沙坡头苔藓生物结皮层土壤特性演变研究
|
摘要
苔藓结皮是沙漠生物结皮发育成熟类型,对改善风沙区生态环境状况、促进风沙土发育等具有良好效果。采集了不同时间固沙植被下的苔藓结皮层样品,采用常规方法和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(PE ICP-OES)分析测定了苔藓结皮层颗粒组成、腐殖质特征和全量化学元素含量变化。结果表明,苔藓结皮层颗粒物粒径集中分布在350～400μm范围,并且随着固沙植被时间的增加,苔藓结皮层<10μm粒径的颗粒物含量呈现增加趋势。随着固沙植被时间增加,苔藓结皮层有机质含量从8.61 g/kg增加到11.95 g/kg,腐殖酸从2.10 g/kg增加到2.20 g/kg,胡敏酸含量从0.40 g/kg增加到0.90 g/kg,并且胡敏酸的光学特性E4、E6吸光值增加,而E4/E6值在减少。苔藓结皮层全量化学元素组成(SiO2除外)含量均高于流动沙土;随着固沙植被时间增加,苔藓结皮层SiO2含量呈现出明显降低的趋势,其它全量化学元素含量均呈现增加趋势。苔藓结皮层硅铁铝率低于对照流动沙土,且随着固沙植被时间的增加,苔藓结皮层硅铁铝率均呈现降低趋势。风沙环境下苔藓结皮层的形成和长期保留,能够提高细颗粒物含量,改善腐殖质特征,提高矿物质元素含量,对促进风沙土形成演变具有积极作用。
Moss crust is the top type of desert crusts.The mossy crust layer also has a good effect on improving the ecological environment of the aeolian area and promoting the development of aeolian sandy soil.In this paper,samples of mossy crust layers under different sand fixation ages were collected.The particle size,humus characteristics and total chemical element content of the moss crusts layer were determined by conventional methods and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(PE ICP-OES).The results showed that the particle size of the mossy crust layer was mainly distributed in the range of 350 ～ 400μm,and with increasing sand-fixing age,<10 μm particle size of the particulate matter content of mossy crust layer showed an increase trend.With increasing sand-fixing age,the organic matter content of mossy crust layer increased from 8.61 g/kg to 11.95 g/kg,total humid acid increased from 2.10 g/kg to 2.20 g/kg,the humic acid content increased from 0.40 g/kg to 0.90 g/kg,and the optical properties of the absorbance of the humic acid E4 and E6 were increased,but the E4/E6 ratio was decreased.The total chemical composition(except SiO2) of the moss crust layer was higher than that of the flowing sand,and with increasing sand-fixing age,the content of Si O2 in mossy crust layer showed a significant decrease trend,but the content of other total chemical elements showed an increasing trend.The rate of ferrosilicon in the moss crust layer was lower than that of the control flowing sand,with increasing sand-fixing age,the ferrosilicon ratio of mossy crust layer showed a decrease trend.The content of total chemical elements and the ferrosilicon ratio in atmospheric dustfall were better than those of mossy crust and control flowing sand.The formation and long-term retention of the mossy crust layer in the aeolian environment could improve the content of fine particles,improve the characteristics of soil humus,increase the content of mineral elements,and reduce the rate of ferrosilicon,which had a positive effect on promoting the formation and evolution of aeolian sandy soil.
Moss crust is the top type of desert crusts.The mossy crust layer also has a good effect on improving the ecological environment of the aeolian area and promoting the development of aeolian sandy soil.In this paper,samples of mossy crust layers under different sand fixation ages were collected.The particle size,humus characteristics and total chemical element content of the moss crusts layer were determined by conventional methods and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(PE ICP-OES).The results showed that the particle size of the mossy crust layer was mainly distributed in the range of 350 ～ 400μm,and with increasing sand-fixing age,<10 μm particle size of the particulate matter content of mossy crust layer showed an increase trend.With increasing sand-fixing age,the organic matter content of mossy crust layer increased from 8.61 g/kg to 11.95 g/kg,total humid acid increased from 2.10 g/kg to 2.20 g/kg,the humic acid content increased from 0.40 g/kg to 0.90 g/kg,and the optical properties of the absorbance of the humic acid E4 and E6 were increased,but the E4/E6 ratio was decreased.The total chemical composition(except SiO2) of the moss crust layer was higher than that of the flowing sand,and with increasing sand-fixing age,the content of Si O2 in mossy crust layer showed a significant decrease trend,but the content of other total chemical elements showed an increasing trend.The rate of ferrosilicon in the moss crust layer was lower than that of the control flowing sand,with increasing sand-fixing age,the ferrosilicon ratio of mossy crust layer showed a decrease trend.The content of total chemical elements and the ferrosilicon ratio in atmospheric dustfall were better than those of mossy crust and control flowing sand.The formation and long-term retention of the mossy crust layer in the aeolian environment could improve the content of fine particles,improve the characteristics of soil humus,increase the content of mineral elements,and reduce the rate of ferrosilicon,which had a positive effect on promoting the formation and evolution of aeolian sandy soil.
引文
[1]闫德仁，薛英英，赵春光．国外沙漠生物结皮研究概况[J]．内蒙古林业科技，2007,33(1):39-42.
[2] Danin A.The impact of prevailing winter winds on the distribution of vegetation in the Judean Desert[J].Israel.J.Arid Environments,1989,17:301-305.
[3]闫德仁，薛英英，赵春光．沙漠生物结皮国内研究现状[J]．内蒙古林业科技，2007,33(3):28-32.
