种植模式对喀斯特山地农田土壤可溶性氮含量、组分及迁移的影响
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摘要
以贵州喀斯特山地6种不同种植模式农田土壤为对象,研究种植模式对农田土壤可溶性氮含量、组分及迁移的影响。结果表明:6种不同种植模式农田土壤可溶性无机氮(SIN)、可溶性有机氮(SON)和可溶性总氮(TSN)含量分别为3.75～95.15、21.17～155.91和28.76～188.95 mg·kg-1,平均含量分别为26.49、59.76和86.25 mg·kg-1;不同种植模式中SIN含量表现为葱-姜轮作>葱-玉米轮作>葱-水淹休耕>葱-葱连作>葱-休耕>葱-水稻轮作,SON含量表现为葱-葱连作>葱-姜轮作>葱-玉米轮作>葱-水淹休耕>葱-休耕>葱-水稻轮作,TSN含量表现为葱-姜轮作>葱-葱连作>葱-玉米轮作>葱-水淹休耕>葱-休耕>葱-水稻轮作;土壤SON/TSN的比例占60%以上,最高可达82.4%,为农田土壤可溶性氮的主要组分; 6种不同种植模式农田土壤SIN和SON含量在0～60 cm土层中,表现为随着土层的增加而下降;种植模式对农田土壤可溶性氮含量和组分有着显著影响,SON为农田土壤氮流失的主要形态,应引起重视。
We examined the effects of six different cropping patterns on the content,composition and migration of soluble nitrogen in cropland soils in Guizhou karst region. The results showed that the contents of soil soluble inorganic nitrogen( SIN),soluble organic nitrogen( SON) and soluble total nitrogen( TSN) ranged from 3.75 to 95.15 mg·kg-1,21.17 to 155.91 mg·kg-1 and 28.76 to 188. 95 mg · kg-1,with a mean value of 26.49,59.76 and 86.25 mg·kg-1,respectively. The contents of SIN under different cropping patterns were as the following order:chive-ginger rotation land > chive-maize rotation land > chive-waterlogged and fallowed land >chive-chive continuous cultivation land> chive-fallowed land> chive-rice rotation land. For SON,the order was: chive-chive continuous cultivation land> chive-ginger rotation land> chive-maize rotation land > chive-waterlogged and fallowed land > chive-fallowed land > chive-rice rotation land. For TSN,the order was: chive-ginger rotation land> chive-chive continuous cultivation land> chive-maize rotation land > chive-waterlogged and fallowed land > chive-fallowed land > chiverice rotation land. SON and NH4+-N were the main components of soil soluble nitrogen. The SON/TSN ratios were more than 60%,with the highest of 82.4%. The contents of SIN and SON decreased with soil depth at 0-60 cm layers. Our results indicate that cropping patterns have significant impacts on the content and composition of soluble nitrogen in cropland soil. SON is the major form of nitrogen loss from cropland soil,which should be paid attention to.
We examined the effects of six different cropping patterns on the content,composition and migration of soluble nitrogen in cropland soils in Guizhou karst region. The results showed that the contents of soil soluble inorganic nitrogen( SIN),soluble organic nitrogen( SON) and soluble total nitrogen( TSN) ranged from 3.75 to 95.15 mg·kg-1,21.17 to 155.91 mg·kg-1 and 28.76 to 188. 95 mg · kg-1,with a mean value of 26.49,59.76 and 86.25 mg·kg-1,respectively. The contents of SIN under different cropping patterns were as the following order:chive-ginger rotation land > chive-maize rotation land > chive-waterlogged and fallowed land >chive-chive continuous cultivation land> chive-fallowed land> chive-rice rotation land. For SON,the order was: chive-chive continuous cultivation land> chive-ginger rotation land> chive-maize rotation land > chive-waterlogged and fallowed land > chive-fallowed land > chive-rice rotation land. For TSN,the order was: chive-ginger rotation land> chive-chive continuous cultivation land> chive-maize rotation land > chive-waterlogged and fallowed land > chive-fallowed land > chiverice rotation land. SON and NH4+-N were the main components of soil soluble nitrogen. The SON/TSN ratios were more than 60%,with the highest of 82.4%. The contents of SIN and SON decreased with soil depth at 0-60 cm layers. Our results indicate that cropping patterns have significant impacts on the content and composition of soluble nitrogen in cropland soil. SON is the major form of nitrogen loss from cropland soil,which should be paid attention to.
