山东开元洞滴水微量元素季节变化特征及影响因素
|
摘要
选取山东淄博开元洞进行了为期15个月的洞穴滴水采集,开元洞位于中国北部山东半岛沿海的暖温带半湿润季风气候区。洞穴滴水地球化学分析结果表明:(1)洞内滴水点的滴水滴速变化对外界大气降水的变化响应迅速。(2)滴水中的Ca2+、Mg2+、Sr2+、Ba2+浓度都具有季节变化特征,但其具体表现和影响机制有所不同。(3)开元洞滴水的Sr/Ca、Ba/Ca比值的波动变化与洞外大气降水变化可能存在响应关系,滴水中的Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca和Mg/Sr比值,可能与强降水存在响应关系;但是开元洞滴水中的Mg/Sr比值的变化与洞外气温并没有体现出响应关系。
Drip water samples for 15 months were collected from the Kaiyuan Cave,Zibo City of Shandong Province,a cave located in a semi-humid monsoon climatic zone in coastal North China.Geochemical information suggests that:(1)the variations in dripping rates respond rapidly to the atmospheric precipitation outside the cave.(2)Although the Ca2+,Mg2+,Sr2+and Ba2+concentrations display significant seasonal variations,their behaviors and influencing mechanisms are rather different.(3)The Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios of the drip water may respond to certain degree to the atmospheric precipitation outside of the cave,and,especially,the Mg/Ca,Sr/Ca and Mg/Sr ratios may well indicate heavy rainfall.However,the variations in Mg/Sr in the drip water do not respond obviously to surface air temperature.
Drip water samples for 15 months were collected from the Kaiyuan Cave,Zibo City of Shandong Province,a cave located in a semi-humid monsoon climatic zone in coastal North China.Geochemical information suggests that:(1)the variations in dripping rates respond rapidly to the atmospheric precipitation outside the cave.(2)Although the Ca2+,Mg2+,Sr2+and Ba2+concentrations display significant seasonal variations,their behaviors and influencing mechanisms are rather different.(3)The Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios of the drip water may respond to certain degree to the atmospheric precipitation outside of the cave,and,especially,the Mg/Ca,Sr/Ca and Mg/Sr ratios may well indicate heavy rainfall.However,the variations in Mg/Sr in the drip water do not respond obviously to surface air temperature.
引文
[1] Verheyden S,Keppens E,Fairchild I J,et al.Mg,Sr and Sr isotope geochemistry of a Belgian Holocene speleothem:implications for paleoclimate reconstructions[J].Chemical Geology,2000,169:131-144.
[2] Johnson K R,Hu C Y,Belshaw N S,et al.Seasonal trace-element and stable-isotope variations in a Chinese speleothem:The potential for high-resolution paleomonsoon reconstruction[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,244:394-407.
[3]张美良,朱晓燕,林玉石,等.洞穴滴(流)水的沉积及溶—侵蚀作用——以桂林盘龙洞为例[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(4):326-333.[ZHANG Meiliang,ZHU Xiaoyan,LIN Yushi,et al.Drip water deposits and erosion-dissolution process by drip water in karst cave——Taking the Panlong cave as an example[J].Carsologica Sinica,2007,26(4):326-333.]
[4] Cobb K M,Adkins J F,Partin J W,et al.Regional-scale climate influences on temporal variations of rainwater and cave dripwater oxygen isotopes in northern Borneo[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007,263:207-220.
[5]蒲俊兵,沈立成,王翱宇,等.重庆丰都雪玉洞水文地球化学指标的时空变化研究[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):49-54.[PU Junbing,SHEN Licheng,WANG Aoyu,et al.Space-time variation of hydro-geochemistry index of the Xueyu cave system in Fengdu county,Chongqing[J].Carsologica Sinica,2009,28(1):49-54.]
[6] Bradley C,Baker A,Jex C N,et al.Hydrological uncertainties in the modelling of cave drip-waterδ18 O and the implications for stalagmite palaeoclimate reconstructions[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2010,29:2201-2214.
