养殖模式对方斑东风螺生长及主要环境因子的影响
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摘要
为探讨养殖模式对方斑东风螺生长及养殖系统主要环境因子的影响,开展方斑东风螺与玉足海参、细基江蓠的多营养层次综合养殖。试验结果显示,细基江蓠、玉足海参与东风螺混养可显著促进东风螺的生长,养殖成活率提高10.42%,养殖产量提高28.48%,饵料效率提高3.21%;江蓠对养殖水体中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮有较好的净化作用,吸收率分别为60.2%、62.4%;玉足海参对养殖底沙中总氮、总磷、有机碳的去除率分别为40.8%、41.4%、37.9%,显著改善养殖底沙环境;整个养殖过程中,养殖水体弧菌、底沙弧菌和东风螺体内弧菌密度均未出现较大波动。
To explore the effects of culture model on growth and main environmental factors in culture system, the integrated multi-trophic aquculture(IMTA) of snail Babylonia arelata, sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota and seaweed Gracilaria tenuistipitata were studied. The results showed that IMTA significantly promoted the growth of B. arelata, the survival rate increase by 10.42%, the output increase by 28.48%, and the feed efficiency increase by 3.21%. G. tenuistipitata had function of purifying of ammonia-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen, with the corresponding absorption rates of 60.2%, and 62.4%, respectively. The removal rates were found to be 41.4% in total phosphorus of the H. leucospilota, 40.8% in total nitrogen, and 37.9% in organic carbon in the bottom sediment, significantly improving the environment of the bottom sediment. During the whole aquaculture, there was no large fluctuation in Vibrio quantity in water, bottom sediment and B. arelata.
To explore the effects of culture model on growth and main environmental factors in culture system, the integrated multi-trophic aquculture(IMTA) of snail Babylonia arelata, sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota and seaweed Gracilaria tenuistipitata were studied. The results showed that IMTA significantly promoted the growth of B. arelata, the survival rate increase by 10.42%, the output increase by 28.48%, and the feed efficiency increase by 3.21%. G. tenuistipitata had function of purifying of ammonia-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen, with the corresponding absorption rates of 60.2%, and 62.4%, respectively. The removal rates were found to be 41.4% in total phosphorus of the H. leucospilota, 40.8% in total nitrogen, and 37.9% in organic carbon in the bottom sediment, significantly improving the environment of the bottom sediment. During the whole aquaculture, there was no large fluctuation in Vibrio quantity in water, bottom sediment and B. arelata.
引文
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[5] 郑养福.方斑东风螺浮游期聚缩虫病的防治[J].福建水产,2007(2):48-51.
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[18] 王军,田相利,姜文联.仿刺参与鼠尾藻、菊花心江蓠轮养时的生长及对环境因子的影响[J].水产科学,2015,34(9):533-539.
[19] 田相利,李德尚,董双林,等.对虾—罗非鱼—缢蛏封闭式综合养殖的水质研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(2):287-292.
[20] 牛化欣,马甡,田相利,等.菊花心江蓠对中国明对虾养殖环境净化作用的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2006,36(增刊):45-48.
[21] 赵旺,牛津,胡静,等.饲料糖水平对眼斑双锯鱼幼鱼生长性能和体成分的影响[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(3):66-72.
[22] 徐松涛,赵斌,李成林,等.氨氮胁迫对不同规格刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)存活及非特异性免疫酶活性的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(3):172-179.
[23] Yang Y,Chai Z,Wang Q,et al.Cultivation of seaweed Gracilaria in Chinese coastal waters and its contribution to environmental improvements[J].Algal Research,2015(9):236-244.
[24] 赖龙玉,严正凛,钟幼平.4种不同藻类与鲍混养的初步试验[J].集美大学学报:自然科学版,2014,19(2):89-94.
[25] Dzeroski S,Drumm D.Using regression trees to identify the habitat preference of the sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) on Rarotonga,Cook Islands[J].Ecological Modelling,2003,170(2/3):219-226.
[26] 廖玉麟.中国动物志棘皮动物门海参纲[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[27] 于宗赫,胡超群,齐占会,等.玉足海参与凡纳滨对虾的混养效果[J].水产学报,2012,36(7):1081-1087.
[28] 叶乐,赵旺,吴开畅.工厂化养殖系统中方斑东风螺与海参混养试验[C].三亚:南海海洋科技论坛暨第八届海南省科技论坛海洋环境保护与发展分论坛暨南海海上丝绸之路生态环境问题研讨会,2016.
[29] 王大鹏,田相利,董双林,等.对虾、青蛤和江蓠三元混养效益的实验研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2006,36(增刊):20-26.
[30] 孙桂清,赵振良,穆珂馨,等.龙须菜与海湾扇贝多营养层次综合养殖技术研究[J].河北渔业,2015(12):27-30.
[31] 刘璐.东风螺海水养殖生态系统内微生物多样性研究[D].海口:海南大学,2011.
[32] 凌慧,赵旺,王瑞旋,等.工厂化养殖方斑东风螺消化道及养殖环境中细菌数量变动与理化因子的关系[J].海洋环境科学,2018,37(1):62-69.
[33] Li Y,Sun S,Pu X,et al.Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of seaweed resources from Zhejiang coast,China[J].Sustainability,2018,10(7):1-12.