引文
陈效民,吴华山,孙静红.2006.太湖地区农田土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮的时空变异.环境科学,27(6):1217-1222.
陈印平,夏江宝,曹建波,等.2013.黄河三角洲盐碱地不同混交林土壤可溶性有机碳氮的研究.水土保持通报,33(5):87-104.
丁九敏,卜晓莉,刘胜,等.2010.2008年雪灾对武夷山毛竹林土壤微生物生物量氮和可溶性氮的影响.生态学杂志,29(3):517-522.
高贵龙,邓自民,熊康宁,等.2003.喀斯特的呼唤与希望.贵阳:贵州科技出版社.
郭金瑞,宋振伟,彭宪现,等.2015.东北黑土区长期不同种植模式下土壤碳氮特征评价.农业工程学报,31(6):178-185.
郝小雨,马星竹,高中超,等.2015.长期施肥下黑土活性氮和有机氮组分变化特征.中国农业科学,48(23):4707-4716.
何传瑞,全智,解宏图,等.2016.免耕不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤可溶性氮素累积及运移的影响.生态学杂志,35(4):977-983.
柯英,郭鑫年,冀宏杰,等.2014.宁夏灌区不同类型农田土壤氮素累积与迁移特征.农业资源与环境学报,31(1):23-31.
孔祥忠,于红梅,束良佐,等.2015.农田种植模式对土壤可溶性氮素含量及迁移的影响.土壤通报,46(6):1359-1365.
李菡,孙爱清,郭恒俊,等.2010.农田不种种植模式与土壤质量的关系.应用生态学报,21(2):365-372.
吕学军,刘庆,陈印平,等.2011.黄河三角洲土地种植模式对土壤可溶性有机碳、氮的影响.农业现代化研究,32(4):505-508.
牛颖权,李军,杨曦,等.2016.天津盐渍化土壤水溶性氮素组成及分布特征.地球与环境,44(2):169-176.
祁心,江长胜,郝庆菊,等.2015.缙云山不同土地种植模式对土壤活性有机碳、氮组分的影响.环境科学,36(10):3816-3824.
任明强,张家德,卢正艳,等.2009.贵州喀斯特与非喀斯特农业生态地质环境质量对比研究.中国岩溶,28(4):397-401.
沈玉芳,陶武辉,李世清.2011.黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区施肥对黑麦草农田土壤水溶性有机碳、氮的影响.自然资源学报,26(8):1387-1393.
王洁,杨曦,朱兆洲,等.2015.青藏高原土壤可溶性氮组成特征.生态学杂志,34(6):1660-1666.
王世杰,李阳兵.2007.喀斯特石漠化研究存在的问题与发展趋势.地球科学进展,22(6):573-582.
王文颖,李文全,周华坤,等.2016.高寒人工草地土壤可溶性有机氮库和无机氮库动态变化.生态环境学报,25(1):30-35.
谢泽宇,罗珠珠,李玲玲,等.2017.黄土高原不同粮草种植模式土壤碳氮及土壤酶活性.草业科学,34(11):2191-2199.
肖好燕,刘宝,余再鹏,等.2016.亚热带典型林分对表层和深层土壤可溶性有机碳、氮的影响.应用生态学报,27(4):1031-1038.
杨静,聂三安,杨文浩,等.2018.不同施肥水稻土可溶性有机氮组分差异及影响因素.土壤学报,55(4):955-966.
杨绒,严德翼,周建斌,等.2007.黄土区不同类型土壤可溶性有机氮的含量及特性.生态学报,27(4):1397-1403.
叶花,魏荔,赵小蓉,等.2011.京郊典型农田土壤易流失氮组分及含量特征与差异.农业环境科学学报,30(5):925-929.
