波浪作用下海上溢油潜浮于水的机理研究进展
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摘要
从单油滴角度对波浪作用下漂浮溢油的入水过程(夹带、油滴的形成),演变过程(油滴的变形、破碎和聚并)和上浮过程的研究现状进行综述,介绍了溢油及相关领域的研究手段和实验方法,总结了海上溢油潜浮于水的行为机理及分布规律,并基于实验室和溢油现场的研究成果提出进一步需要探究的问题,为海上溢油污染的应急决策、追踪预测和损害评估等方面提供思路和借鉴。
From the perspective of single oil droplets, research on the processes of distribution(entrainment, oil droplet formation), evolution(oil droplet deformation, fracture, and coalescence), and floating for marine oil spills is summarized. Research and experimental methods in oil and related fields are introduced, and the behavioral mechanisms and distribution laws of spills are summarized. Based on the research results of laboratories and oil spill sites, problems requiring further exploration are identified. This paper provides ideas and references for emergency decision-making, tracking prediction, and damage assessment of marine oil spill pollution.
From the perspective of single oil droplets, research on the processes of distribution(entrainment, oil droplet formation), evolution(oil droplet deformation, fracture, and coalescence), and floating for marine oil spills is summarized. Research and experimental methods in oil and related fields are introduced, and the behavioral mechanisms and distribution laws of spills are summarized. Based on the research results of laboratories and oil spill sites, problems requiring further exploration are identified. This paper provides ideas and references for emergency decision-making, tracking prediction, and damage assessment of marine oil spill pollution.
引文
[1]包木太,皮永蕊,孙培艳,等.墨西哥湾“深水地平线”溢油事故处理研究进展[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(1):55-62.Bao Mutai,Pi Yongrui,Sun Peiyan,et al.Research progress on the treatment of oil spill accidents for Deepwater Horizon Macondo[J].Journal of Ocean University of China(Natural Science Edition),2015,45(1):55-62.
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[3]温艳萍,吴传雯.大连新港“7.16溢油事故”直接经济损失评估[J].中国渔业经济,2013,31(4):91-96.Wen Yanping,Wu Chuanwen.Evaluation of direct economic loss of“7.16 Oil Spill Accident”in Dalian new port[J].China Fisheries Economics,2013,31(4):91-96.
[4]蔡成翔,焦淑菲,尹艳镇.我国近岸海域石油污染现状及其防治措施[J].化工技术与开发,2012,41(8):14-17.Cai Chengxiang,Jiao Shufei,Yin Yanzhen.Present situation of oil pollution in coastal waters of China and control measures[J].Chemical Technology and Development,2012,41(8):14-17.
[5]Liu Tianyi,Sheng Y P.Three dimensional simulation of transport and fate of oil spill under wave induced circulation[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,80(1/2):148-159.
[6]Kim H J,Lee M J,Oh S W,et al.A study on development of operational system for oil spill prediction model[J].Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment and Safety,2011,17(4):375-382.
[7]Nixon Z,Michel J.Predictive modeling of subsurface shoreline oil encounter probability from the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William sound[J].Alaska Environment Science and Technology,2015,49(7):4354-4361.
[8]李小虎,吴云波,崔小爱.基于三维水动力模型的溢油扩展迁移规律的数值模拟[J].中国水运(下半月),2018,18(1):86-88.Li Xiaohu,Wu Yunbo,Cui Xiaoai.Numerical simulation of the extended migration law of oil spill based on threedimensional hydrodynamic model[J].China Water Transport(the second half of the month),2018,18(1):86-88.
[9]Zeinstra-Helfich M,Koops W,Dijkstra K,et al.Quantification of the effect of oil layer thickness on entrainment of surface oil[J].Marine Pollution Bulletinl,2015,96(1/2):401-409.
[10]Payne J R,Driskell W B.Macondo oil in northern Gulf of Mexico waters-Part 1:assessments and forensic methods for deepwater horizon offshore water samples[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,129(1):399-411.
[11]Pan Zhong,Zhao Lin,Boufadel M C,et al.Impact of mixing time and energy on the dispersion effectiveness and droplets size of oil[J].Chemosphere,2017,166(1):246-254.
