用~(13)C脉冲标记法研究互花米草光合碳的分配
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摘要
土壤有机碳库作为陆地生态系统最大的碳库,其微小的变动就能影响着全球碳的平衡、生物多样性、土壤养分状况以及整个生态系统的可持续发展。其中,植物光合作用是陆地和大气间碳循环的驱动力,是土壤有机碳的重要来源。自1979年中国引入互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)后,大面积的互花米草入侵必然对盐沼土壤有机碳的输入和输出、碳循环产生影响。研究互花米草生长期内光合碳的分配问题对湿地碳平衡具有重要意义。在互花米草生育期内通过盆栽实验对互花米草进行4次~(13)C脉冲标记,研究互花米草光合碳在互花米草-土壤系统中各组分的分配及固定。结果表明:(1)标记互花米草~(13)C丰度值明显增加,随标记次数增加呈上升趋势,各组分~(13)C丰度值表现为茎>叶>根>根际土壤>土体;(2)互花米草各组分固定的~(13)C量随标记次数增加而增加,4次标记固定的~(13)C量在52.80-276.81mg·plant~(-1)(以C计)之间。互花米草各组分固定~(13)C量呈现茎>叶>根>根际土壤>土体的趋势;(3)4次标记后互花米草-土壤系统各组分固定~(13)C量占净光合~(13)C总量分配比例呈现茎>叶>根>根际土壤>土体的趋势,叶分配比例为32.48%-39.20%,茎分配比例为39.83%-47.65%,根分配比例为18.01%-20.34%,根际土壤分配比例为0.30%-0.42%,土体分配比例为0.08%-0.20%。光合碳在互花米草各部分以及土体中都有所增加,主要集中在地上部分。
Soil organic carbon pools, the largest carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystems, can affect the balance of global nitrogen,biodiversity, soil nutrient status and the sustainable development of the entire ecosystem. Among them, plant photosynthesis is the driving force of carbon cycle between land and atmosphere. And it's also an important source of soil organic carbon. Large-scale invasion of S. alterniflora which was introduced in China in 1979 had inevitably affected the input and output of organic carbon in salt marsh soil and carbon cycle. Studying the distribution of photosynthetic carbon during the growth period of S. alterniflora is significant for wetland carbon balance. ~(13)C pulse-labelling method was used to estimate the photosynthesized carbon distribution and quantify the carbon inputs into each part in S. alterniflora-soil system during the growth period. The results revealed that:(1) the abundance of ~(13)C value of S. alterniflora increased significantly. The ~(13)C value occurred in the plant-soil system as the order of stem>leaf>root>rhizosphere soil>bulk soil.(2) The amount of ~(13)C fixed by the S. alterniflora was 52.80-276.81 mg ·plant~(-1)(by C)with four times labeling. Fixed ~(13)C increased along with the number of tags. The fixed ~(13)C mainly concentrated in the aboveground parts of plant(stems and leafs) and presented as stems>leaf>root>rhizosphere soil>bulk soil. And(3) after four times labeling, the proportion of net fixed C of the components in plant-soil system presented as stem>leaf>root>rhizosphere soil>bulk soil. The proportion of net fixed ~(13)C was 32.48%-39.20% in leaf; 39.83%-47.65% in stem; 18.01%-20.34% in root; 0.30%-0.42% in rhizosphere soil; 0.08%-0.20% in soil. The photosynthesized carbon in all parts of S. alterniflora and soil has increased. The photosynthetic carbon is mainly concentrated in the aboveground part.
