巴中北部岩溶山区地下水化学特征及演化分析
|
摘要
为研究我国南、北岩溶发育过渡带地下水的水文地球化学特征及形成机制.采集巴中市北部双峰垭地区25组地下水样品,运用描述性统计分析、变异系数、Schoeller图、舒卡列夫分类、Piper图解、Gibbs与离子比例系数等方法对研究区岩溶水化学及分布特征进行分析,并探讨控制地下水化学演化的主要过程.结果表明,研究区南、北地下水存在一定的差异,北区地下水阴阳离子以HCO3-、Ca2+和Mg2+为主,水化学类型以HCO3-Ca·Mg型为主,南区地下水阴阳离子以HCO3-和Ca2+为主,水化学类型以HCO3-Ca型为主;地下水水文地球化学演化过程均受水-岩作用和阳离子交替吸附作用的控制,但对比之下南区蒸发结晶作用比北区更加强烈,北区大气降雨作用更加显著;气候与岩性的差异是导致研究区南、北部地下水化学存在差异的主要原因.
To study the hydrogeochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of groundwater in a karst development transition zone in southern and northern China,25 groundwater samples were collected from the Shuangfengya area in the northern part of Bazhong City. Descriptive statistics,coefficients of variation,Schoeller diagrams,Sukalev classification,Piper diagrams,and Gibbs and ion scale coefficients were used to analyze the karst water chemistry and distribution characteristics. The main processes controlling the chemical evolution of the groundwater are also discussed. The research shows that the degree of groundwater mineralization in the study area is generally low,with mostly neutral water and alkaline water. There are some differences in groundwater between the northern and southern regions; the anions and cations in the groundwater in the northern area were mainly HCO_3~-,Ca2 +,and Mg2 +,with HCO_3~-Ca·Mg being the main water chemistry type; the anions and cations in the groundwater in the northern area were mainly HCO_3~-,and Ca2 +,and HCO_3~-Ca was the main water chemistry type. The chemical character of groundwater was controlled by rock weathering and alternate cation adsorption,and evaporation crystallization in the southern region was more significant than in the northern region. Furthermore,rainfall in the northern region had a more significant effect on groundwater geochemistry than in the south. The differences in climate and lithology between the northern and southern region are the dominant factors influencing the differences in hydrochemistry.
To study the hydrogeochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of groundwater in a karst development transition zone in southern and northern China,25 groundwater samples were collected from the Shuangfengya area in the northern part of Bazhong City. Descriptive statistics,coefficients of variation,Schoeller diagrams,Sukalev classification,Piper diagrams,and Gibbs and ion scale coefficients were used to analyze the karst water chemistry and distribution characteristics. The main processes controlling the chemical evolution of the groundwater are also discussed. The research shows that the degree of groundwater mineralization in the study area is generally low,with mostly neutral water and alkaline water. There are some differences in groundwater between the northern and southern regions; the anions and cations in the groundwater in the northern area were mainly HCO_3~-,Ca2 +,and Mg2 +,with HCO_3~-Ca·Mg being the main water chemistry type; the anions and cations in the groundwater in the northern area were mainly HCO_3~-,and Ca2 +,and HCO_3~-Ca was the main water chemistry type. The chemical character of groundwater was controlled by rock weathering and alternate cation adsorption,and evaporation crystallization in the southern region was more significant than in the northern region. Furthermore,rainfall in the northern region had a more significant effect on groundwater geochemistry than in the south. The differences in climate and lithology between the northern and southern region are the dominant factors influencing the differences in hydrochemistry.
引文
[1]魏兴,周金龙,乃尉华,等.新疆喀什三角洲地下水SO24-化学特征及来源[J].环境科学,2019,40(8):3550-3558.Wei X,Zhou J L,Nai W H,et al. Chemical characteristics and sources of groundwater sulfate in Kashgar Delta,Xinjiang[J].Environmental Science,2019,40(8):3550-3558.
[2] Xing L N,Guo H M,Zhan Y H. Groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and processes along flow paths in the North China Plain[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,70-71:250-264.
[3] Adams S, Titus R, Pietersen K, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics of aquifers near Sutherland in the Western Karoo,South Africa[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2001,241(1-2):91-103.
