高密度电阻率成像法与微动谱比法探测岩溶区塌陷的地质背景——以广东省高要市蛟塘镇塱下村塌陷区为例
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摘要
塌陷已成为岩溶区最主要的地质灾害。本文以广东省高要市蛟塘镇塱下村岩溶塌陷区为例,结合钻探资料,应用高密度电阻率成像法与微动谱比法联合探测塌陷区背景地质结构和构造。通过区内外14个已知钻孔旁的微动测量,建立了微动特征频率与覆盖层厚度的数学关系,并应用于塌陷区覆盖层厚度的估算。高密度电阻率成像反映出岩土电阻率在水平方向和垂直方向上的变化,揭示了地下地质结构;微动谱比法揭示了探测场地的基岩起伏形态,结合地层岩性推断了古河道的存在并确定了其边界及延伸方向,与高密度电阻率成像法联合进行地质解译,推断了基岩内断层发育的空间位置、走向等特征。综合该两类物探技术探测成果和钻探资料表明,塌陷位于古河道内,并沿古河道方向发育,其方向与区域北东向构造走向方位一致。
Collapses have become one of the most important geological hazards in karst areas. This paper takes a karst collapse area in Langxia village,Jiaotang town,Gaoyao City,Guangdong Province as an example to present probing geological conditions for such hazard using high-density resistivity imaging and microtremor spectral ratio methods combing with borehole data. In terms of measurements nearby 14 boreholes,we established the mathematical relationship between characteristic frequency of microtremors and cover thickness,which was used to calculate thickness of the cover in the collapse area. Profiles of high-density resistivity imaging reflect the variations of resistivity of rock and soil in horizontal and vertical directions,permitting to delineate the geological structure in the subsurface. In combination with lithology,the measurement of microtremors helps reveal the relief of bedrock in the study area,allowing us to infer existence of the ancient channel including its boundary and extension. Combining the results of two methods,we have deduced the spatial position and the trend of faults in the bedrock. Integrating the geophysical prospecting and borehole data suggests that the collapse is located in the paleochannel,which developed along its course,with a direction consistent with NE trending structure in this region.
Collapses have become one of the most important geological hazards in karst areas. This paper takes a karst collapse area in Langxia village,Jiaotang town,Gaoyao City,Guangdong Province as an example to present probing geological conditions for such hazard using high-density resistivity imaging and microtremor spectral ratio methods combing with borehole data. In terms of measurements nearby 14 boreholes,we established the mathematical relationship between characteristic frequency of microtremors and cover thickness,which was used to calculate thickness of the cover in the collapse area. Profiles of high-density resistivity imaging reflect the variations of resistivity of rock and soil in horizontal and vertical directions,permitting to delineate the geological structure in the subsurface. In combination with lithology,the measurement of microtremors helps reveal the relief of bedrock in the study area,allowing us to infer existence of the ancient channel including its boundary and extension. Combining the results of two methods,we have deduced the spatial position and the trend of faults in the bedrock. Integrating the geophysical prospecting and borehole data suggests that the collapse is located in the paleochannel,which developed along its course,with a direction consistent with NE trending structure in this region.
引文
Bai Haibo,Ma Dan,Chen Zhanqing.2013.Mechanical behavior of groundwater seepage in karst collapse pillars[J].Engineering Geology,164(18):101-106.
Batayneh A S,Al Zoubi A T.2000.Detection of a solution cavity adjacent to a highway in southwest Jordan using electrical resistivity methods[J].Environ Eng Geophys,5:25-30.
Biswas R.2015.Mappingsediment thickness in shillong city of northeast India through empirical relationship[J].Journal of Earthquakes,(2):1-8.
