山水林田湖草思想的理论内涵及生态保护修复实践——以广西左右江流域工程试点为例
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摘要
对习近平总书记"山水林田湖草是一个生命共同体"思想的理论内涵进行了解读,并以广西壮族自治区左右江流域山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点为例,进行山水林田湖草生态保护修复实践探索。对左右江流域的区位特征及生态环境问题进行了分析,表明该流域为典型的喀斯特岩溶地貌区,目前石漠化与水土流失问题突出,许多矿山生态破坏和环境污染历史遗留问题亟待解决,生物多样性保护现状堪忧。以流域清水产流机制为理论依据,明确了其山水林田湖草生态保护修复的总体思路与绩效目标,将流域分为山地水源涵养与生物多样性保护区、丘陵水土流失与石漠化治理区、平原污染源控制与环境综合整治区、湿地和水体生态保护与修复区4个功能区,分别提出不同功能区的修复方案;工程试点方案实施1年多,取得了较好的效果,实现了经济效益、社会效益、生态效益良好结合,可为类似项目的实施提供借鉴。
In order to understand and practice the ideology of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland( MRFFLG) life community, the general idea of this theory was interpreted and the practice of ecological protection and restoration was explored, taking the pilot project of Zuojiang-Youjiang River Basin in Guangxi as an example.The regional characteristics and eco-environment of the Zuojiang-Youjiang River Basin was analyzed. The basin is a typical karst geomorphology area and at present, its rocky desertification and soil erosion were prominent problems.Many problems had been left over from the history of ecological damage and environmental pollution in mines needed to be solved urgently, and the current situation of biodiversity protection was still under worrying condition.Based on the theory basis of the mechanism of clean water runoff generation in the watershed, the overall idea and performance target of ecological protection and restoration of MRFFLG were clarified. The watershed was divided into four functional areas: mountain water conservation and biodiversity conservation area, hilly soil erosion and stony desertification control area, plain pollution source control and comprehensive environmental improvement area, and wetland and water body ecological protection and restoration area. The restoration schemes of different functional areas were proposed respectively. The pilot programme has been implemented for more than one year and achieved good results, achieving a good combination of economic, social and ecological benefits, which could provide reference for the implementation of similar projects.
In order to understand and practice the ideology of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland( MRFFLG) life community, the general idea of this theory was interpreted and the practice of ecological protection and restoration was explored, taking the pilot project of Zuojiang-Youjiang River Basin in Guangxi as an example.The regional characteristics and eco-environment of the Zuojiang-Youjiang River Basin was analyzed. The basin is a typical karst geomorphology area and at present, its rocky desertification and soil erosion were prominent problems.Many problems had been left over from the history of ecological damage and environmental pollution in mines needed to be solved urgently, and the current situation of biodiversity protection was still under worrying condition.Based on the theory basis of the mechanism of clean water runoff generation in the watershed, the overall idea and performance target of ecological protection and restoration of MRFFLG were clarified. The watershed was divided into four functional areas: mountain water conservation and biodiversity conservation area, hilly soil erosion and stony desertification control area, plain pollution source control and comprehensive environmental improvement area, and wetland and water body ecological protection and restoration area. The restoration schemes of different functional areas were proposed respectively. The pilot programme has been implemented for more than one year and achieved good results, achieving a good combination of economic, social and ecological benefits, which could provide reference for the implementation of similar projects.
引文
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[8]吴运连,谢国华.赣州山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点的实践与创新[J].环境保护,2018,46(13):80-83.
[9]王夏晖,何军,饶胜,等.山水林田湖草生态保护修复思路与实践[J].环境保护,2018(增刊1):17-20.
[10]王波,王夏晖,张笑千.“山水林田湖草生命共同体”的内涵、特征与实践路径:以承德市为例[J].环境保护,2018,46(7):60-63.
[11]八桂大地起春潮:以习近平同志为核心的党中央关心广西发展纪实[EB/OL].(2018-12-08)[2019-07-25]. http://www.xinhuanet. com/politics/2018-12/08/c_1210011510. htm.
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[13]广西壮族自治区环境质量报告书(2013—2017)[R].南宁:广西壮族自治区环境监测中心站,2018.
[14]金相灿,胡小贞.湖泊流域清水产流机制修复方法及其修复策略[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(3):374-379.JIN X C,HU X Z. Concept and tactic of clean water runoff generation mechanism restoration in lake watershed[J]. China Environmental Science,2010,30(3):374-379.
[15]广西左右江流域革命老区(百色、崇左、南宁)山水林田湖生态保护与修复工程实施方案(2017—2020)[R].北京:中国环境科学研究院,2017.
[2]财政部,国土资源部,环境保护部.关于推进山水林田湖生态保护修复工作的通知:财建〔2016〕725号[A/OL].(2016-09-30)[2019-07-15]. http://jjs. mof. gov. cn/zhengwuxinxi/zhengcefagui/201610/t2016 1008_2432147. html.
[3]薛松.吴起县山水林田湖生态保护修复浅析[J].地下水,2018,40(2):59-61.
[4]王波,王夏晖.推动山水林田湖生态保护修复示范工程落地出成效:以河北围场县为例[J].环境与可持续发展,2017,42(4):11-14.
[5]夏文博.环巢湖地区山水林田湖生态修复治理探讨[J].安徽水利水电职业技术学院学报,2017,17(2):19-21.XIA W B. Discussion on ecological restoration for mountains,rivers,forest,farmland and lakes in Chaohu Lake[J]. Journal of Anhui Technical College of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Power,2017,17(2):19-21.
[6]陈安,杨晓东,余向勇,等.宜昌市山水林田湖生态保护与修复研究[J].环境科学与管理,2018,43(5):125-128.CHEN A,YANG X D,YU X Y,et al. Study on ecological conservation and restoration of life community of mountains,rivers,forests,farmland and lakes in Yichang City[J].Environmental Science and Management,2018,43(5):125-128.
[7]陈艳华,赖庆标.探索“山水林田湖”生命共同体村庄综合整治之路:福建省长汀县南山下村和半坑村的创新实践[J].中国土地,2017(1):46-48.
[8]吴运连,谢国华.赣州山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点的实践与创新[J].环境保护,2018,46(13):80-83.
[9]王夏晖,何军,饶胜,等.山水林田湖草生态保护修复思路与实践[J].环境保护,2018(增刊1):17-20.
[10]王波,王夏晖,张笑千.“山水林田湖草生命共同体”的内涵、特征与实践路径:以承德市为例[J].环境保护,2018,46(7):60-63.
[11]八桂大地起春潮:以习近平同志为核心的党中央关心广西发展纪实[EB/OL].(2018-12-08)[2019-07-25]. http://www.xinhuanet. com/politics/2018-12/08/c_1210011510. htm.
[12]广西壮族自治区环境状况公报[A/OL].(2017-04-20)[2019-07-15]. http://sthjt. gxzf. gov. cn/xxgkml/ztfl/hjzljc/hjzkgb/201506/t20150604_23953. html.
[13]广西壮族自治区环境质量报告书(2013—2017)[R].南宁:广西壮族自治区环境监测中心站,2018.
[14]金相灿,胡小贞.湖泊流域清水产流机制修复方法及其修复策略[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(3):374-379.JIN X C,HU X Z. Concept and tactic of clean water runoff generation mechanism restoration in lake watershed[J]. China Environmental Science,2010,30(3):374-379.
[15]广西左右江流域革命老区(百色、崇左、南宁)山水林田湖生态保护与修复工程实施方案(2017—2020)[R].北京:中国环境科学研究院,2017.
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