Soil organic carbon pools, the largest carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystems, can affect the balance of global nitrogen,biodiversity, soil nutrient status and the sustainable development of the entire ecosystem. Among them, plant photosynthesis is the driving force of carbon cycle between land and atmosphere. And it's also an important source of soil organic carbon. Large-scale invasion of S. alterniflora which was introduced in China in 1979 had inevitably affected the input and output of organic carbon in salt marsh soil and carbon cycle. Studying the distribution of photosynthetic carbon during the growth period of S. alterniflora is significant for wetland carbon balance. ~(13)C pulse-labelling method was used to estimate the photosynthesized carbon distribution and quantify the carbon inputs into each part in S. alterniflora-soil system during the growth period. The results revealed that:(1) the abundance of ~(13)C value of S. alterniflora increased significantly. The ~(13)C value occurred in the plant-soil system as the order of stem>leaf>root>rhizosphere soil>bulk soil.(2) The amount of ~(13)C fixed by the S. alterniflora was 52.80-276.81 mg ·plant~(-1)(by C)with four times labeling. Fixed ~(13)C increased along with the number of tags. The fixed ~(13)C mainly concentrated in the aboveground parts of plant(stems and leafs) and presented as stems>leaf>root>rhizosphere soil>bulk soil. And(3) after four times labeling, the proportion of net fixed C of the components in plant-soil system presented as stem>leaf>root>rhizosphere soil>bulk soil. The proportion of net fixed ~(13)C was 32.48%-39.20% in leaf; 39.83%-47.65% in stem; 18.01%-20.34% in root; 0.30%-0.42% in rhizosphere soil; 0.08%-0.20% in soil. The photosynthesized carbon in all parts of S. alterniflora and soil has increased. The photosynthetic carbon is mainly concentrated in the aboveground part.
引文
BOWMAN D M J S,COOK G D,2011.Can stable carbon isotopes(δ13C)in soil carbon be used to describe the dynamics of Eucalyptus savanna-rainforest boundaries in the Australian monsoon tropics?[J].Austral Ecology,27(1):94-102.
BROMAND S,WHALEN J K,JANZEN H H,et al.,2001.Apulse-labelling method to generate 13C-enriched plant materials[J].Plant and Soil,235(2):253-257.
BUTLER J L,BOTTOMLEY P J,GRIFFITH S M,et al.,2004.Distribution and turnover of recently fixed photosynthate in ryegrass rhizospheres[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,36(2):371-382.
CHAUDHARY D R,SAXENA J,LORENZ N,et al.,2012.Distribution of recently fixed photosynthate in a switchgrass plant-soil system[J].Plant Soil&Environment,58(6):249-255.
DMJS B,COOK G D 2002.Can stable carbon isotopes(delta13C)in soil carbon be used to describe the dynamics of Eucalyptus savanna-rainforest boundaries in the Australian monsoon tropics?[J].Austral Ecology,27:94-102.
FAN F L,ZHANG F S,QU Z,et al.,2008.Plant carbon partitioning below ground in the presence of different neighboring species[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,40(9):2266-2272.
HAFNER S,UNTEREGELSBACHER S,SEEBER E,et al.,2012.Effect of grazing on carbon stocks and assimilate partitioning in a Tibetan montane pasture revealed by 13CO2 pulse labeling[J].Global Change Biology,18(2):528-538.
KUZYAKOV Y,EHRENSBERGER H,STAHR K,2001.Carbon partitioning and below-ground translocation by Lolium perenne[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,33(1):61-74.
KUZYAKOV Y,SCHNECKENBERGER K,2004.Review of estimation of plant rhizodeposition and their contribution to soil organic matter formation[J].Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,50(1):115-132.
LU Y,WATANABE A,KIMURA M,2003.Carbon dynamics of rhizodeposits,root-and shoot-residues in a rice soil[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,35(9):1223-1230.
REES R M,BINGHAM I J,BADDELEY J A,et al.,2005.The role of plants and land management in sequestering soil carbon in temperate arable and grassland ecosystems[J].Geoderma,128(1-2):130-154.
SIMARD S W,DURALI D M,JONES M D,1997.Carbon allocation and carbon transfer between Betula papyrifera and Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings using a13C pulse-labeling method[J].Plant&Soil,191(1):41-55.
WU Y B,TAN H C,DENG Y C,et al.,2010.Partitioning pattern of carbon flux in a Kobresia grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau revealed by field13C pulse-labeling[J].Global Change Biology,16(8):2322-2333.