[7]张美良,朱晓燕,吴夏,等.桂林洞穴滴水与现代碳酸钙δ18 O记录的环境意义——以桂林七星岩NO.15支洞为例[J].沉积学报,2015,33(4):697-705.[ZHANG Meiliang,ZHU Xiaoyan,WU Xia,et al.Environmental significance ofδ18 O record from cave drip water and recent carbonate deposit at No.15Branching Cave of Seven Star Cave in Guilin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(4):697-705.]
[8] Breitenbach S F M,Lechleitner F A,Meyer H,et al.Cave ventilation and rainfall signals in dripwater in a monsoonal setting-a monitoring study from NE India[J].Chemical Geology,2015,402:111-124.
[9] Fairchild I J,Baker A,Borsato A,et al.Annual to sub-annual resolution of multiple trace-element trends in speleothems[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2001,158:831-841.
[10] Treble P,Shelley J M G,Chappell J.Comparison of high resolution sub-annual records of trace elements in a modern(1911-1992)speleothem with instrumental climate data from southwest Australia[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,216:141-153.
[11] Tremaine D M,Froelich P N.Speleothem trace element signatures:A hydrologic geochemical study of modern cave dripwaters and farmed calcite[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2013,121:522-545.
[12] Casteel R C,Banner J L.Temperature-driven seasonal calcite growth and drip water trace element variations in a well-ventilated Texas cave:Implications for speleothem paleoclimate studies[J].Chemical Geology,2015,392:43-58.
[13] Rau G C,Cuthbert M O,Andersen M S,et al.Controls on cave drip water temperature and implications for speleothembased paleoclimate reconstructions[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2015,127:19-36.
[14] Mattey D,Lowry D,Duffet J,et al.A 53year seasonally resolved oxygen and carbon isotope record from a modern Gibraltar speleothem:Reconstructed drip water and relationship to local precipitation[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,269:80-95.
[15] Mattey D P,Fairchild I J,Atkinson T C,et al.Seasonal microclimate control of calcite fabrics,stable isotopes and trace elements in modern speleothem from St Michaels Cave,Gibraltar[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,2010,336:323-344.
[16] Ruan J Y,Hu C Y.Seasonal variations and environmental controls on stalagmite calcite crystal growth in Heshang Cave,central China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(34):3929-3935.
[17] Huang Y M,Fairchild I J,Borsato A,et al.Seasonal variations in Sr,Mg and P in modern speleothems(Grotta di Ernesto,Italy)[J].Chemical Geology,2001,175:429-448.
[18]衣成城,李延勇,李俊云,等.芙蓉洞洞穴水离子浓度和元素比值变化特征及其环境意义[J].中国岩溶,2011,30(2):200-207.[YI Chengcheng,LI Tingyong,LI Junyun,et al.The variation of element ratio and ion concentration of cave water in the Furong Cave and their implications for environment research[J].Carsologica Sinica,2011,30(2):200-207.]
[19] Baldini J U L,Mcdermott F,Fairchild I J.Spatial variability in cave drip water hydrochemistry:Implications for stalagmite paleoclimate records[J].Chemical Geology,2006,235:390-404.
[20] Borsato A,Johnston V E,Frisia S,et al.Temperature and altitudinal influence on karst dripwater chemistry:Implications for regional-scale palaeoclimate reconstructions from speleothems[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2016,177:275-297.
[21] Casteel R C,Banner J L.Temperature-driven seasonal calcite growth and drip water trace element variations in a well-ventilated Texas cave:Implications for speleothem paleoclimate studies[J].Chemical Geology,2015,392:43-58.
[22] Duan W H,Ruan J Y,Luo W J,et al.The transfer of seasonal isotopic variability between precipitation and drip water at eight caves in the monsoon regions of China[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2016,183:250-266.
[23] Hu C Y,Henderson G M,Huang J H,et al.Report of a three-year monitoring programme at Heshang Cave,Central China[J].International Journal of Speleology,2008,37(3):143-151.
[24]周厚云,王庆,蔡炳贵.山东开元洞发现典型“北方型”石笋微生长层[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(2):441-442.[ZHOU Houyun,WANG Qing,CAI Binggui.Typical northern type speleothem Micro-layers found in stalagmite KY1collected from Kaiyuan Cave in Shandong Province,North China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(2):441-442.]