[4]李卫红，任天瑞，周智彬，等．新疆古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的土壤理化性质分析[J]．冰川冻土，2005,27(4):619-626.
[5]贾宝全，张红旗，张志强，等．甘肃省民勤沙区土壤结皮理化性质研究[J]．生态学报，2003,23(7):1442-1448.
[6]郭轶瑞，赵哈林，赵学勇，等．科尔沁沙地结皮发育对土壤理化性质影响的研究[J]．水土保持学报，2007,21(1):135-139.
[7]闫德仁．库布齐沙漠苔藓结皮层的肥岛特征研究[D]．呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学，2008.
[8]张元明，杨维康，王雪芹，等．生物结皮影响下的土壤有机质分异特征[J]．生态学报，2005,23(12):3420-3425.
[9]单飞彪．自然和人工藓类结皮层对土壤及植物营养元素含量的影响初探[D]．呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学，2009.
[10]崔燕，吕贻忠，李保国．鄂尔多斯沙地土壤生物结皮的理化性质[J]．土壤，2004,36(2):197-202.
[11]张军红，吴波．油蒿与臭柏沙地生物结皮对土壤理化性质的影响[J]．东北林业大学学报，2012,40(3):58-61.
[12]杜晓晖．沙地地表结皮的研究[J]．中国沙漠，1990,10(4):31-36.
[13]凌裕泉，屈建军，胡纹．沙面结皮形成与微环境变化[J]．应用生态学报，1993,(4):393-398.
[14] Gillette D A,Dobrouolski J P.Soil crust formation by dust deposition at Shaartaz,Tadzhik S.S.R[J]. Atmospheric Env,1993,27(12):2519-2525.
[15]闫德仁，黄海广，薛博．浑善达克沙地大气降尘颗粒物特征研究[J]．生态环境学报，2018,27(1):87-92.
[16]张玉兰，孙彩霞，段争虎，等．光谱法分析固沙工程对土壤腐殖质及组分的影响[J]．光谱学与光谱分析，2010,31(1):179-183.
[17]陈隆亨，李福兴，邸醒民，等．中国风沙土[M]．北京：科学出版社，1998.
[18]齐雁冰，常庆瑞，惠泱河。高寒地区人工植被恢复过程中沙表生物结皮特性研究[J]．干旱地区农业研究，2006,24(6):98-103.
[19]宁远英．科尔沁沙地生物结皮中土壤微生物、土壤酶活性的变化及其与土壤因子的关系[D]．呼和浩特：内蒙古师范大学，2010.
[20]谢静，丁仲礼．中国东北部沙地重矿物组成及沙源分析[J]．中国科学D辑地球科学，2007,37(8):1065-1072.
[2] Danin A.The impact of prevailing winter winds on the distribution of vegetation in the Judean Desert[J].Israel.J.Arid Environments,1989,17:301-305.
[3]闫德仁，薛英英，赵春光．沙漠生物结皮国内研究现状[J]．内蒙古林业科技，2007,33(3):28-32.
[4]李卫红，任天瑞，周智彬，等．新疆古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的土壤理化性质分析[J]．冰川冻土，2005,27(4):619-626.
[5]贾宝全，张红旗，张志强，等．甘肃省民勤沙区土壤结皮理化性质研究[J]．生态学报，2003,23(7):1442-1448.
[6]郭轶瑞，赵哈林，赵学勇，等．科尔沁沙地结皮发育对土壤理化性质影响的研究[J]．水土保持学报，2007,21(1):135-139.
[7]闫德仁．库布齐沙漠苔藓结皮层的肥岛特征研究[D]．呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学，2008.
[8]张元明，杨维康，王雪芹，等．生物结皮影响下的土壤有机质分异特征[J]．生态学报，2005,23(12):3420-3425.
[9]单飞彪．自然和人工藓类结皮层对土壤及植物营养元素含量的影响初探[D]．呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学，2009.
[10]崔燕，吕贻忠，李保国．鄂尔多斯沙地土壤生物结皮的理化性质[J]．土壤，2004,36(2):197-202.
[11]张军红，吴波．油蒿与臭柏沙地生物结皮对土壤理化性质的影响[J]．东北林业大学学报，2012,40(3):58-61.
[12]杜晓晖．沙地地表结皮的研究[J]．中国沙漠，1990,10(4):31-36.
[13]凌裕泉，屈建军，胡纹．沙面结皮形成与微环境变化[J]．应用生态学报，1993,(4):393-398.
[14] Gillette D A,Dobrouolski J P.Soil crust formation by dust deposition at Shaartaz,Tadzhik S.S.R[J]. Atmospheric Env,1993,27(12):2519-2525.
[15]闫德仁，黄海广，薛博．浑善达克沙地大气降尘颗粒物特征研究[J]．生态环境学报，2018,27(1):87-92.
[16]张玉兰，孙彩霞，段争虎，等．光谱法分析固沙工程对土壤腐殖质及组分的影响[J]．光谱学与光谱分析，2010,31(1):179-183.
[17]陈隆亨，李福兴，邸醒民，等．中国风沙土[M]．北京：科学出版社，1998.
[18]齐雁冰，常庆瑞，惠泱河。高寒地区人工植被恢复过程中沙表生物结皮特性研究[J]．干旱地区农业研究，2006,24(6):98-103.
[19]宁远英．科尔沁沙地生物结皮中土壤微生物、土壤酶活性的变化及其与土壤因子的关系[D]．呼和浩特：内蒙古师范大学，2010.
[20]谢静，丁仲礼．中国东北部沙地重矿物组成及沙源分析[J]．中国科学D辑地球科学，2007,37(8):1065-1072.