[4]马燕华,苏春利,刘伟江,等.水化学和环境同位素在示踪枣庄市南部地下水硫酸盐污染源中的应用[J].环境科学,2016,37(12):4690-4699.Ma Y H,Su C L,Liu W J,et al. Identification of sulfate sources in the groundwater system of Zaozhuang:evidences from isotopic and hydrochemical characteristics[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(12):4690-4699.
[5]张雅,苏春利,马燕华,等.水化学和环境同位素对济南东源饮用水源地地下水演化过程的指示[J].环境科学,2019,40(6):2667-2674.Zhang Y,Su C L,Ma Y H,et al. Indicators of groundwater evolution processes based on hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes:A case study of the Dongyuan drinking water source area in Ji'nan City[J]. Environmental Science,2019,40(6):2667-2674.
[6] Wu P, Tang C Y, Zhu L J, et al. Hydrogeochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the karst basin,southwest China[J]. Hydrological Processes,2009,23(14):2012-2022.
[7] Pu J B,Yuan D X,Zhang C,et al. Hydrogeochemistry and possible sulfate sources in karst groundwater in Chongqing,China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,68(1):159-168.
[8] Wang J L, Jin M G, Jia B J, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and geothermometry applications of thermal groundwater in northern Jinan, Shandong, China[J].Geothermics,2015,57:185-195.
[9]罗飞,苏春田,潘晓东,等典型岩溶丘陵区地下水水化学特征及地球化学敏感性分析———以武冈东部地区为例[J].中国岩溶,2018,37(2):211-217.Luo F,Su C T,Pan X D,et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and geochemical sensitivity of groundwater in typical karst hilly regions:A case study of Eastern Wugang[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2018,37(2):211-217.
[10]盛婷,杨平恒,陈峰,等.典型岩溶泉主要化学成分来源及地球化学敏感性研究[J].中国岩溶,2018,37(6):827-834.Sheng T, Yang P H, Chen F, et al. Study on sources of chemical elements and geochemical susceptibility of a typical karst spring[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2018,37(6):827-834.
[11]樊连杰,裴建国,邹胜章,等.重庆市南川区南部岩溶地下水水文地球化学特征[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(5):697-703.Fan L J, Pei J G, Zou S Z, et al. Hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst groundwater in southern Nanchuan district of Chongqing[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2017,36(5):697-703.
[12]袁建飞,邓国仕,徐芬,等.毕节市北部岩溶地下水水文地球化学特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(1):12-21.Yuan J F, Deng G S, Xu F, et al. Hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst groundwater in the northern part of the city of Bijie[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(1):12-21.
[13]张超,张保祥,张吉圣,等.肥城市岩溶水水化学特征及形成机制[J].中国岩溶,2018,37(5):698-707.Zhang C, Zhang B X, Zhang J S, et al. Analysis of hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of karst water in Feicheng City[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2018,37(5):698-707.
[14]黄奇波,覃小群,刘朋雨,等.柳林泉域岩溶地下水区域演化规律及控制因素[J].环境科学,2019,40(5):2132-2142.Huang Q B,Qin X Q,Liu P Y,et al. Regional evolution and control factors of karst groundwater in Liulin Spring catchment[J]. Environmental Science,2019,40(5):2132-2142.
[15]王珺瑜,王家乐,靳孟贵.济南泉域岩溶水水化学特征及其成因[J].地球科学,2017,42(5):821-831.Wang J Y,Wang J L,Jin M G. Hydrochemical characteristics and formation causes of karst water in Jinan Spring Catchment[J]. Earth Science,2017,42(5):821-831.
[16]王焰新,高旭波.人类活动影响下娘子关岩溶水系统地球化学演化[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(2):103-112.Wang Y X,Gao X B. Geochemical evolution of the Niangziguan karst water system under the impact of human activities[J].Carsologica Sinica,2009,28(2):103-112.
[17] Güler C,Kurt M A,Alpaslan M,et al. Assessment of the impact of anthropogenic activities on the groundwater hydrology and chemistry in Tarsus coastal plain(Mersin,SE Turkey)using fuzzy clustering,multivariate statistics and GIS techniques[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,414-415:435-451.