赵满兴,王文强.2009.延安人工林地土壤可溶性有机氮(SON)含量分析.安徽农业科学,37(6):2617-2619.
周碧青,陈成榕,张黎明,等.2016.亚热带不同果园土壤可溶性有机氮季节动态及其影响因素.农业环境科学学报,35(9):1735-1741.
周晓光,黄丹枫,葛体达,等.2010.有机和常规蔬菜生产系统土壤可溶性有机氮含量及特征.上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,28(5):420-438.
张彪,高人,杨玉盛,等.2010.万木林自然保护区不同林分土壤可溶性有机氮含量.应用生态学报,21(7):1635-1640.
张殿发,王世杰,李瑞玲.2002.贵州喀斯特山区生态环境脆弱性研究.地理学与国土研究,18(1):77-79.
张宏威,康凌云,梁斌,等.2013.长期大量施肥增加设施菜田土壤可溶性有机氮淋溶风险.农业工程学报,29(21):99-107.
Christou M,Avramides EJ,Roberts JP,et al.2005.Dissolved organic nitrogen in contrasting agricultural ecosystems.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,37:1560-1563.
Fang YT,Zhu WX,Gundersen P,et al.2009.Large loss of dissolved organic nitrogen from nitrogen-saturated forests in Subtropical China.Ecosystems,12:33-45.
Hua KK,Zhu B.2018.Dissolved organic nitrogen fluxes and crop yield after long-term crop straw incorporation.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,112:133-146.
Huang CY,Jien SH,Chen TH,et al.2014.Soluble organic Cand N and their relationships with soil organic C and N and microbial characteristics in moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)plantations along an elevation gradient in Central Taiwan.Journal of Soils and Sediments,14:1061-1070.
Huang J,Xu CC,Ridoutt BG,et al.2017.Nitrogen and phosphorus losses and eutrophication potential associated with fertilizer application to cropland in China.Journal of Cleaner Production,159:171-179.
Lusk M,Toor G.2016.Dissolved organic nitrogen in urban streams:biodegradability and molecular composition studies.Water Research,96:225-235.
Lusk MG,Toor GS,Inglett PW.2018.Characterization of dissolved organic nitrogen in leachate from a newly established and fertilized turfgrass.Water Research,131:52-61.
Michalzik B,Matzner E.1999.Dynamics of dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon in a Central European Norway spruce ecosystem.European Journal of Soil Science,50:579-590.
Murphy DV,Macdonald AJ,Stockdale EA,et al.2000.Soluble organic nitrogen in agricultural soils.Biology and Fertility of Soils,30:374-387.
Nie SA,Zhao LX,Lei XM,et al.2018.Dissolved organic nitrogen distribution in differently fertilized paddy soil profiles:Implications for its potential loss.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,262:58-64.
Qualls RG,Haines BL,Swank WT.1991.Fluxes of dissolved organic nutrients and humic substances in a deciduous forest.Ecology,72:254-266.
Siemens J,Kaupenjohann M.2002.Contribution of dissolved organic nitrogen to N leaching from four German agricultural soils.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,165:675-681.
Song G,Zhao X,Wang SQ,et al.2015.Dissolved organic nitrogen leaching from rice-wheat rotated agroecosystem in Southern China.Pedosphere,25:93-102.
Song LC,Hao J M,Cui XY.2008.Soluble organic nitrogen in forest soils of Northeast China.Journal of Forestry Research,19:53-57.
Song XW,Gao Y,Green SM,et al.2017.Nitrogen loss from karst area in China in recent 50 years:An in-situ simulated rainfall experiment’s assessment.Ecology and Evolution,7:10131-10142.
Tiemeyer B,Kahl P.2014.Nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)losses from an articially drained grassland on organic soils.Biogeosciences,11:4123-4137.
Wang LY,Zheng XL,Tian FF,et al.2018.Soluble organic nitrogen cycling in soils after application of chemical organic amendments and groundwater pollution implications.Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,217:43-51.