[12]Li Zhengkai,Lee K,King T,et al.Effects of temperature and wave conditions on chemical dispersion efficacy of heavy fuel oil in an experimental flow-through wave tank[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2010,60(9):1550-1559.
[13]Aman Z M,Paris C B,May E F,et al.High-pressure visual experimental studies of oil-in-water dispersion droplet size[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2015,127:392-400.
[14]Li Zhengkai,Spaulding M L,Mccay D F.Development of a unified oil droplet size distribution model with application to surface breaking waves and subsea blowout releases considering dispersant effects[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,114(1):247-257.
[15]Belore R C,Trudel K,Mullin J V.Large-scale cold water dispersant effectiveness experiments with Alaskan crude oils and Corexit 9500 and 9527 dispersants[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2009,58(1):118-128.
[16]Li Zhengkai,Spaulding M L,Mccay D F.An algorithm for modeling entrainment and naturally and chemically dispersed oil droplet size distribution under surface breaking wave conditions[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,119(1):145-152.
[17]Zeinstra-Helfich M,Koops W,Murk A J.How oil properties and layer thickness determine the entrainment of spilled surface oil[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,110(1):184-193.
[18]毕凡,宋金宝.大洋涌浪耗散研究及模式应用的进展及主要问题[J].海洋科学,2016,40(9):128-134.Bi Fan,Song Jinbao.Progress and main problems in research and application of ocean surges[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(9):128-134.
[19]Li Zhengkai,Lee K,King T.Assessment of chemical dispersant effectiveness in a wave tank under regular non-breaking and breaking wave conditions[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,56(5):903-912.
[20]张欣欣,于跃,何山,等.溢油分散剂的乳化效果及油滴粒径分布影响因素的研究[J].海洋科学,2016,40(9):69-78.Zhang Xinxin,Yu Yue,He Shan,et al.Study on the emulsification effect of oil spill dispersant and the influencing factors of oil droplet size distribution[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(9):69-78.
[21]Li Zhengkai,Lee K,King T,et al.Oil droplet size distribution as a function of energy dissipation rate in an experimental wave tank[C]//Mccarhty M W,Grennan D.International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings.Washington:IOSC,2008:621-626.
[22]Camilli R,Di lorio D,Bowen A,et al.Acoustic measurement of the Deepwater Horizon Macondo well flow rate[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2012,109(20):20235-20239.
[23]Boxall J A,Koh C A,Sloan E D,et al.Droplet size scaling of water-in-oil emulsions under turbulent flow[J].Langmuir,2012,28(1):104-110.
[24]Paris C B,Le Hénaff M,Aman Z M,et al.Evolution of the Macondo well blowout:Simulating the effects of the circulation and synthetic dispersants on the subsea oil transport[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2012,46(24):13293-13302.
[25]刘子龙,史剑,蒋国荣.海浪破碎对北太平洋海表面温度模拟的影响[J].海洋科学,2017,41(3):122-129.Liu Zilong,Shi Jian,Jiang Guorong.Effects of wave breaking on sea surface temperature simulation in the north pacific ocean[J].Marine Sciences,2017,41(3):122-129.
[26]刘子龙,史剑,蒋国荣,等.海浪搅拌混合对北太平洋海表面温度模拟的影响[J].海洋科学,2016,40(12):131-137.Liu Zilong,Shi Jian,Jiang Guorong,et al.Effects of sea wave mixing on sea surface temperature simulation in the North Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(12):131-137.
[27]Cui Shuguang,Manica R,Tabor R F.Interpreting atomic force microscopy measurements of hydrodynamic and surface forces with nonlinear parametric estimation[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2012,83(10):113703.
[28]Nissanka I D,Yapap D.Oil slicks on water surface:Breakup,coalescence,and droplet formation under breaking waves[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,114(1):480-493.
[29]颜筱函.溢油模型及求解方法研究[J].当代化工,2017,46(3):481-484,488.Yan Xiaohan.Study on oil spill model and solution method[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2017,46(3):481-484,488.
[30]刘阁,陈彬,张贤明,等.油水乳化液分散相动力学的研究进展[J].石油化,2012,41(11):1333-1336.Liu Ge,Chen Bin,Zhang Xianming,et al.Research progress on the dispersion phase of oil-water emulsions[J].Petrochemicals,2012,41(11):1333-1336.
