigation>control group.The results showed that the treatment of irrigation+fertilization have achieved best effect in this study.
In this paper,with no irrigation or fertilization as the control,the authors have dealt with the irrigation,irrigation + fertilization,fertilization after the stump treatment in 3～5 a moso bamboo pure forest in Shangping township and Hongtian town of Yongan city Fujian Provinc from 2015 to 2017.And the effects of different treatments on the number of bamboo and the yield of new bamboo were studied.The results showed that the three kinds of stump treatment can increased the winter bamboo shoots yield to a certain extent,the degenerated shoots rate of bamboo shoots can be reduced effectively,and the growth of new bamboo can be improved,they are beneficial to the improvement of the productivity of moso bamboo forest.Among them the yield of winter bamboo shoots were 22.2%,3.9% and 6.2% higher than the control group by irrigation + fertilization,irrigation,fertilization after the stump treatment respectively.And the degenerated shoots rate of the three treatments were 27.2%,24.8% and 23.1% respectively,they are all lower than 34.3% of the control.The irrigation+fertilization treatment of bamboo shoots of bamboo shoot number reached an average of 830,700 and 720·hm~(-2) respectively,the bamboo shoot number were 84.4%,55.6% and 60.0% higher than the control group respectively.In addition,the average bamboo shoots,average bamboo number and average bamboo rate of bamboo shoots were significantly different.The growth of new bamboo of different treatments were followed the order irrigation+fertilization> fertilization>irrigation>control group.The results showed that the treatment of irrigation+fertilization have achieved best effect in this study.
引文
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[18]李志坚.不同施肥方法对毛竹出笋成竹及生长量的影响[J].绿色科技,2017(15):92-94.
[19]张磊,谢锦忠,张玮,等.模拟干旱环境下伐桩注水对毛竹生理特性的影响[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(1):145-153.
[20]罗朝光.施肥方式对毛竹林出笋成竹的影响[J].世界竹藤通讯,2010,8(6):22-23.
[21]陈发好.毛竹伐桩施肥技术[J].福建林业,2011(2):43-43.
[22]杜建忠.不同灌溉方法对笋竹两用毛竹林生长的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2016,57(5):16-17.
[23]陈建明,朱炜,傅柳方,等.毛竹笋用林覆盖对竹鞭生长及竹笋产量的影响[J].世界竹藤通讯,2015,13(6):20-24,28.
[2]汤孟平,徐文兵,陈永刚,等.毛竹林空间结构优化调控模型[J].林业科学,2013,49(1):120-125.
[3]陈永文.闽中毛竹林伐桩施肥的应用评述[J].防护林科技,2013(9):60-61.
[4]郭子武,陈双林,季赛娟,等.毛竹伐蔸根系养分含量、抗氧化能力与伐后年数的关系[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(3):402-406.
[5]顾志康,宋绪忠,谢锦忠,等.伐桩处理对毛竹林生产力的影响研究[J].浙江林业科技,2016,36(2):82-85.
[6]张磊,谢锦忠,张玮,等.节水灌溉在林木与竹子上的应用研究综述[J].福建林业科技,2016,43(4):230-236.
[7]张磊,谢锦忠,张玮,等.伐桩储水下毛竹光合蒸腾特性[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(3):655-663.
[8]林连光.毛竹林内竹蔸分布及其促腐情况的调查分析[J].世界竹藤通讯,2011,9(3):57-59.
[9]汤万辉.毛竹林竹蔸腐烂对土壤理化性质的影响[J].世界竹藤通讯,2013,11(2):31-33.
[10]华文礼,吴礼栋.毛竹竹篼促腐技术研究初报[J].林业科技开发,2000,14(1):38-39.
[11]翁甫金,汪奎宏,何奇江,等.毛竹伐桩快速腐烂技术试验研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,2001,20(4):47-51.
[12]李超,李潞滨,杨凯,等.竹伐桩促腐微生物的分离筛选[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(2):253-257.
[13]朱颜,龙海艳,楼崇,等.竹蔸促腐技术研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,2013,32(3):53-57.
[14]杨慧英,温胜芳,常太和.江西省宜黄县竹腔竹蔸施肥绩效调查[J].世界竹藤通讯,2010,8(3):27-29.
[15]郑瑞钰.毛竹林竹蔸施肥对竹蔸腐烂及出笋的影响[J].福建林业科技,2011,38(1):72-74.
[16]林桂明.毛竹竹篼配方施肥效果分析[J].福建林业科技,2014,41(2):95-98,114.
[17]杨健,朱志建,杨倩倩,等.毛竹林机械化生产装备的开发与应用[J].世界竹藤通讯,2013,11(5):22-26.
[18]李志坚.不同施肥方法对毛竹出笋成竹及生长量的影响[J].绿色科技,2017(15):92-94.
[19]张磊,谢锦忠,张玮,等.模拟干旱环境下伐桩注水对毛竹生理特性的影响[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(1):145-153.
[20]罗朝光.施肥方式对毛竹林出笋成竹的影响[J].世界竹藤通讯,2010,8(6):22-23.
[21]陈发好.毛竹伐桩施肥技术[J].福建林业,2011(2):43-43.
[22]杜建忠.不同灌溉方法对笋竹两用毛竹林生长的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2016,57(5):16-17.
[23]陈建明,朱炜,傅柳方,等.毛竹笋用林覆盖对竹鞭生长及竹笋产量的影响[J].世界竹藤通讯,2015,13(6):20-24,28.