闪电回击过程中高层建筑物顶部感应电流电荷特征分析
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摘要
基于深圳气象局石岩观测基地的梯度塔雷电观测影像,以深圳市地标性建筑物、建筑物群为例,利用COMSOL仿真软件,建立了接近自然闪电的模拟通道,对建筑物周围环境和观测到的实际闪电通道进行建模,研究闪电下行先导接近地面时,与地面凸起的物体(例如高塔和高建筑物)激发上行先导的连接过程。分析得出:在自然闪电发展过程中,高层建筑物对其顶部产生的感应电荷和感应电流的影响,研究得出具体的量化指标,即在绝大多数情况下,高层建筑物对闪电所引起的感应电流和感应电荷的扩大系数在2.0～4.5,同时发现有无相邻建筑物对建筑物顶部感应电荷的扩大系数影响很小。
In this paper, based on the lightning images from observation tower in Shiyan Observatory of Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau and COMSOL simulation, a simulation channel close to natural lightning is established to model the surrounding environment of the building and the observed lightning channel(taking landmark buildings and building groups in Shenzhen as an example). Meanwhile, the connection process between the downward leader and the upstream leader stimulated by the raised objects(such as towers and tall buildings) is analyzed when the downward leader approaches the ground. The influence of the high buildings on the induced charge and current on the top of the natural lightning is also analyzed, and the specific quantitative indicators are obtained. In most cases, the enlargement coefficient of high buildings to the induced charge and current caused by lightning ranges between 2 and 4.5, and that whether there are surrounding buildings or not has little influence on such coefficient.
In this paper, based on the lightning images from observation tower in Shiyan Observatory of Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau and COMSOL simulation, a simulation channel close to natural lightning is established to model the surrounding environment of the building and the observed lightning channel(taking landmark buildings and building groups in Shenzhen as an example). Meanwhile, the connection process between the downward leader and the upstream leader stimulated by the raised objects(such as towers and tall buildings) is analyzed when the downward leader approaches the ground. The influence of the high buildings on the induced charge and current on the top of the natural lightning is also analyzed, and the specific quantitative indicators are obtained. In most cases, the enlargement coefficient of high buildings to the induced charge and current caused by lightning ranges between 2 and 4.5, and that whether there are surrounding buildings or not has little influence on such coefficient.
引文
[1]李国梁,李俊,李享.一次强雷电天气特征分析.气象科技进展,2018,8(5):19-24.
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[7]吕伟涛,张长秀,陈绿文,等.不同高度建筑物对周围地闪活动影响程度的对比.第34届中国气象学会年会,2017.
[8]宿志国,吕伟涛,陈绿文,等.建筑物高度对地闪回击电磁场影响的模拟.应用气象学报,2018,29(4):487-495.
[9]陈绿文,吕伟涛,张义军,等.下行先导对搞建筑物上行先导起始和发展的影响模拟//第34届中国气象学会年会,2017.
[10]杨悦新,邱宗旭,郭宏博,等.深圳市气象观测梯度塔雷电流测量配置及初步结果.广东气象,2017,39(6):51-55.
[2]许洪泽,周梅.ADTD异常对闪电定位资料影响分析.气象科技进展,2018,8(1):33-37.
[3]Warner T A.Upward leader development f rom tall towers in response to downward stepped leaders//International Conference on Lightning Protection.IEEE,2010:1-4.
[4]Gao Y,Lu W,Ma Y,et al.Three-dimensional propagation characteristics of the upward connecting leaders in six negative tallobject flashes in Guangzhou.Atmospheric Research,2014,149:193-203.
[5]Jiang R,Qie X,Wang C,et al.Propagating features of upward positive leaders in the initial stage of rocket-triggered lightning.Atmospheric Research,2013,129-130:90-96.
[6]Wang Z,Qie X,Jiang R,et al.High-speed video observation of stepwise propagation of a natural upward positive leader.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2016,121(24):307-315.
[7]吕伟涛,张长秀,陈绿文,等.不同高度建筑物对周围地闪活动影响程度的对比.第34届中国气象学会年会,2017.
[8]宿志国,吕伟涛,陈绿文,等.建筑物高度对地闪回击电磁场影响的模拟.应用气象学报,2018,29(4):487-495.
[9]陈绿文,吕伟涛,张义军,等.下行先导对搞建筑物上行先导起始和发展的影响模拟//第34届中国气象学会年会,2017.
[10]杨悦新,邱宗旭,郭宏博,等.深圳市气象观测梯度塔雷电流测量配置及初步结果.广东气象,2017,39(6):51-55.