[31]胡盟明,董守平.油水乳化液中分散相液滴的力学行为初探[J].流体力学实验与测量,2000(4):46-50.Hu Mengming,Dong Shouping.Study on the mechanical behavior of dispersed phase droplets in oil-water emulsion[J].Fluid Mechanics Experiments and Measurement,2000(4):46-50.
[32]Gromer A,Gunning A P.Atomic force spectroscopy of interactions between oil droplets in emulsions[J].Microsc Anal,2011,25(1):9-12.
[33]王玮,李楷,宫敬,等.分散体系中液滴间力学行为[J].科学通报,2015,60(24):2272-2281.Wang Wei,Li Wei,Gong Jing,et al.Mechanical behavior between droplets in a dispersed system[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2015,60(24):2272-2281.
[34]Zeinstra-Helfich M,Koops W,Dijkstra K,et al.The NET effect of dispersants-a critical review of testing and modelling of surface oil dispersion[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,100(1):102-111.
[35]张鹏举.液液分散体系中液滴破碎机理的实验研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2016.Zhang Pengju.Experimental study on droplet breakage mechanism in liquid-liquid dispersion system[D].Beijing:Beijing Chemical Technology University,2016.
[36]Zhao Hui,Ge We.A theoretical bubble breakup model for slurry beds or three-phase fluidized beds under high pressure[J].Chinese Engineering Science,2007,62(1):109-115.
[37]饶莉.液-液分散体系中液滴的动力学行为研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2016.Rao Li.Study on the dynamic behavior of droplets in liquid-liquid dispersion system[D].Beijing:Beijing Chemical Technology University,2016.
[38]Zhu Hongjun,You Jiahui,Zhao Honglei.An experimental investigation of underwater spread of oil spill in a shear flow[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,115(1):156-166.
[39]Zeinstra-Helfich M,Koops W,Muek A J.Predicting the consequence of natural and chemical dispersion for oil slick size over time[J].Journal of Geophysical ResearchOceans,2017,122(9):7312-7324.
[40]Li Haoshuai,Meng Leng,Shen Tiantian,et al.The formation process and responsive impacts of single oil droplet in submerged process[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,124(1):139-146.
[41]孙宝楠.波浪破碎过程对油滴垂直混合的作用研究[D].青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2010.Sun Baonan.Study on the effect of wave breaking process on vertical mixing of oil droplets[D].Qingdao:First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,2010.
[42]孙宝楠,连展,杨永增.波浪破碎过程对油滴垂直混合影响的数值模拟及实际验证[J].船海工程,2018,47(2):15-19.Sun Baonan,Lian Zhan,Yang Yongzeng.Numerical simulation and actual verification of the effect of wave breaking process on vertical mixing of oil drops[J].Ship and Sea Engineering,2018,47(2):15-19.
[43]Mccay D F.Oil spill impact modeling:Development and validation[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2004,23(10):2441-2456.
[2]Liu Xin,Guo Mingxian,Wang Yebao,et al.Assessing pollution-related effects of oil spills from ships in the Chinese Bohai Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,110(1):194-202.
[3]温艳萍,吴传雯.大连新港“7.16溢油事故”直接经济损失评估[J].中国渔业经济,2013,31(4):91-96.Wen Yanping,Wu Chuanwen.Evaluation of direct economic loss of“7.16 Oil Spill Accident”in Dalian new port[J].China Fisheries Economics,2013,31(4):91-96.
[4]蔡成翔,焦淑菲,尹艳镇.我国近岸海域石油污染现状及其防治措施[J].化工技术与开发,2012,41(8):14-17.Cai Chengxiang,Jiao Shufei,Yin Yanzhen.Present situation of oil pollution in coastal waters of China and control measures[J].Chemical Technology and Development,2012,41(8):14-17.
[5]Liu Tianyi,Sheng Y P.Three dimensional simulation of transport and fate of oil spill under wave induced circulation[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,80(1/2):148-159.
[6]Kim H J,Lee M J,Oh S W,et al.A study on development of operational system for oil spill prediction model[J].Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment and Safety,2011,17(4):375-382.