[25]王庆,周厚云,迟宏,等.最近千年来山东半岛西部气候环境变化的石笋δ18 O、δ13 C记录(Ⅰ)[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2015,35(5):135-142.[WANG Qing,ZHOU Houyun,CHI Hong,et al.The stalagmite records of climate and environment change on the western Shandong Peninsula during the past 1000years:δ18 O andδ13C values(I)[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2015,35(5):135-142.]
[26] Wang Q,Zhou H Y,Cheng K,et al.The climate reconstruction in Shandong Peninsula,northern China,during the last millennium based on stalagmite laminae together with a comparison toδ18 O[J].Climate of the Past,2016,12:871-881.
[27] Baker A,Genty D.Fluorescence wavelength and intensity variations of cave waters[J].Journal of Hydrology,1999,217:19-34.
[28] Trudgill S T,Pickles A M,Smettem K R J,et al.Soil-water residence time and solute uptake:1.Dye tracing and rainfall events.Journal of Hydrology,1983,60(1-4):257-279.
[29]王新中,班凤梅,潘根兴.洞穴滴水地球化学的空间和时间变化及其控制因素——以北京石花洞为例[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(2):258-264.[WANG XinZhong,BAN Fengmei,Pan Genxing.Temporal and spatial variation of cave dripwater geochemistry in Shihua Cave,Beijing,China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2005,25(2):258-264.]
[30]班凤梅,潘根兴,蔡炳贵,等.北京石花洞洞穴滴水中硫酸根浓度的时空变化及其意义[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(3):243-248.[BAN Fengmei,PAN Genxing,CAI Binggui,et al.Temporal-spatial variation of concentration of the dripwater and its significance in the Shihua Cave,Beijing[J].Carsologica Sinica,2009,28(3):243-248.]
[31]周福莉,李廷勇,陈虹利,等.重庆芙蓉洞洞穴水水文地球化学指标的时空变化[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):253-259.[ZHOU Fuli,LI Tingyong,CHEN Hongli,et al.Spatial and temporal variation of hydrogeochemical indices of the cave water in Furong Cave,Chongqing[J].2012,26(3):253-259.]
[32] Tatár E,Mihucz V G,ZámbóL,et al.Seasonal changes of fulvic acid,Ca and Mg concentrations of water samples collected above and in the Béke Cave of the Aggtelek karst system(Hungary)[J].Applied Geochemistry,2004,19:1727-1733.
[33]郭正堂,刘东生,吴乃琴,等.最后两个冰期黄土中记录的Heinrich型气候节拍[J].第四纪研究,1996,16(1):21-30.[GUO Zhengtang,LIU Dongsheng,WU Naiqin,et al.Heinrich-Rhythm pulses of climates recorded in loess of the last two glaciations[J].Quaternary Sciences,1996,16(1):21-30.]
[34] Broecker W S,Olson E A.Radiocarbon Measurements and Annual Rings in Cave Formations[J].Nature,1960,185:93-94.
[35] Karmann I,Jr F W C,Jr O V,et al.Climate influence on geochemistry parameters of waters from Santana-Pérolas cave system,Brazil[J].Chemical Geology,2007,244:232-247.
[36] McBride M B.Environmental Chemistry of Soils[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1994:406.
[37]陈雪彬,杨平恒,蓝家程,等.降雨条件下岩溶地下水微量元素变化特征及其环境意义[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):123-130.[CHEN Xuebin,YANG Pingheng,LAN Jiacheng,et al.Variation characteristics and environmental significant of trace elements under rainfall condition in karst groundwater[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(1):123-130.]
[38] Morse J W,Bender M L.Partition coefficients in calcite:Examination of factors influencing the validity of experimental results and their application to natural systems[J].Chemical Geology,1990,82:265-277.
[39] Gascoyne M.Trace-element partition coefficients in the calcite-water system and their paleoclimatic significance in cave studies[J].Journal of Hydrology,1983,61(1-3):213-222.
[40] Fairchild I J,Borsato A,Tooth A F,et al.Controls on trace element(Sr-Mg)compositions of carbonate cave waters:implications for speleothem climatic records[J].Chemical Geology,2000,166:255-269.
[41] Atkinson T C.Growth Mechanisms of Speleothems in Castleguard Cave,Columbia Icefields,Alberta,Canada[J].Arctic and Alpine Research,1983,15(4):523-536.