Willett VB,Green JJ,Macdonald AJ,et al.2004.Impact of land use on soluble organic nitrogen in soil.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,4:53-60.
Yusuf S,Audu AA,Wazir M.2017.Comparative assessment of the environmental dynamics of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)and dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP)from three wetlands in Northern Nigeria.Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science,25:151-162.
陈印平,夏江宝,曹建波,等.2013.黄河三角洲盐碱地不同混交林土壤可溶性有机碳氮的研究.水土保持通报,33(5):87-104.
丁九敏,卜晓莉,刘胜,等.2010.2008年雪灾对武夷山毛竹林土壤微生物生物量氮和可溶性氮的影响.生态学杂志,29(3):517-522.
高贵龙,邓自民,熊康宁,等.2003.喀斯特的呼唤与希望.贵阳:贵州科技出版社.
郭金瑞,宋振伟,彭宪现,等.2015.东北黑土区长期不同种植模式下土壤碳氮特征评价.农业工程学报,31(6):178-185.
郝小雨,马星竹,高中超,等.2015.长期施肥下黑土活性氮和有机氮组分变化特征.中国农业科学,48(23):4707-4716.
何传瑞,全智,解宏图,等.2016.免耕不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤可溶性氮素累积及运移的影响.生态学杂志,35(4):977-983.
柯英,郭鑫年,冀宏杰,等.2014.宁夏灌区不同类型农田土壤氮素累积与迁移特征.农业资源与环境学报,31(1):23-31.
孔祥忠,于红梅,束良佐,等.2015.农田种植模式对土壤可溶性氮素含量及迁移的影响.土壤通报,46(6):1359-1365.
李菡,孙爱清,郭恒俊,等.2010.农田不种种植模式与土壤质量的关系.应用生态学报,21(2):365-372.
吕学军,刘庆,陈印平,等.2011.黄河三角洲土地种植模式对土壤可溶性有机碳、氮的影响.农业现代化研究,32(4):505-508.
牛颖权,李军,杨曦,等.2016.天津盐渍化土壤水溶性氮素组成及分布特征.地球与环境,44(2):169-176.
祁心,江长胜,郝庆菊,等.2015.缙云山不同土地种植模式对土壤活性有机碳、氮组分的影响.环境科学,36(10):3816-3824.
任明强,张家德,卢正艳,等.2009.贵州喀斯特与非喀斯特农业生态地质环境质量对比研究.中国岩溶,28(4):397-401.
沈玉芳,陶武辉,李世清.2011.黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区施肥对黑麦草农田土壤水溶性有机碳、氮的影响.自然资源学报,26(8):1387-1393.
王洁,杨曦,朱兆洲,等.2015.青藏高原土壤可溶性氮组成特征.生态学杂志,34(6):1660-1666.
王世杰,李阳兵.2007.喀斯特石漠化研究存在的问题与发展趋势.地球科学进展,22(6):573-582.
王文颖,李文全,周华坤,等.2016.高寒人工草地土壤可溶性有机氮库和无机氮库动态变化.生态环境学报,25(1):30-35.
谢泽宇,罗珠珠,李玲玲,等.2017.黄土高原不同粮草种植模式土壤碳氮及土壤酶活性.草业科学,34(11):2191-2199.
肖好燕,刘宝,余再鹏,等.2016.亚热带典型林分对表层和深层土壤可溶性有机碳、氮的影响.应用生态学报,27(4):1031-1038.
杨静,聂三安,杨文浩,等.2018.不同施肥水稻土可溶性有机氮组分差异及影响因素.土壤学报,55(4):955-966.
杨绒,严德翼,周建斌,等.2007.黄土区不同类型土壤可溶性有机氮的含量及特性.生态学报,27(4):1397-1403.
叶花,魏荔,赵小蓉,等.2011.京郊典型农田土壤易流失氮组分及含量特征与差异.农业环境科学学报,30(5):925-929.
赵满兴,王文强.2009.延安人工林地土壤可溶性有机氮(SON)含量分析.安徽农业科学,37(6):2617-2619.
周碧青,陈成榕,张黎明,等.2016.亚热带不同果园土壤可溶性有机氮季节动态及其影响因素.农业环境科学学报,35(9):1735-1741.
周晓光,黄丹枫,葛体达,等.2010.有机和常规蔬菜生产系统土壤可溶性有机氮含量及特征.上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,28(5):420-438.
张彪,高人,杨玉盛,等.2010.万木林自然保护区不同林分土壤可溶性有机氮含量.应用生态学报,21(7):1635-1640.
张殿发,王世杰,李瑞玲.2002.贵州喀斯特山区生态环境脆弱性研究.地理学与国土研究,18(1):77-79.
张宏威,康凌云,梁斌,等.2013.长期大量施肥增加设施菜田土壤可溶性有机氮淋溶风险.农业工程学报,29(21):99-107.
Christou M,Avramides EJ,Roberts JP,et al.2005.Dissolved organic nitrogen in contrasting agricultural ecosystems.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,37:1560-1563.
Fang YT,Zhu WX,Gundersen P,et al.2009.Large loss of dissolved organic nitrogen from nitrogen-saturated forests in Subtropical China.Ecosystems,12:33-45.
Hua KK,Zhu B.2018.Dissolved organic nitrogen fluxes and crop yield after long-term crop straw incorporation.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,112:133-146.
Huang CY,Jien SH,Chen TH,et al.2014.Soluble organic Cand N and their relationships with soil organic C and N and microbial characteristics in moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)plantations along an elevation gradient in Central Taiwan.Journal of Soils and Sediments,14:1061-1070.
Huang J,Xu CC,Ridoutt BG,et al.2017.Nitrogen and phosphorus losses and eutrophication potential associated with fertilizer application to cropland in China.Journal of Cleaner Production,159:171-179.
Lusk M,Toor G.2016.Dissolved organic nitrogen in urban streams:biodegradability and molecular composition studies.Water Research,96:225-235.
Lusk MG,Toor GS,Inglett PW.2018.Characterization of dissolved organic nitrogen in leachate from a newly established and fertilized turfgrass.Water Research,131:52-61.
Michalzik B,Matzner E.1999.Dynamics of dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon in a Central European Norway spruce ecosystem.European Journal of Soil Science,50:579-590.
Murphy DV,Macdonald AJ,Stockdale EA,et al.2000.Soluble organic nitrogen in agricultural soils.Biology and Fertility of Soils,30:374-387.
Nie SA,Zhao LX,Lei XM,et al.2018.Dissolved organic nitrogen distribution in differently fertilized paddy soil profiles:Implications for its potential loss.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,262:58-64.
Qualls RG,Haines BL,Swank WT.1991.Fluxes of dissolved organic nutrients and humic substances in a deciduous forest.Ecology,72:254-266.
Siemens J,Kaupenjohann M.2002.Contribution of dissolved organic nitrogen to N leaching from four German agricultural soils.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,165:675-681.
Song G,Zhao X,Wang SQ,et al.2015.Dissolved organic nitrogen leaching from rice-wheat rotated agroecosystem in Southern China.Pedosphere,25:93-102.
Song LC,Hao J M,Cui XY.2008.Soluble organic nitrogen in forest soils of Northeast China.Journal of Forestry Research,19:53-57.
Song XW,Gao Y,Green SM,et al.2017.Nitrogen loss from karst area in China in recent 50 years:An in-situ simulated rainfall experiment’s assessment.Ecology and Evolution,7:10131-10142.
Tiemeyer B,Kahl P.2014.Nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)losses from an articially drained grassland on organic soils.Biogeosciences,11:4123-4137.
Wang LY,Zheng XL,Tian FF,et al.2018.Soluble organic nitrogen cycling in soils after application of chemical organic amendments and groundwater pollution implications.Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,217:43-51.
Willett VB,Green JJ,Macdonald AJ,et al.2004.Impact of land use on soluble organic nitrogen in soil.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,4:53-60.
Yusuf S,Audu AA,Wazir M.2017.Comparative assessment of the environmental dynamics of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)and dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP)from three wetlands in Northern Nigeria.Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science,25:151-162.