[7]Nixon Z,Michel J.Predictive modeling of subsurface shoreline oil encounter probability from the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William sound[J].Alaska Environment Science and Technology,2015,49(7):4354-4361.
[8]李小虎,吴云波,崔小爱.基于三维水动力模型的溢油扩展迁移规律的数值模拟[J].中国水运(下半月),2018,18(1):86-88.Li Xiaohu,Wu Yunbo,Cui Xiaoai.Numerical simulation of the extended migration law of oil spill based on threedimensional hydrodynamic model[J].China Water Transport(the second half of the month),2018,18(1):86-88.
[9]Zeinstra-Helfich M,Koops W,Dijkstra K,et al.Quantification of the effect of oil layer thickness on entrainment of surface oil[J].Marine Pollution Bulletinl,2015,96(1/2):401-409.
[10]Payne J R,Driskell W B.Macondo oil in northern Gulf of Mexico waters-Part 1:assessments and forensic methods for deepwater horizon offshore water samples[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,129(1):399-411.
[11]Pan Zhong,Zhao Lin,Boufadel M C,et al.Impact of mixing time and energy on the dispersion effectiveness and droplets size of oil[J].Chemosphere,2017,166(1):246-254.
[12]Li Zhengkai,Lee K,King T,et al.Effects of temperature and wave conditions on chemical dispersion efficacy of heavy fuel oil in an experimental flow-through wave tank[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2010,60(9):1550-1559.
[13]Aman Z M,Paris C B,May E F,et al.High-pressure visual experimental studies of oil-in-water dispersion droplet size[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2015,127:392-400.
[14]Li Zhengkai,Spaulding M L,Mccay D F.Development of a unified oil droplet size distribution model with application to surface breaking waves and subsea blowout releases considering dispersant effects[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,114(1):247-257.
[15]Belore R C,Trudel K,Mullin J V.Large-scale cold water dispersant effectiveness experiments with Alaskan crude oils and Corexit 9500 and 9527 dispersants[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2009,58(1):118-128.
[16]Li Zhengkai,Spaulding M L,Mccay D F.An algorithm for modeling entrainment and naturally and chemically dispersed oil droplet size distribution under surface breaking wave conditions[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,119(1):145-152.
[17]Zeinstra-Helfich M,Koops W,Murk A J.How oil properties and layer thickness determine the entrainment of spilled surface oil[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,110(1):184-193.
[18]毕凡,宋金宝.大洋涌浪耗散研究及模式应用的进展及主要问题[J].海洋科学,2016,40(9):128-134.Bi Fan,Song Jinbao.Progress and main problems in research and application of ocean surges[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(9):128-134.
[19]Li Zhengkai,Lee K,King T.Assessment of chemical dispersant effectiveness in a wave tank under regular non-breaking and breaking wave conditions[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,56(5):903-912.
[20]张欣欣,于跃,何山,等.溢油分散剂的乳化效果及油滴粒径分布影响因素的研究[J].海洋科学,2016,40(9):69-78.Zhang Xinxin,Yu Yue,He Shan,et al.Study on the emulsification effect of oil spill dispersant and the influencing factors of oil droplet size distribution[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(9):69-78.
[21]Li Zhengkai,Lee K,King T,et al.Oil droplet size distribution as a function of energy dissipation rate in an experimental wave tank[C]//Mccarhty M W,Grennan D.International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings.Washington:IOSC,2008:621-626.
[22]Camilli R,Di lorio D,Bowen A,et al.Acoustic measurement of the Deepwater Horizon Macondo well flow rate[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2012,109(20):20235-20239.
[23]Boxall J A,Koh C A,Sloan E D,et al.Droplet size scaling of water-in-oil emulsions under turbulent flow[J].Langmuir,2012,28(1):104-110.
[24]Paris C B,Le Hénaff M,Aman Z M,et al.Evolution of the Macondo well blowout:Simulating the effects of the circulation and synthetic dispersants on the subsea oil transport[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2012,46(24):13293-13302.
[25]刘子龙,史剑,蒋国荣.海浪破碎对北太平洋海表面温度模拟的影响[J].海洋科学,2017,41(3):122-129.Liu Zilong,Shi Jian,Jiang Guorong.Effects of wave breaking on sea surface temperature simulation in the north pacific ocean[J].Marine Sciences,2017,41(3):122-129.