[18] LI P Y,Qian H,Wu J H,et al. Geochemical modeling of groundwater in southern plain area of Pengyang County,Ningxia,China[J]. Water Science and Engineering,2010,3(3):282-291.
[19] GB/T 14157-1993,水文地质术语[S].GB/T 14157-1993,Hydrogeologic terminology[S].
[20] Zhou F Y,Sun S Q,Molnar J J. Evaluation of the Development of circular agriculture in Sichuan Province based on the coefficient of variation[J]. Asian Agricultural Research,2015,7(3):56-60.
[21] Schoeller H. Géochimie des eaux souterraines:application aux eaux des gisements de pétrole[M]. Paris:Sociéteédeséditions Technip,1956.
[22] Piper A M. A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses[J]. Eos,Transactions,American Geophysical Union,1944,25(6):914-928.
[23] Zhou P P, Wang Z M, Zhang J Y, et al. Study on the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater along the Taklimakan Desert Highway[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(20):1378.
[24]唐金平,张强,胡漾,等.湔江冲洪积扇地下水化学特征及控制因素分析[J].环境科学,2019,40(7):3089-3098.Tang J P, Zhang Q, Hu Y, et al. Groundwater chemical characteristics and controlling factors analysis in alluvial fan of Jianjiang River[J]. Environmental Science,2019,40(7):3089-3098.
[25] Gibbs R J. Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry[J].Science,1970,170(3962):1088-1090.
[26] Gibbs R J. Water chemistry of the Amazon River[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1972,36(9):1061-1066.
[27] Xiao J,Jin Z D,Wang J,et al. Hydrochemical characteristics,controlling factors and solute sources of groundwater within the Tarim River Basin in the extreme arid region, NW Tibetan Plateau[J]. Quaternary International,2015,380-381:237-246.
[28] Thakur T, Rishi M S, Naik P K, et al. Elucidating hydrochemical properties of groundwater for drinking and agriculture in parts of Punjab,India[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(6):467.
[29] Gaillardet J, DupréB, Louvat P, et al. Global silicate weathering and CO2consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers[J]. Chemical Geology,1999,159(1-4):3-30.
[30] Oliva P,DupréB,Martin F,et al. The role of trace minerals in chemical weathering in a high-elevation granitic watershed(Estibère,France):chemical and mineralogical evidence[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2004,68(10):2223-2243.
[31] Meybeck M. Global occurrence of major elements in rivers[J].Treatise on Geochemistry,2003,5:207-223.
[32]韩贵琳,唐杨,谭秋.喀斯特森林雨水的地球化学特征———以贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区为例[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2008,27(4):363-368.Han G L,Tang Y,Tan Q. Geochemical composition of rainwater in karst forest:Case study of Maolan Nature Reserve,Guizhou Province[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry,2008,27(4):363-368.
[33]徐森,李思亮,钟君,等.赤水河流域水化学特征与岩石风化机制[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(3):667-678.Xu S,Li S L,Zhong J,et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and chemical weathering processes in Chishui River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(3):667-678.
[34] Anderson S P,Drever J I,Frost C D,et al. Chemical weathering in the foreland of a retreating glacier[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2000,64(7):1173-1189.
[35]蒲俊兵,袁道先,蒋勇军,等.重庆岩溶地下河水文地球化学特征及环境意义[J].水科学进展,2010,21(5):628-636.Pu J B,Yuan D X,Jiang Y J,et al. Hydrogeochemistry and environmental meaning of Chongqing subterranean karst streams in China[J]. Advances in Water Science,2010,21(5):628-636.
[36] Dixon W,Chiswell B. The use of hydrochemical sections to identify recharge areas and saline intrusions in alluvial aquifers,southeast Queensland, Australia[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1992,135(1-4):259-274.
[37] Jiang Y J, Cao M, Yuan D X, et al. Hydrogeological characterization and environmental effects of the deteriorating urban karst groundwater in a karst trough valley:Nanshan,SW China[J]. Hydrogeology Journal,2018,26(5):1487-1497.
[2] Xing L N,Guo H M,Zhan Y H. Groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and processes along flow paths in the North China Plain[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,70-71:250-264.