[42] Roberts M S,Smart P L,Baker A.Annual trace element variations in a Holocene speleothem[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1998,154:237-246.
[43]黄嘉仪,陈琳,陈琼,等.广东英德宝晶宫洞穴滴水元素季节变化与影响因素[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1798-1804.[HUANG Jiayi,CHEN Lin,CHEN Qiong,et al.Seasonal variations and controlling factors of the element contents in drip waters collected from the Baojinggong Cave in Guangdong Province[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(5):1798-1804.]
[44] Zhou H Y,Wang Y,Huang L Y,et al.Speleothem Mg,Sr and Ba records during the MIS 5c-d,and implications for paleoclimate change in NE Sichuan,Central China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56:3445-3450.
[45]张伟宏,汪永进,吴江滢,等.南京葫芦洞石笋微量元素记录的末次冰消期气候变化[J].第四纪研究,2014,34(6):1227-1237.[ZHANG Weihong,WANG Yongjin,WU Jiangying,et al.Last deglacial climate variations inferred from trace elements in a stalagmite from Hulu Cave,Nanjing[J].Quaternary Sciences,2014,34(6):1227-1237.]
[46] Ku T L,Li H C.Speleothems as high-resolution paleoenvironment archives:Records from northeastern China[J].Journal of Earth System Science,1998,107(4):321-330.
[2] Johnson K R,Hu C Y,Belshaw N S,et al.Seasonal trace-element and stable-isotope variations in a Chinese speleothem:The potential for high-resolution paleomonsoon reconstruction[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,244:394-407.
[3]张美良,朱晓燕,林玉石,等.洞穴滴(流)水的沉积及溶—侵蚀作用——以桂林盘龙洞为例[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(4):326-333.[ZHANG Meiliang,ZHU Xiaoyan,LIN Yushi,et al.Drip water deposits and erosion-dissolution process by drip water in karst cave——Taking the Panlong cave as an example[J].Carsologica Sinica,2007,26(4):326-333.]
[4] Cobb K M,Adkins J F,Partin J W,et al.Regional-scale climate influences on temporal variations of rainwater and cave dripwater oxygen isotopes in northern Borneo[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007,263:207-220.
[5]蒲俊兵,沈立成,王翱宇,等.重庆丰都雪玉洞水文地球化学指标的时空变化研究[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):49-54.[PU Junbing,SHEN Licheng,WANG Aoyu,et al.Space-time variation of hydro-geochemistry index of the Xueyu cave system in Fengdu county,Chongqing[J].Carsologica Sinica,2009,28(1):49-54.]
[6] Bradley C,Baker A,Jex C N,et al.Hydrological uncertainties in the modelling of cave drip-waterδ18 O and the implications for stalagmite palaeoclimate reconstructions[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2010,29:2201-2214.
[7]张美良,朱晓燕,吴夏,等.桂林洞穴滴水与现代碳酸钙δ18 O记录的环境意义——以桂林七星岩NO.15支洞为例[J].沉积学报,2015,33(4):697-705.[ZHANG Meiliang,ZHU Xiaoyan,WU Xia,et al.Environmental significance ofδ18 O record from cave drip water and recent carbonate deposit at No.15Branching Cave of Seven Star Cave in Guilin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(4):697-705.]
[8] Breitenbach S F M,Lechleitner F A,Meyer H,et al.Cave ventilation and rainfall signals in dripwater in a monsoonal setting-a monitoring study from NE India[J].Chemical Geology,2015,402:111-124.
[9] Fairchild I J,Baker A,Borsato A,et al.Annual to sub-annual resolution of multiple trace-element trends in speleothems[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2001,158:831-841.
[10] Treble P,Shelley J M G,Chappell J.Comparison of high resolution sub-annual records of trace elements in a modern(1911-1992)speleothem with instrumental climate data from southwest Australia[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,216:141-153.
[11] Tremaine D M,Froelich P N.Speleothem trace element signatures:A hydrologic geochemical study of modern cave dripwaters and farmed calcite[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2013,121:522-545.
[12] Casteel R C,Banner J L.Temperature-driven seasonal calcite growth and drip water trace element variations in a well-ventilated Texas cave:Implications for speleothem paleoclimate studies[J].Chemical Geology,2015,392:43-58.