[26]刘子龙,史剑,蒋国荣,等.海浪搅拌混合对北太平洋海表面温度模拟的影响[J].海洋科学,2016,40(12):131-137.Liu Zilong,Shi Jian,Jiang Guorong,et al.Effects of sea wave mixing on sea surface temperature simulation in the North Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(12):131-137.
[27]Cui Shuguang,Manica R,Tabor R F.Interpreting atomic force microscopy measurements of hydrodynamic and surface forces with nonlinear parametric estimation[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2012,83(10):113703.
[28]Nissanka I D,Yapap D.Oil slicks on water surface:Breakup,coalescence,and droplet formation under breaking waves[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,114(1):480-493.
[29]颜筱函.溢油模型及求解方法研究[J].当代化工,2017,46(3):481-484,488.Yan Xiaohan.Study on oil spill model and solution method[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2017,46(3):481-484,488.
[30]刘阁,陈彬,张贤明,等.油水乳化液分散相动力学的研究进展[J].石油化,2012,41(11):1333-1336.Liu Ge,Chen Bin,Zhang Xianming,et al.Research progress on the dispersion phase of oil-water emulsions[J].Petrochemicals,2012,41(11):1333-1336.
[31]胡盟明,董守平.油水乳化液中分散相液滴的力学行为初探[J].流体力学实验与测量,2000(4):46-50.Hu Mengming,Dong Shouping.Study on the mechanical behavior of dispersed phase droplets in oil-water emulsion[J].Fluid Mechanics Experiments and Measurement,2000(4):46-50.
[32]Gromer A,Gunning A P.Atomic force spectroscopy of interactions between oil droplets in emulsions[J].Microsc Anal,2011,25(1):9-12.
[33]王玮,李楷,宫敬,等.分散体系中液滴间力学行为[J].科学通报,2015,60(24):2272-2281.Wang Wei,Li Wei,Gong Jing,et al.Mechanical behavior between droplets in a dispersed system[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2015,60(24):2272-2281.
[34]Zeinstra-Helfich M,Koops W,Dijkstra K,et al.The NET effect of dispersants-a critical review of testing and modelling of surface oil dispersion[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,100(1):102-111.
[35]张鹏举.液液分散体系中液滴破碎机理的实验研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2016.Zhang Pengju.Experimental study on droplet breakage mechanism in liquid-liquid dispersion system[D].Beijing:Beijing Chemical Technology University,2016.
[36]Zhao Hui,Ge We.A theoretical bubble breakup model for slurry beds or three-phase fluidized beds under high pressure[J].Chinese Engineering Science,2007,62(1):109-115.
[37]饶莉.液-液分散体系中液滴的动力学行为研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2016.Rao Li.Study on the dynamic behavior of droplets in liquid-liquid dispersion system[D].Beijing:Beijing Chemical Technology University,2016.
[38]Zhu Hongjun,You Jiahui,Zhao Honglei.An experimental investigation of underwater spread of oil spill in a shear flow[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,115(1):156-166.
[39]Zeinstra-Helfich M,Koops W,Muek A J.Predicting the consequence of natural and chemical dispersion for oil slick size over time[J].Journal of Geophysical ResearchOceans,2017,122(9):7312-7324.
[40]Li Haoshuai,Meng Leng,Shen Tiantian,et al.The formation process and responsive impacts of single oil droplet in submerged process[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,124(1):139-146.
[41]孙宝楠.波浪破碎过程对油滴垂直混合的作用研究[D].青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2010.Sun Baonan.Study on the effect of wave breaking process on vertical mixing of oil droplets[D].Qingdao:First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,2010.
[42]孙宝楠,连展,杨永增.波浪破碎过程对油滴垂直混合影响的数值模拟及实际验证[J].船海工程,2018,47(2):15-19.Sun Baonan,Lian Zhan,Yang Yongzeng.Numerical simulation and actual verification of the effect of wave breaking process on vertical mixing of oil drops[J].Ship and Sea Engineering,2018,47(2):15-19.
[43]Mccay D F.Oil spill impact modeling:Development and validation[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2004,23(10):2441-2456.