[3] Adams S, Titus R, Pietersen K, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics of aquifers near Sutherland in the Western Karoo,South Africa[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2001,241(1-2):91-103.
[4]马燕华,苏春利,刘伟江,等.水化学和环境同位素在示踪枣庄市南部地下水硫酸盐污染源中的应用[J].环境科学,2016,37(12):4690-4699.Ma Y H,Su C L,Liu W J,et al. Identification of sulfate sources in the groundwater system of Zaozhuang:evidences from isotopic and hydrochemical characteristics[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(12):4690-4699.
[5]张雅,苏春利,马燕华,等.水化学和环境同位素对济南东源饮用水源地地下水演化过程的指示[J].环境科学,2019,40(6):2667-2674.Zhang Y,Su C L,Ma Y H,et al. Indicators of groundwater evolution processes based on hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes:A case study of the Dongyuan drinking water source area in Ji'nan City[J]. Environmental Science,2019,40(6):2667-2674.
[6] Wu P, Tang C Y, Zhu L J, et al. Hydrogeochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the karst basin,southwest China[J]. Hydrological Processes,2009,23(14):2012-2022.
[7] Pu J B,Yuan D X,Zhang C,et al. Hydrogeochemistry and possible sulfate sources in karst groundwater in Chongqing,China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,68(1):159-168.
[8] Wang J L, Jin M G, Jia B J, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and geothermometry applications of thermal groundwater in northern Jinan, Shandong, China[J].Geothermics,2015,57:185-195.
[9]罗飞,苏春田,潘晓东,等典型岩溶丘陵区地下水水化学特征及地球化学敏感性分析———以武冈东部地区为例[J].中国岩溶,2018,37(2):211-217.Luo F,Su C T,Pan X D,et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and geochemical sensitivity of groundwater in typical karst hilly regions:A case study of Eastern Wugang[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2018,37(2):211-217.
[10]盛婷,杨平恒,陈峰,等.典型岩溶泉主要化学成分来源及地球化学敏感性研究[J].中国岩溶,2018,37(6):827-834.Sheng T, Yang P H, Chen F, et al. Study on sources of chemical elements and geochemical susceptibility of a typical karst spring[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2018,37(6):827-834.
[11]樊连杰,裴建国,邹胜章,等.重庆市南川区南部岩溶地下水水文地球化学特征[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(5):697-703.Fan L J, Pei J G, Zou S Z, et al. Hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst groundwater in southern Nanchuan district of Chongqing[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2017,36(5):697-703.
[12]袁建飞,邓国仕,徐芬,等.毕节市北部岩溶地下水水文地球化学特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(1):12-21.Yuan J F, Deng G S, Xu F, et al. Hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst groundwater in the northern part of the city of Bijie[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(1):12-21.
[13]张超,张保祥,张吉圣,等.肥城市岩溶水水化学特征及形成机制[J].中国岩溶,2018,37(5):698-707.Zhang C, Zhang B X, Zhang J S, et al. Analysis of hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of karst water in Feicheng City[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2018,37(5):698-707.
[14]黄奇波,覃小群,刘朋雨,等.柳林泉域岩溶地下水区域演化规律及控制因素[J].环境科学,2019,40(5):2132-2142.Huang Q B,Qin X Q,Liu P Y,et al. Regional evolution and control factors of karst groundwater in Liulin Spring catchment[J]. Environmental Science,2019,40(5):2132-2142.
[15]王珺瑜,王家乐,靳孟贵.济南泉域岩溶水水化学特征及其成因[J].地球科学,2017,42(5):821-831.Wang J Y,Wang J L,Jin M G. Hydrochemical characteristics and formation causes of karst water in Jinan Spring Catchment[J]. Earth Science,2017,42(5):821-831.
[16]王焰新,高旭波.人类活动影响下娘子关岩溶水系统地球化学演化[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(2):103-112.Wang Y X,Gao X B. Geochemical evolution of the Niangziguan karst water system under the impact of human activities[J].Carsologica Sinica,2009,28(2):103-112.
[17] Güler C,Kurt M A,Alpaslan M,et al. Assessment of the impact of anthropogenic activities on the groundwater hydrology and chemistry in Tarsus coastal plain(Mersin,SE Turkey)using fuzzy clustering,multivariate statistics and GIS techniques[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,414-415:435-451.