[13] Rau G C,Cuthbert M O,Andersen M S,et al.Controls on cave drip water temperature and implications for speleothembased paleoclimate reconstructions[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2015,127:19-36.
[14] Mattey D,Lowry D,Duffet J,et al.A 53year seasonally resolved oxygen and carbon isotope record from a modern Gibraltar speleothem:Reconstructed drip water and relationship to local precipitation[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,269:80-95.
[15] Mattey D P,Fairchild I J,Atkinson T C,et al.Seasonal microclimate control of calcite fabrics,stable isotopes and trace elements in modern speleothem from St Michaels Cave,Gibraltar[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,2010,336:323-344.
[16] Ruan J Y,Hu C Y.Seasonal variations and environmental controls on stalagmite calcite crystal growth in Heshang Cave,central China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(34):3929-3935.
[17] Huang Y M,Fairchild I J,Borsato A,et al.Seasonal variations in Sr,Mg and P in modern speleothems(Grotta di Ernesto,Italy)[J].Chemical Geology,2001,175:429-448.
[18]衣成城,李延勇,李俊云,等.芙蓉洞洞穴水离子浓度和元素比值变化特征及其环境意义[J].中国岩溶,2011,30(2):200-207.[YI Chengcheng,LI Tingyong,LI Junyun,et al.The variation of element ratio and ion concentration of cave water in the Furong Cave and their implications for environment research[J].Carsologica Sinica,2011,30(2):200-207.]
[19] Baldini J U L,Mcdermott F,Fairchild I J.Spatial variability in cave drip water hydrochemistry:Implications for stalagmite paleoclimate records[J].Chemical Geology,2006,235:390-404.
[20] Borsato A,Johnston V E,Frisia S,et al.Temperature and altitudinal influence on karst dripwater chemistry:Implications for regional-scale palaeoclimate reconstructions from speleothems[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2016,177:275-297.
[21] Casteel R C,Banner J L.Temperature-driven seasonal calcite growth and drip water trace element variations in a well-ventilated Texas cave:Implications for speleothem paleoclimate studies[J].Chemical Geology,2015,392:43-58.
[22] Duan W H,Ruan J Y,Luo W J,et al.The transfer of seasonal isotopic variability between precipitation and drip water at eight caves in the monsoon regions of China[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2016,183:250-266.
[23] Hu C Y,Henderson G M,Huang J H,et al.Report of a three-year monitoring programme at Heshang Cave,Central China[J].International Journal of Speleology,2008,37(3):143-151.
[24]周厚云,王庆,蔡炳贵.山东开元洞发现典型“北方型”石笋微生长层[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(2):441-442.[ZHOU Houyun,WANG Qing,CAI Binggui.Typical northern type speleothem Micro-layers found in stalagmite KY1collected from Kaiyuan Cave in Shandong Province,North China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(2):441-442.]
[25]王庆,周厚云,迟宏,等.最近千年来山东半岛西部气候环境变化的石笋δ18 O、δ13 C记录(Ⅰ)[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2015,35(5):135-142.[WANG Qing,ZHOU Houyun,CHI Hong,et al.The stalagmite records of climate and environment change on the western Shandong Peninsula during the past 1000years:δ18 O andδ13C values(I)[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2015,35(5):135-142.]
[26] Wang Q,Zhou H Y,Cheng K,et al.The climate reconstruction in Shandong Peninsula,northern China,during the last millennium based on stalagmite laminae together with a comparison toδ18 O[J].Climate of the Past,2016,12:871-881.
[27] Baker A,Genty D.Fluorescence wavelength and intensity variations of cave waters[J].Journal of Hydrology,1999,217:19-34.
[28] Trudgill S T,Pickles A M,Smettem K R J,et al.Soil-water residence time and solute uptake:1.Dye tracing and rainfall events.Journal of Hydrology,1983,60(1-4):257-279.
[29]王新中,班凤梅,潘根兴.洞穴滴水地球化学的空间和时间变化及其控制因素——以北京石花洞为例[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(2):258-264.[WANG XinZhong,BAN Fengmei,Pan Genxing.Temporal and spatial variation of cave dripwater geochemistry in Shihua Cave,Beijing,China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2005,25(2):258-264.]