Cao Xinwen,Ma Xiumin,Hu Daogong.2017.Application of the resistivity tomography method to detection of active faults northeast of the Hainan island[J].Geology and Exploration,53(5):1001-1009(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Guoliang,Chen Yuchang,Tan Hongzeng,Zhang Jianghua,Li Naifei.1990.Research on mechanism,prediction and countermeasure for;land-collapse in Karst area[J].The Chinses Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,1(3):39-48(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin C P,Huang Y C,Wu P L.2014.Performance of 2-D ERT in investigation of abnormal seepage:A case study at the Hsin-Shan Earth Dam in Taiwan[J].JEEG,19(2),101-112.
Delgado J,Casado C L,Giner J.2000.Microtremors as a geophysical exploration tool:Applications and limitations[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,157(9):1445-1462.
Delgado J,López Casado C,Estévez A,Giner J,Cuenca A,Molina S.2000.Mapping soft soils in the Segura river walley(SE Spain):Acase study of microtremors as an exploration tool[J].Appl Geophys,45:19-32.
Garcia-Jerez A,Luzon F,D'Amico V,Picozzi M,Baliva F,Albarello D.2008.Ambient noise measurements for preliminary site-effects characterisation in the urban area of Florence[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,98(3):1373-1388.
Gosar A,Lenart A.2010.Mapping the thickness of sediments in the Ljubljana Moor basin(Slovenia)using microtremors[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering,(8):501-518.
Hinzen K G,Scherbaum F,Weber B.2004.On the resolution of H/Vmeasurements to determine sediment thickness,a case study across a normal fault in the lower Rhine embayment,Germany[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,8(6):909-926.
Ibs-von Seht M,Wohlenberg J.1999.Microtremor measurements used to map thickness of soft sediments[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,89(1):250-259.
Jiang Yule,Kang Wanfu,Zhang Nan,Zhang Zhaoxia.2007.Application of high density resistivity method in the karst exploration[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,34(4):452-455(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lei Mingtang,Jiang Xiaozhen.1998.Research on the present situation and developing tendency of karst collapse and techniques for its supporting[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,9(3):1-6(in Chinese with English abstract).
Leng Yuanbao,Huang Jiantong,Zhang Zhenxia,Wang Rui,Zhao shengli.2003.Research progress in scatheless detection of hidden troubles in embankments[J].Progress in Geophysics,18(3):370-379(in Chinese).
Lin Chenghao,Wang Lei,Li Zhejun,Chu Fei.2017.Application of collocated resistivity tomography and shallow seismic method to the detection of concealed faults in areas with thin covers[J].Geology and Exploration,53(1):133-140(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Wei,Gan Fuping,Zhao Wei,Zhang Wei.2014.Application analysis of combining high density resistivity and microtremor survey methods in areas of karst collapse:A case study of the collapse in Jili village,Laibin,Guangxi[J].Carsologica Sinica,33(1):118-122(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Wei,Gan Fuping,Zhang Wei,Jia Long.2015.Application of geophysical prospecting to karst collapse in red bed area[J].Progress in Geophysics,30(6):2923-2930(in Chinese with English abstract).
LüHuijin,Liu Shaohua,Liu Bogen.2005.Application of resistivity tomography survey method in detecting ground subsidence[J].Progress in Geophysics,20(2):381-386(in Chinese with English abstract).
Martin-Crespo T,Gomez-Ortiz D.2007.Collapse hazard assessment in evaporitic materials from ground penetrating radar:A case study[J].Environmental Geology,53:57-66.
McGrath R,Styles P,Thomas E.2002.Integrated high-resolution geophysical investigations as potential tools for water resource investigations in karst terrain[J].Environmental Geology,42(5):552-557.
Meng Yan,Yin Kunlong,Lei Mingtang.2006.Probabilistic analysis on karst collapse induced by water table fluctuation[J].Carsologica Sinica,25(3):239-241(in Chinese with English abstract).
Meng Y,Lei M T,Lin Y S.2012.Models and mechanisms of drilling-induced sinkhole in China[J],Environmental Earth Sciences,67(7):1961-1969.
Michael E,Anatoly L,Christian C,Abdallah A.2009.Identification of sinkhole development mechanism based on a combined geophysical study in NahalHever South area(Dead Sea coast of Israel)[J].Environmental Geology,58:1123-1141.
