沈阳市黑臭水体溶解性有机物组分及其光学特征
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摘要
以沈阳市5条黑臭水体作为研究对象,其中支流I和支流II为重度黑臭,支流III、IV和V为轻度黑臭。运用三维荧光光谱结合平行因子方法对黑臭水体中水溶性有机物(DOM)组分进行了表征,并通过与光谱数据相结合的方法,建立了DOM各组分最大荧光强度(F_(max))与归一化遥感反射率的一元线性回归方程。三维荧光分析结果显示,DOM分为2个类别3种不同组分,分别为类蛋白荧光组分C1(235nm/360nm)、类腐殖质荧光组分C2(220nm/430nm)和C3(255nm/520nm)。水体光谱分析结果表明:在250～800 nm处,有色可溶性有机物吸收系数(a_g)、总悬浮物吸收系数(a_p)曲线均随着波长的增大逐渐减小,空间变化特征明显;在特征波长440 nm处,轻度黑臭水体的有色可溶性有机物吸收系数总体上大于重度黑臭水体,重度黑臭水体总悬浮物吸收系数总体大于轻度黑臭水体。与正常水体相比,在可见光波段,沈阳市黑臭水体遥感反射率普遍较低,出现3个反射峰和1个反射谷。但支流I与其他黑臭水体不同,表面呈白灰色,导致其遥感反射率(R_(rs))呈现与正常水体类似的明显的波峰和波谷,是一类特殊的黑臭水体。线性回归分析表明,由归一化遥感反射率比值R_(688)/R_(555)与DOM组分最大荧光强度所建立的线性模型估算精度最理想。R_(688)/R_(555)与轻度黑臭水体DOM组分F_(max)的拟合程度好于重度黑臭水体。进一步研究表明,R_(688)/R_(555)与色氨酸类物质拟合程度较好,与腐殖质类物质没有明显的线性关系。
In this study, 5 typical black-odorous water bodies in Shenyang city were selected as object, and tributaries I and II were severe black-odorous ones, tributaries III, IV and V were mild black-odorous ones.Excitation-emission matrix(EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC)was employed to analyze the components of dissolved organic matter(DOM). Combining water spectral data, a univariate linear regression equation between the maximum fluorescence intensity(F_(max)) of DOM components and normalized remote sensing reflectance was obtained. The EEM analysis results showed that DOM was decomposed into three components by PARAFAC, including protein-like component C1(235 nm/360 nm), fulviclike component C2(220 nm/430 nm) and humic-like component C3(255 nm/520 nm). Water spectral data showed that the absorbance coefficient(a_g) of colored dissolved organic matter and absorbance coefficient(ap)total suspended matter absorption curves decreased with the increase of wavelength from 250～800 nm, which had an remarkable spatial variation characteristic. At the characteristic wavelength of 440 nm, agvalues of mild black-odorous water bodies were larger than those of severe black-odor water bodies, but apvalues of severe black-odor water bodies were lower than those of mild black-odorous water bodies. Compared with normal water body, the remote sensing reflectance of black and odorous water bodies in Shenyang city was generally lower,with 3 reflection peaks and 1 reflection valley within visible spectrum. However, tributary I was different from others, its surface was white-gray, which results in the obvious peaks and valleys in its remote sensing reflectance(R_(rs)) similar to normal water bodies, it was a special kind of black and odorous water body. The results of linear regression analysis showed that the linear model between the normalized reflectance ratio R_(688)/R_(555) and the maximum fluorescence intensity of DOM components had the best estimation accuracy. The fitting results between R_(688)/R_(555) and F_(max) of mild black and odorous water bodies were better than those of severe black and odorous water bodies. Further studies showed that R_(688)/R_(555) fitted well with tryptophan, but had no obvious linear relationship with humus.
In this study, 5 typical black-odorous water bodies in Shenyang city were selected as object, and tributaries I and II were severe black-odorous ones, tributaries III, IV and V were mild black-odorous ones.Excitation-emission matrix(EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC)was employed to analyze the components of dissolved organic matter(DOM). Combining water spectral data, a univariate linear regression equation between the maximum fluorescence intensity(F_(max)) of DOM components and normalized remote sensing reflectance was obtained. The EEM analysis results showed that DOM was decomposed into three components by PARAFAC, including protein-like component C1(235 nm/360 nm), fulviclike component C2(220 nm/430 nm) and humic-like component C3(255 nm/520 nm). Water spectral data showed that the absorbance coefficient(a_g) of colored dissolved organic matter and absorbance coefficient(ap)total suspended matter absorption curves decreased with the increase of wavelength from 250～800 nm, which had an remarkable spatial variation characteristic. At the characteristic wavelength of 440 nm, agvalues of mild black-odorous water bodies were larger than those of severe black-odor water bodies, but apvalues of severe black-odor water bodies were lower than those of mild black-odorous water bodies. Compared with normal water body, the remote sensing reflectance of black and odorous water bodies in Shenyang city was generally lower,with 3 reflection peaks and 1 reflection valley within visible spectrum. However, tributary I was different from others, its surface was white-gray, which results in the obvious peaks and valleys in its remote sensing reflectance(R_(rs)) similar to normal water bodies, it was a special kind of black and odorous water body. The results of linear regression analysis showed that the linear model between the normalized reflectance ratio R_(688)/R_(555) and the maximum fluorescence intensity of DOM components had the best estimation accuracy. The fitting results between R_(688)/R_(555) and F_(max) of mild black and odorous water bodies were better than those of severe black and odorous water bodies. Further studies showed that R_(688)/R_(555) fitted well with tryptophan, but had no obvious linear relationship with humus.
引文
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[23]黄廷林,方开凯,张春华,等.荧光光谱结合平行因子分析研究夏季周村水库溶解性有机物的分布与来源[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3394-3401.
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[25]CHEN J,ZHU W,TIAN Y Q,et al.Remote estimation of colored dissolved organic matter and chlorophyll-a in Lake Huron using sentinel-2 measurements[J].Journal of Applied Remote Sensing,2017,11(3):36607.
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[27]王爽,马安青,胡娟,等.半封闭海湾Chla浓度遥感反演模型比较性研究[J].海洋环境科学,2019,38(1):76-83.
[28]黄李童,陈江,朱渭宁,等.基于Landsat-8的城市湖泊水体总悬浮物吸收系数的遥感反演[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(10):4073-4082.
[29]WU G,LIU L,CHEN F,et al.Developing MODIS-based retrieval models of suspended particulate matter concentration in Dongting Lake,China[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2014,32:46-53.
[2]黄畅.哈尔滨市曹家沟黑臭预测评价及治理技术[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2017.
[3]于玉彬,黄勇.城市河流黑臭原因及机理的研究进展[J].环境科技,2010,23(增2):111-114.
[4]LU G H,MA Q,ZHANG J H.Analysis of black water aggregation in Taihu Lake[J].Water Science and Engineering,2011,4(4):374-385.
[5]刘国锋,钟继承,何俊,等.太湖竺山湾藻华黑水团区沉积物中Fe、S、P的含量及其形态变化[J].环境科学,2009,30(9):2520-2526.
[6]刘国锋,何俊,范成新,等.藻源性黑水团环境效应:对水-沉积物界面处Fe、Mn、S循环影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(11):2652-2660.
[7]申秋实.藻源性湖泛致黑物质的物化特征及其稳定性研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2011.
[8]YANG L Y,ZHUANG W E,CHEN C T,et al.Unveiling the transformation and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in contrasting hydrothermal vents using fluorescence EEMPARAFAC[J].Water Research,2017,111:195-203.
[9]YU G H,WU M J,LUO Y H,et al.Fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy with regional integration analysis for assessment of compost maturity[J].Waste Management,2011,31:1729-1736.
[10]PAN Y Q,SHEN F,VERHOEF W.An improved spectral optimization algorithm for atmospheric correction over turbid coastal waters:A case study from the Changjiang(Yangtze)estuary and the adjacent coast[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2017,191:197-214.
[11]DUAN H T,TAO M,LOISELLE S A,et al.MODIS observations of cyanobacterial risks in a eutrophic lake:Implications for long-term safety evaluation in drinking-water source[J].Water Research,2017,122:455-470.
[12]吕丽莎.基于三维荧光结合平行因子分析研究海洋有色溶解有机物特征[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2013.
[13]MURPHY R K,STEDMON A C,GRAEBER D,et al.Fluorescence spectroscopy and multi-way techniques.PARAFAC[J].Analytical Methods,2013,5(23):6557-6566.
[14]OHNO T.Fluorescence inner-filtering correction for determining the humification index of dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2002,36(19):742-746.
[15]王书航,王雯雯,姜霞,等.基于三维荧光光谱:平行因子分析技术的蠡湖CDOM分布特征[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(2):517-524.
[16]温爽,王桥,李云梅,等.基于高分影像的城市黑臭水体遥感识别:以南京为例[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):57-67.
[17]唐军武,田国良,汪小勇,等.水体光谱测量与分析:水面以上测量方法[J].遥感学报,2004,8(1):37-44.
[18]STEDMON C A,BRO R.Characterizing dissolved organic matter fluorescence with parallel factor analysis:A tutorial[J].Limnology&Oceanography Methods,2008,6(11):572-579.
[19]STEDMON C A,MARKAGER S.Tracing the production and degradation of autochthonous fractions of dissolved organic matter by fluorescence analysis[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2005,50(5):1415-1426.
[20]LIU R,LEAD J R,ZHUANG H.Combining cross flow ultrafiltration and diffusion gradients in thin-films approaches to determine trace metal speciation in freshwaters[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,2013,109:14-26.
[21]LIU R,LEAD J R,BAKER A.Fluorescence characterization of cross flow ultrafiltration derived freshwater colloidal and dissolved organic matter[J].Chemosphere,2007,68(7):1304-1311.
[22]程庆霖,郑丙辉,王圣瑞,等.滇池水体有色溶解性有机质(CDOM)三维荧光光谱特征[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(3):698-703.
[23]黄廷林,方开凯,张春华,等.荧光光谱结合平行因子分析研究夏季周村水库溶解性有机物的分布与来源[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3394-3401.
[24]曹红业.中国典型城市黑臭水体光学特性分析及遥感识别模型研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.
[25]CHEN J,ZHU W,TIAN Y Q,et al.Remote estimation of colored dissolved organic matter and chlorophyll-a in Lake Huron using sentinel-2 measurements[J].Journal of Applied Remote Sensing,2017,11(3):36607.
[26]DING H,ZHONG J,WU Y,et al.Characteristics and ecological risk assessment of antibiotics in five city lakes in Nanchang city,Lake Poyang catchment[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2017,29(4):848-858.
[27]王爽,马安青,胡娟,等.半封闭海湾Chla浓度遥感反演模型比较性研究[J].海洋环境科学,2019,38(1):76-83.
[28]黄李童,陈江,朱渭宁,等.基于Landsat-8的城市湖泊水体总悬浮物吸收系数的遥感反演[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(10):4073-4082.
[29]WU G,LIU L,CHEN F,et al.Developing MODIS-based retrieval models of suspended particulate matter concentration in Dongting Lake,China[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2014,32:46-53.
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