[30]班凤梅,潘根兴,蔡炳贵,等.北京石花洞洞穴滴水中硫酸根浓度的时空变化及其意义[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(3):243-248.[BAN Fengmei,PAN Genxing,CAI Binggui,et al.Temporal-spatial variation of concentration of the dripwater and its significance in the Shihua Cave,Beijing[J].Carsologica Sinica,2009,28(3):243-248.]
[31]周福莉,李廷勇,陈虹利,等.重庆芙蓉洞洞穴水水文地球化学指标的时空变化[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):253-259.[ZHOU Fuli,LI Tingyong,CHEN Hongli,et al.Spatial and temporal variation of hydrogeochemical indices of the cave water in Furong Cave,Chongqing[J].2012,26(3):253-259.]
[32] Tatár E,Mihucz V G,ZámbóL,et al.Seasonal changes of fulvic acid,Ca and Mg concentrations of water samples collected above and in the Béke Cave of the Aggtelek karst system(Hungary)[J].Applied Geochemistry,2004,19:1727-1733.
[33]郭正堂,刘东生,吴乃琴,等.最后两个冰期黄土中记录的Heinrich型气候节拍[J].第四纪研究,1996,16(1):21-30.[GUO Zhengtang,LIU Dongsheng,WU Naiqin,et al.Heinrich-Rhythm pulses of climates recorded in loess of the last two glaciations[J].Quaternary Sciences,1996,16(1):21-30.]
[34] Broecker W S,Olson E A.Radiocarbon Measurements and Annual Rings in Cave Formations[J].Nature,1960,185:93-94.
[35] Karmann I,Jr F W C,Jr O V,et al.Climate influence on geochemistry parameters of waters from Santana-Pérolas cave system,Brazil[J].Chemical Geology,2007,244:232-247.
[36] McBride M B.Environmental Chemistry of Soils[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1994:406.
[37]陈雪彬,杨平恒,蓝家程,等.降雨条件下岩溶地下水微量元素变化特征及其环境意义[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):123-130.[CHEN Xuebin,YANG Pingheng,LAN Jiacheng,et al.Variation characteristics and environmental significant of trace elements under rainfall condition in karst groundwater[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(1):123-130.]
[38] Morse J W,Bender M L.Partition coefficients in calcite:Examination of factors influencing the validity of experimental results and their application to natural systems[J].Chemical Geology,1990,82:265-277.
[39] Gascoyne M.Trace-element partition coefficients in the calcite-water system and their paleoclimatic significance in cave studies[J].Journal of Hydrology,1983,61(1-3):213-222.
[40] Fairchild I J,Borsato A,Tooth A F,et al.Controls on trace element(Sr-Mg)compositions of carbonate cave waters:implications for speleothem climatic records[J].Chemical Geology,2000,166:255-269.
[41] Atkinson T C.Growth Mechanisms of Speleothems in Castleguard Cave,Columbia Icefields,Alberta,Canada[J].Arctic and Alpine Research,1983,15(4):523-536.
[42] Roberts M S,Smart P L,Baker A.Annual trace element variations in a Holocene speleothem[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1998,154:237-246.
[43]黄嘉仪,陈琳,陈琼,等.广东英德宝晶宫洞穴滴水元素季节变化与影响因素[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1798-1804.[HUANG Jiayi,CHEN Lin,CHEN Qiong,et al.Seasonal variations and controlling factors of the element contents in drip waters collected from the Baojinggong Cave in Guangdong Province[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(5):1798-1804.]
[44] Zhou H Y,Wang Y,Huang L Y,et al.Speleothem Mg,Sr and Ba records during the MIS 5c-d,and implications for paleoclimate change in NE Sichuan,Central China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56:3445-3450.
[45]张伟宏,汪永进,吴江滢,等.南京葫芦洞石笋微量元素记录的末次冰消期气候变化[J].第四纪研究,2014,34(6):1227-1237.[ZHANG Weihong,WANG Yongjin,WU Jiangying,et al.Last deglacial climate variations inferred from trace elements in a stalagmite from Hulu Cave,Nanjing[J].Quaternary Sciences,2014,34(6):1227-1237.]
[46] Ku T L,Li H C.Speleothems as high-resolution paleoenvironment archives:Records from northeastern China[J].Journal of Earth System Science,1998,107(4):321-330.