Motamed R,Ghalandarzadeh A,Tawhata I,Tabatabaei S H.2007.Seismic microzonation and damage assessment of Bam city,Southeastern Iran[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,11(1):110-132.
Parolai S,Bormann P,Milkereit C.2002.New relationship between Vs,thickness of sediments,and resonance frequency calculated by the H/V ratio of seismic noise for the Cologne area(Germany)[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,92(6):2521-2527.
Paudyal Y R,Yatabe R,Bhandary N P,Dahal R K.2013.Basement topography of the Kathmandu Basin using microtremor observation[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,(62):627-637.
Wang Qijun,Hu Yanlin,Du Xingfeng,Li Shijun.2009.Application of the high-density resistivity method in project exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,24(1):335-339(in Chinese).
Zhang Zhezhong,Wu Zhijian,Wang Ping,Zeng Lifeng,Yan Wujian.2013.Application of microtremor test in overburden thickness survey in Hezuo city[J].Journal of Seismological Research,36(3):337-341(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng Zhijie,Zeng Jie,Gan Fuping,Zhang Wei,Lu Xiuhua.2017.Application of high-density electrical resistivity imaging to karst collapse investigation at the Taiyangcun town,Liuzhou[J].Geology and Exploration,53(1):124-132(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou Zhusheng,Feng Yan.2011.The comprehensive geophysicalsurvey in tunnel exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,26(2):724-731(in Chinese with English abstract).
曹新文,马秀敏,胡道功.2017.电阻率层析成像技术在琼东北活动断裂探测中的应用[J].地质与勘探,53(5):1001-1009.
陈国亮,陈裕昌,谭鸿增,张江华,李乃非.1990.岩溶地面塌陷机制、预测及整治研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1(3):39-48.
江玉乐,康万福,张楠,张朝霞.2007.高密度电法在岩溶勘察中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报,34(4):452-455.
雷明堂,蒋小珍.1998.岩溶塌陷研究现状、发展趋势及其支撑技术方法[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,9(3):1-6.
冷元宝,黄建通,张震夏,王锐,赵圣立.2003.堤坝隐患探测技术研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,18(3):370-379.
林承灏,王雷,黎哲君,储飞.2017.电成像与浅层地震联合在浅覆盖区隐伏断层探测中的应用[J].地质与勘探,53(1):133-140.
刘伟,甘伏平,赵伟,张伟.2014.高密度电法与微动技术组合在岩溶塌陷分区中的应用分析:以广西来宾吉利塌陷为例[J].中国岩溶,33(1):118-122.
刘伟,甘伏平,张伟,贾龙.2015.红层区岩溶塌陷调查地球物理勘探技术应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,30(6):2923-2930.
吕惠进,刘少华,刘伯根.2005.高密度电阻率法在地面塌陷调查中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,20(2):381-386.
蒙彦,殷坤龙,雷明堂.2006.水位波动诱发岩溶塌陷的概率分析[J].中国岩溶,25(3):239-241.
王启军,胡延林,都兴锋,李世军.2009.高密度电阻率法在工程勘查中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,24(1):335-339.
张泽忠,吴志坚,王平,曾立峰,严武建.2013.地脉动方法在合作市覆盖层厚度探测中的应用[J].地震研究,36(3):337-341.
郑智杰,曾洁,甘伏平,张伟,卢秀华.2017.高密度电法在柳州太阳村镇岩溶塌陷区调查中的应用研究[J].地质与勘探,53(1):124-132.
周竹生,丰赟.2011.隧道勘察中的综合物探方法[J].地球物理学进展,26(2):724-731.
Batayneh A S,Al Zoubi A T.2000.Detection of a solution cavity adjacent to a highway in southwest Jordan using electrical resistivity methods[J].Environ Eng Geophys,5:25-30.
Biswas R.2015.Mappingsediment thickness in shillong city of northeast India through empirical relationship[J].Journal of Earthquakes,(2):1-8.