[18] LI P Y,Qian H,Wu J H,et al. Geochemical modeling of groundwater in southern plain area of Pengyang County,Ningxia,China[J]. Water Science and Engineering,2010,3(3):282-291.
[19] GB/T 14157-1993,水文地质术语[S].GB/T 14157-1993,Hydrogeologic terminology[S].
[20] Zhou F Y,Sun S Q,Molnar J J. Evaluation of the Development of circular agriculture in Sichuan Province based on the coefficient of variation[J]. Asian Agricultural Research,2015,7(3):56-60.
[21] Schoeller H. Géochimie des eaux souterraines:application aux eaux des gisements de pétrole[M]. Paris:Sociéteédeséditions Technip,1956.
[22] Piper A M. A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses[J]. Eos,Transactions,American Geophysical Union,1944,25(6):914-928.
[23] Zhou P P, Wang Z M, Zhang J Y, et al. Study on the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater along the Taklimakan Desert Highway[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(20):1378.
[24]唐金平,张强,胡漾,等.湔江冲洪积扇地下水化学特征及控制因素分析[J].环境科学,2019,40(7):3089-3098.Tang J P, Zhang Q, Hu Y, et al. Groundwater chemical characteristics and controlling factors analysis in alluvial fan of Jianjiang River[J]. Environmental Science,2019,40(7):3089-3098.
[25] Gibbs R J. Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry[J].Science,1970,170(3962):1088-1090.
[26] Gibbs R J. Water chemistry of the Amazon River[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1972,36(9):1061-1066.
[27] Xiao J,Jin Z D,Wang J,et al. Hydrochemical characteristics,controlling factors and solute sources of groundwater within the Tarim River Basin in the extreme arid region, NW Tibetan Plateau[J]. Quaternary International,2015,380-381:237-246.
[28] Thakur T, Rishi M S, Naik P K, et al. Elucidating hydrochemical properties of groundwater for drinking and agriculture in parts of Punjab,India[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(6):467.
[29] Gaillardet J, DupréB, Louvat P, et al. Global silicate weathering and CO2consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers[J]. Chemical Geology,1999,159(1-4):3-30.
[30] Oliva P,DupréB,Martin F,et al. The role of trace minerals in chemical weathering in a high-elevation granitic watershed(Estibère,France):chemical and mineralogical evidence[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2004,68(10):2223-2243.
[31] Meybeck M. Global occurrence of major elements in rivers[J].Treatise on Geochemistry,2003,5:207-223.
[32]韩贵琳,唐杨,谭秋.喀斯特森林雨水的地球化学特征———以贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区为例[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2008,27(4):363-368.Han G L,Tang Y,Tan Q. Geochemical composition of rainwater in karst forest:Case study of Maolan Nature Reserve,Guizhou Province[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry,2008,27(4):363-368.
[33]徐森,李思亮,钟君,等.赤水河流域水化学特征与岩石风化机制[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(3):667-678.Xu S,Li S L,Zhong J,et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and chemical weathering processes in Chishui River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(3):667-678.
[34] Anderson S P,Drever J I,Frost C D,et al. Chemical weathering in the foreland of a retreating glacier[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2000,64(7):1173-1189.
[35]蒲俊兵,袁道先,蒋勇军,等.重庆岩溶地下河水文地球化学特征及环境意义[J].水科学进展,2010,21(5):628-636.Pu J B,Yuan D X,Jiang Y J,et al. Hydrogeochemistry and environmental meaning of Chongqing subterranean karst streams in China[J]. Advances in Water Science,2010,21(5):628-636.
[36] Dixon W,Chiswell B. The use of hydrochemical sections to identify recharge areas and saline intrusions in alluvial aquifers,southeast Queensland, Australia[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1992,135(1-4):259-274.
[37] Jiang Y J, Cao M, Yuan D X, et al. Hydrogeological characterization and environmental effects of the deteriorating urban karst groundwater in a karst trough valley:Nanshan,SW China[J]. Hydrogeology Journal,2018,26(5):1487-1497.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |