准东地区土壤重金属污染特征及来源分析
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摘要
本文以准东地区不同区域为研究对象,共采集168个表层土壤样品测定了Zn、Cu、Cr、Hg、Pb和As等6种重金属含量,运用内梅罗综合污染指数和污染负荷指数法对该地区进行了总体污染评价,并利用多元统计学方法解析了其污染来源。研究表明:Cr、Pb、Hg和As等元素均值都超出了新疆土壤背景值,超标率在30%～100%之间,存在较严重的污染,主要受自然和人为因子的共同影响;Zn和Cu元素污染处在警戒水平,而As、Cr、Pb和Hg元素污染贡献较大,不同区域污染程度依次为A区>B区>C区;多元统计分析可知,Zn、Cu、Cr和As元素存在较高的相关性,Pb与其他元素均没有显著相关关系;Zn和Cu元素污染来自成土母质,Pb元素污染源可能与交通尾气排放和轮胎磨损有关,Cr和As元素受到了煤炭开采、工业生产和农业活动等人为污染的影响,应引起重视。
This paper takes different regions of Zhundong area as the research site,and collects the 168 soil samples for measuring the content of heavy metals including Zn、Cu、Cr、Hg、As and Pb.For evaluating soil pollution characteristics,the Nemerow pollution index(PN)and pollution load index(PLI)are calculated,and based on the multivariable statistics pollution sources of the heavy metals are analyzed.The research results indicate that the average contents of Cr,Pb,Hg and As exceed the background value,exceeding standard rate between 30% and 100%,and have the heavy pollution trend,predominantly get the influences of anthropogenic and natural pollution sources;the places where affect by Zn and Cu are under the alert level,and Cr,Pb,Hg and As contributes more for pollution,regions contamination degree in the order of region A>region B>region C;the multivariable statistical analysis showes that there are significant correlation between Zn、Cu、Cr and As,and Pb have low correlation with the other elements;Zn and Cu may originate from parent materials,and Pb may derive from emission gases and tier wear,and As and Cr may affect by anthropogenic activities such as coal mining activities,industrial production and agricultural activity.
This paper takes different regions of Zhundong area as the research site,and collects the 168 soil samples for measuring the content of heavy metals including Zn、Cu、Cr、Hg、As and Pb.For evaluating soil pollution characteristics,the Nemerow pollution index(PN)and pollution load index(PLI)are calculated,and based on the multivariable statistics pollution sources of the heavy metals are analyzed.The research results indicate that the average contents of Cr,Pb,Hg and As exceed the background value,exceeding standard rate between 30% and 100%,and have the heavy pollution trend,predominantly get the influences of anthropogenic and natural pollution sources;the places where affect by Zn and Cu are under the alert level,and Cr,Pb,Hg and As contributes more for pollution,regions contamination degree in the order of region A>region B>region C;the multivariable statistical analysis showes that there are significant correlation between Zn、Cu、Cr and As,and Pb have low correlation with the other elements;Zn and Cu may originate from parent materials,and Pb may derive from emission gases and tier wear,and As and Cr may affect by anthropogenic activities such as coal mining activities,industrial production and agricultural activity.
引文
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[2] SOFFIANIAN A,MADANI E S,ARABI M.Risk assessment of heavy metal soil pollution through principal components analysis and false color composition in Hamadan province,Iran[J].Environmental Systems Research,2014,3(1):1-14.
[3]戴彬，吕建树，战金成，等．山东省典型工业城市土壤重金属来源、空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J]．环境科学，2015,36(2):507-515.DAI Bin,LYU Jianshu,ZHAN Jincheng,et al.Assessment of sources,spatial distribution and ecological risk of heavy metals in soils in a typical industry-based city of Shandong province,eastern China[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(2):507-515.
[4]张慧敏．人类强烈影响地区土壤与灰尘中重金属的污染特征及风险评价[D]．杭州：浙江大学，2017.
[5]孙贤斌，李玉成．淮南大通煤矿废弃地土壤重金属空间分布及变异特征[J]．地理科学，2013,33(10):1238-1244.SUN Xianbin,LI Yucheng.The spatial distribution of soil heavy metals and variation characteristics of Datong abandoned coal mine area in Huainan city[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(10):1238-1244.
[6] LIU Y,LEI S,CHEN X.Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of the coal mining city,Huainan,east China[J].Human&Ecological Risk Assessment,2016,22(6):1359-1374.
[7]邓文博，李旭祥．关中地区土壤重金属空间分布特征及其污染评价[J]．地球环境学报，2015,6(4):219-223.DENG Wenbo,LI Xuxiang.Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in soil from Guanzhong area[J].Journal of Earth Environment,2015,6(4):219-223.
[8]陈星，马建华，李新宁，等．基于棕地的居民小区土壤重金属健康风险评价[J]．环境科学，2014,35(3):1068-1074.CHEN Xing,MA Jianhua,LI Xinning,et al.Health risk assessment of soil heavy metals in residential communities built on brownfields[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(3):1068-1074.
[9]刘硕，吴泉源，曹学江，等．龙口煤矿区土壤重金属污染评价与空间分布特征[J]．环境科学，2016,37(1):270-279.LIU Shuo,WU Quanyuan,CAO Xuejiang,et al.Pollution assessment and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soils of coal mining area in Longkou city[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(1):270-279.
[10]高文文，白中科，余勤飞．煤矿工业场地土壤重金属污染评价[J]．中国矿业，2015,24(8):59-64.GAO Wenwen,BAI Zhongke,YU Qinfei.Evaluation of soil heavy metal pollution in coal mine industrial site[J].China Mining Magazine,2015,24(8):59-64.
[11]张海威，张飞，夏楠．准东地区不同区域土壤重金属关联性分析及空间分布[J]．中国矿业，2017,26(5):74-80.ZHANG Haiwei,ZHANG Fei,XIA Nan.Correlation analysis and spatial distribution of soil heavy metals with different regions in Zhundong area[J].China Mining Magazine,2017,26(5):74-80.
[12]杨玉敏，师学义，张琛，等．基于内梅罗指数法的复垦村庄土壤重金属污染评价及空间分布[J]．水土保持研究，2016,23(4):338-343.YANG Yumin,SHI Xueyi,ZHANG Chen,et al.Spatial distribution and evaluation of heavy metal pollution of reclaiming village based on Nemerrow integrated pollution index method[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(4):338-343.
[13]中国环境监测总站．中国土壤元素背景值[M]．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1990.
[14] WILDING L P.Spatial variability:its documentation,accommodation and implication to soil survey[R].1985.