Cao Xinwen,Ma Xiumin,Hu Daogong.2017.Application of the resistivity tomography method to detection of active faults northeast of the Hainan island[J].Geology and Exploration,53(5):1001-1009(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Guoliang,Chen Yuchang,Tan Hongzeng,Zhang Jianghua,Li Naifei.1990.Research on mechanism,prediction and countermeasure for;land-collapse in Karst area[J].The Chinses Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,1(3):39-48(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin C P,Huang Y C,Wu P L.2014.Performance of 2-D ERT in investigation of abnormal seepage:A case study at the Hsin-Shan Earth Dam in Taiwan[J].JEEG,19(2),101-112.
Delgado J,Casado C L,Giner J.2000.Microtremors as a geophysical exploration tool:Applications and limitations[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,157(9):1445-1462.
Delgado J,López Casado C,Estévez A,Giner J,Cuenca A,Molina S.2000.Mapping soft soils in the Segura river walley(SE Spain):Acase study of microtremors as an exploration tool[J].Appl Geophys,45:19-32.
Garcia-Jerez A,Luzon F,D'Amico V,Picozzi M,Baliva F,Albarello D.2008.Ambient noise measurements for preliminary site-effects characterisation in the urban area of Florence[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,98(3):1373-1388.
Gosar A,Lenart A.2010.Mapping the thickness of sediments in the Ljubljana Moor basin(Slovenia)using microtremors[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering,(8):501-518.
Hinzen K G,Scherbaum F,Weber B.2004.On the resolution of H/Vmeasurements to determine sediment thickness,a case study across a normal fault in the lower Rhine embayment,Germany[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,8(6):909-926.
Ibs-von Seht M,Wohlenberg J.1999.Microtremor measurements used to map thickness of soft sediments[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,89(1):250-259.
Jiang Yule,Kang Wanfu,Zhang Nan,Zhang Zhaoxia.2007.Application of high density resistivity method in the karst exploration[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,34(4):452-455(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lei Mingtang,Jiang Xiaozhen.1998.Research on the present situation and developing tendency of karst collapse and techniques for its supporting[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,9(3):1-6(in Chinese with English abstract).
Leng Yuanbao,Huang Jiantong,Zhang Zhenxia,Wang Rui,Zhao shengli.2003.Research progress in scatheless detection of hidden troubles in embankments[J].Progress in Geophysics,18(3):370-379(in Chinese).
Lin Chenghao,Wang Lei,Li Zhejun,Chu Fei.2017.Application of collocated resistivity tomography and shallow seismic method to the detection of concealed faults in areas with thin covers[J].Geology and Exploration,53(1):133-140(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Wei,Gan Fuping,Zhao Wei,Zhang Wei.2014.Application analysis of combining high density resistivity and microtremor survey methods in areas of karst collapse:A case study of the collapse in Jili village,Laibin,Guangxi[J].Carsologica Sinica,33(1):118-122(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Wei,Gan Fuping,Zhang Wei,Jia Long.2015.Application of geophysical prospecting to karst collapse in red bed area[J].Progress in Geophysics,30(6):2923-2930(in Chinese with English abstract).
LüHuijin,Liu Shaohua,Liu Bogen.2005.Application of resistivity tomography survey method in detecting ground subsidence[J].Progress in Geophysics,20(2):381-386(in Chinese with English abstract).
Martin-Crespo T,Gomez-Ortiz D.2007.Collapse hazard assessment in evaporitic materials from ground penetrating radar:A case study[J].Environmental Geology,53:57-66.
McGrath R,Styles P,Thomas E.2002.Integrated high-resolution geophysical investigations as potential tools for water resource investigations in karst terrain[J].Environmental Geology,42(5):552-557.
Meng Yan,Yin Kunlong,Lei Mingtang.2006.Probabilistic analysis on karst collapse induced by water table fluctuation[J].Carsologica Sinica,25(3):239-241(in Chinese with English abstract).