[2] 王江勇,王瑞旋,苏友禄,等.方斑东风螺“急性死亡症”的病原病理研究[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(5):93-99.
[3] 张新中,文万侥,冯永勤,等.方斑东风螺肿吻症病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏分析[J].海洋科学,2010,34(5):7-12.
[4] 李淑芳,邱德全,张继东,等.脱壳病和吻肿病东风螺体内致病菌及条件致病菌菌相研究[J].海洋科学进展,2013,31(2):266-272.
[5] 郑养福.方斑东风螺浮游期聚缩虫病的防治[J].福建水产,2007(2):48-51.
[6] 彭景书,戈贤平,李明,等.方斑东风螺单孢子虫病的研究[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(5):803-807.
[7] 黄海立,余德光.方斑东风螺幼虫纤毛虫病的防治方法[J].科学养鱼,2007(7):56.
[8] 赵旺,吴开畅,王江勇,等.方斑东风螺“翻背症”的病原及初步治疗研究[J].水产科学,2016,35(5):552-556.
[9] 方建光,李钟杰,蒋增杰,等.水产生态养殖与新养殖模式发展战略研究[J].中国工程科学,2016,18(3):22-28.
[10] Chopin T,Buschmann A H,Halling C,et al.Integrating seaweeds into marine aquaculture systems:a key towards sustainability [J].Journal of Phycology,2001,37(6):975-986.
[11] 胡海燕.大型海藻和滤食性贝类在鱼类养殖系统中的生态效应[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2002.
[12] Shpigel M,Guttman L,Shauli L,et al.Ulva lactuca from an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) biofilter system as a protein supplement in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) diet[J].Aquaculture,2017(481):112-118.
[13] 蒋增杰,方建光,毛玉泽,等.海水鱼类网箱养殖的环境效应及多营养层次的综合养殖[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(1):120-124.
[14] 武宇辉,王庆,魏南,等.不同鲍养殖模式下浮游植物群落结构与水质特征的比较[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(6):73-81.
[15] 粟丽,朱长波,陈素文.混养罗非鱼对凡纳滨对虾养殖围隔中悬浮颗粒物和弧菌数量的影响[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(6):19-26.
[16] 郑宗林,郑曙明,王广军,等.河蚌对草鱼混养精养池塘中浮游植物群落结构的影响[J].水产科学,2015,34(12):757-761.
[17] 俞震颉,张文博,刘其根.不同养殖模式及光照对凡纳滨对虾生长和水质的影响[J].水产科学,2016,35(4):321-326.
[18] 王军,田相利,姜文联.仿刺参与鼠尾藻、菊花心江蓠轮养时的生长及对环境因子的影响[J].水产科学,2015,34(9):533-539.
[19] 田相利,李德尚,董双林,等.对虾—罗非鱼—缢蛏封闭式综合养殖的水质研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(2):287-292.
[20] 牛化欣,马甡,田相利,等.菊花心江蓠对中国明对虾养殖环境净化作用的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2006,36(增刊):45-48.
[21] 赵旺,牛津,胡静,等.饲料糖水平对眼斑双锯鱼幼鱼生长性能和体成分的影响[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(3):66-72.
[22] 徐松涛,赵斌,李成林,等.氨氮胁迫对不同规格刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)存活及非特异性免疫酶活性的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(3):172-179.
[23] Yang Y,Chai Z,Wang Q,et al.Cultivation of seaweed Gracilaria in Chinese coastal waters and its contribution to environmental improvements[J].Algal Research,2015(9):236-244.
[24] 赖龙玉,严正凛,钟幼平.4种不同藻类与鲍混养的初步试验[J].集美大学学报:自然科学版,2014,19(2):89-94.
[25] Dzeroski S,Drumm D.Using regression trees to identify the habitat preference of the sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) on Rarotonga,Cook Islands[J].Ecological Modelling,2003,170(2/3):219-226.
[26] 廖玉麟.中国动物志棘皮动物门海参纲[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[27] 于宗赫,胡超群,齐占会,等.玉足海参与凡纳滨对虾的混养效果[J].水产学报,2012,36(7):1081-1087.
[28] 叶乐,赵旺,吴开畅.工厂化养殖系统中方斑东风螺与海参混养试验[C].三亚:南海海洋科技论坛暨第八届海南省科技论坛海洋环境保护与发展分论坛暨南海海上丝绸之路生态环境问题研讨会,2016.
[29] 王大鹏,田相利,董双林,等.对虾、青蛤和江蓠三元混养效益的实验研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2006,36(增刊):20-26.
[30] 孙桂清,赵振良,穆珂馨,等.龙须菜与海湾扇贝多营养层次综合养殖技术研究[J].河北渔业,2015(12):27-30.
[31] 刘璐.东风螺海水养殖生态系统内微生物多样性研究[D].海口:海南大学,2011.
[32] 凌慧,赵旺,王瑞旋,等.工厂化养殖方斑东风螺消化道及养殖环境中细菌数量变动与理化因子的关系[J].海洋环境科学,2018,37(1):62-69.
[33] Li Y,Sun S,Pu X,et al.Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of seaweed resources from Zhejiang coast,China[J].Sustainability,2018,10(7):1-12.
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