Meng Y,Lei M T,Lin Y S.2012.Models and mechanisms of drilling-induced sinkhole in China[J],Environmental Earth Sciences,67(7):1961-1969.
Michael E,Anatoly L,Christian C,Abdallah A.2009.Identification of sinkhole development mechanism based on a combined geophysical study in NahalHever South area(Dead Sea coast of Israel)[J].Environmental Geology,58:1123-1141.
Motamed R,Ghalandarzadeh A,Tawhata I,Tabatabaei S H.2007.Seismic microzonation and damage assessment of Bam city,Southeastern Iran[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,11(1):110-132.
Parolai S,Bormann P,Milkereit C.2002.New relationship between Vs,thickness of sediments,and resonance frequency calculated by the H/V ratio of seismic noise for the Cologne area(Germany)[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,92(6):2521-2527.
Paudyal Y R,Yatabe R,Bhandary N P,Dahal R K.2013.Basement topography of the Kathmandu Basin using microtremor observation[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,(62):627-637.
Wang Qijun,Hu Yanlin,Du Xingfeng,Li Shijun.2009.Application of the high-density resistivity method in project exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,24(1):335-339(in Chinese).
Zhang Zhezhong,Wu Zhijian,Wang Ping,Zeng Lifeng,Yan Wujian.2013.Application of microtremor test in overburden thickness survey in Hezuo city[J].Journal of Seismological Research,36(3):337-341(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng Zhijie,Zeng Jie,Gan Fuping,Zhang Wei,Lu Xiuhua.2017.Application of high-density electrical resistivity imaging to karst collapse investigation at the Taiyangcun town,Liuzhou[J].Geology and Exploration,53(1):124-132(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou Zhusheng,Feng Yan.2011.The comprehensive geophysicalsurvey in tunnel exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,26(2):724-731(in Chinese with English abstract).
曹新文,马秀敏,胡道功.2017.电阻率层析成像技术在琼东北活动断裂探测中的应用[J].地质与勘探,53(5):1001-1009.
陈国亮,陈裕昌,谭鸿增,张江华,李乃非.1990.岩溶地面塌陷机制、预测及整治研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1(3):39-48.
江玉乐,康万福,张楠,张朝霞.2007.高密度电法在岩溶勘察中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报,34(4):452-455.
雷明堂,蒋小珍.1998.岩溶塌陷研究现状、发展趋势及其支撑技术方法[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,9(3):1-6.
冷元宝,黄建通,张震夏,王锐,赵圣立.2003.堤坝隐患探测技术研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,18(3):370-379.
林承灏,王雷,黎哲君,储飞.2017.电成像与浅层地震联合在浅覆盖区隐伏断层探测中的应用[J].地质与勘探,53(1):133-140.
刘伟,甘伏平,赵伟,张伟.2014.高密度电法与微动技术组合在岩溶塌陷分区中的应用分析:以广西来宾吉利塌陷为例[J].中国岩溶,33(1):118-122.
刘伟,甘伏平,张伟,贾龙.2015.红层区岩溶塌陷调查地球物理勘探技术应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,30(6):2923-2930.
吕惠进,刘少华,刘伯根.2005.高密度电阻率法在地面塌陷调查中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,20(2):381-386.
蒙彦,殷坤龙,雷明堂.2006.水位波动诱发岩溶塌陷的概率分析[J].中国岩溶,25(3):239-241.
王启军,胡延林,都兴锋,李世军.2009.高密度电阻率法在工程勘查中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,24(1):335-339.
张泽忠,吴志坚,王平,曾立峰,严武建.2013.地脉动方法在合作市覆盖层厚度探测中的应用[J].地震研究,36(3):337-341.
郑智杰,曾洁,甘伏平,张伟,卢秀华.2017.高密度电法在柳州太阳村镇岩溶塌陷区调查中的应用研究[J].地质与勘探,53(1):124-132.
周竹生,丰赟.2011.隧道勘察中的综合物探方法[J].地球物理学进展,26(2):724-731.