安婷婷,汪景宽,李双异,等,2013.用13C脉冲标记方法研究施肥与地膜覆盖对玉米光合碳分配的影响[J].土壤学报,50(5):948-955.AN T T,WANG J K,LI S Y,et al.,2013.The effects of fertilization and film mulching on the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in maize were studied by 13C pulse labeling method[J].Journal of Soil Science,50(5):948-955.
冯建祥,黄敏参,黄茜,等,2013.稳定同位素在滨海湿地生态系统研究中的应用现状与前景[J].生态学杂志,32(4):1065-1074.FENG J X,HUANG M S,HUANG Q,et al.,2013.Application status and prospects of stable isotopes in coastal wetland ecosystem research[J].Journal of Ecology,32(4):1065-1074.
何敏毅,孟凡乔,史雅娟,等,2008.用13C脉冲标记法研究玉米光合碳分配及其向地下的输入[J].环境科学,29(2):446-453.HE M Y,MENG F Q,SHI Y J,et al.,2008.Study on the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in maize and its input to the underground by 13C pulse labeling method[J].Environmental Science,29(2):446-453.
刘萍,江春玉,李忠佩,2015.13C脉冲标记定量研究施氮量对光合碳在水稻-土壤系统中分布的影响[J].土壤学报,52(3):567-575.LIU P,JIANG C Y,LI P Z,2015.13C Pulse Marker Quantitative Study on the Effects of Nitrogen Application on the Distribution of Photosynthetic Carbon in Rice-Soil System[J].Journal of Soil Science,52(3):567-575.
马真,王文颖,姚步青,等.2016.三种类型高寒草地内甘肃马先蒿的光合碳分配[J].生态学杂志,35(3):668-674.MA Z,WANG W Y,YAO B Q,et al.2016.Allocation of photosynthetically fixed carbon in Pedicularis kansuensis in three types of alpine grassland[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,35(3):668-674.
齐鑫,王敬国,2008.应用13C脉冲标记方法研究不同施氮量对冬小麦净光合碳分配及其向地下输入的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,27(6):2524-2530.QI X,WANG J G,2008.The effects of different nitrogen application rates on net photosynthetic carbon distribution and its underground input in winter wheat were studied by 13C pulse labeling method[J].Journal of Agricultural Environmental Sciences,27(6):2524-2530.
乔云发,韩晓增,赵兰坡,2010.长期定量施肥对玉米光合碳分配的影响[J].水土保持学报,24(4):208-212.QIAO Y F,HAN X Z,ZHAO L B,2010.Effects of long-term quantitative fertilization on the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in maize[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,24(4):208-212.
尹云锋,蔡祖聪,2007.不同类型土壤有机碳分解速率的比较[J].应用生态学报,18(10):2251-2255.YI Y F,CAI Z C,2007.Comparison of decomposition rates of organic carbon in different types of soils[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,18(10):2251-2255.
尹云锋,杨玉盛,高人,等,2010.植物富集13C标记技术的初步研究[J].土壤学报,47(4):790-793.YI Y F,YANG Y S,GAO R,et al.,2010.Preliminary study on 13Cmarker technique for plant enrichment[J].Journal of Soil Scienc,47(4):790-793.
周广胜,王玉辉,许振柱,等,2003.中国东北样带碳循环研究进展[J].自然科学进展,13(9):917-922.ZHOU G S,WANG Y H,XU Z Z,et al.,2003.Advances in carbon cycling in Northeast China[J].Advances in natural science,13(9):917-922.
左平,刘长安,赵书河,等,2009.米草属植物在中国海岸带的分布现状[J].海洋学报:中文版,31(5):101-111.ZUO P,LIU C A,ZHAO S H,et al.,2009.Distribution of Spartina in China's coastal zone[J].Journal of Oceanography:Chinese version,31(5):101-111.
BROMAND S,WHALEN J K,JANZEN H H,et al.,2001.Apulse-labelling method to generate 13C-enriched plant materials[J].Plant and Soil,235(2):253-257.
BUTLER J L,BOTTOMLEY P J,GRIFFITH S M,et al.,2004.Distribution and turnover of recently fixed photosynthate in ryegrass rhizospheres[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,36(2):371-382.
CHAUDHARY D R,SAXENA J,LORENZ N,et al.,2012.Distribution of recently fixed photosynthate in a switchgrass plant-soil system[J].Plant Soil&Environment,58(6):249-255.
DMJS B,COOK G D 2002.Can stable carbon isotopes(delta13C)in soil carbon be used to describe the dynamics of Eucalyptus savanna-rainforest boundaries in the Australian monsoon tropics?[J].Austral Ecology,27:94-102.
FAN F L,ZHANG F S,QU Z,et al.,2008.Plant carbon partitioning below ground in the presence of different neighboring species[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,40(9):2266-2272.
HAFNER S,UNTEREGELSBACHER S,SEEBER E,et al.,2012.Effect of grazing on carbon stocks and assimilate partitioning in a Tibetan montane pasture revealed by 13CO2 pulse labeling[J].Global Change Biology,18(2):528-538.
KUZYAKOV Y,EHRENSBERGER H,STAHR K,2001.Carbon partitioning and below-ground translocation by Lolium perenne[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,33(1):61-74.
KUZYAKOV Y,SCHNECKENBERGER K,2004.Review of estimation of plant rhizodeposition and their contribution to soil organic matter formation[J].Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,50(1):115-132.
LU Y,WATANABE A,KIMURA M,2003.Carbon dynamics of rhizodeposits,root-and shoot-residues in a rice soil[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,35(9):1223-1230.
REES R M,BINGHAM I J,BADDELEY J A,et al.,2005.The role of plants and land management in sequestering soil carbon in temperate arable and grassland ecosystems[J].Geoderma,128(1-2):130-154.
SIMARD S W,DURALI D M,JONES M D,1997.Carbon allocation and carbon transfer between Betula papyrifera and Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings using a13C pulse-labeling method[J].Plant&Soil,191(1):41-55.
WU Y B,TAN H C,DENG Y C,et al.,2010.Partitioning pattern of carbon flux in a Kobresia grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau revealed by field13C pulse-labeling[J].Global Change Biology,16(8):2322-2333.
安婷婷,汪景宽,李双异,等,2013.用13C脉冲标记方法研究施肥与地膜覆盖对玉米光合碳分配的影响[J].土壤学报,50(5):948-955.AN T T,WANG J K,LI S Y,et al.,2013.The effects of fertilization and film mulching on the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in maize were studied by 13C pulse labeling method[J].Journal of Soil Science,50(5):948-955.
冯建祥,黄敏参,黄茜,等,2013.稳定同位素在滨海湿地生态系统研究中的应用现状与前景[J].生态学杂志,32(4):1065-1074.FENG J X,HUANG M S,HUANG Q,et al.,2013.Application status and prospects of stable isotopes in coastal wetland ecosystem research[J].Journal of Ecology,32(4):1065-1074.
何敏毅,孟凡乔,史雅娟,等,2008.用13C脉冲标记法研究玉米光合碳分配及其向地下的输入[J].环境科学,29(2):446-453.HE M Y,MENG F Q,SHI Y J,et al.,2008.Study on the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in maize and its input to the underground by 13C pulse labeling method[J].Environmental Science,29(2):446-453.
刘萍,江春玉,李忠佩,2015.13C脉冲标记定量研究施氮量对光合碳在水稻-土壤系统中分布的影响[J].土壤学报,52(3):567-575.LIU P,JIANG C Y,LI P Z,2015.13C Pulse Marker Quantitative Study on the Effects of Nitrogen Application on the Distribution of Photosynthetic Carbon in Rice-Soil System[J].Journal of Soil Science,52(3):567-575.
马真,王文颖,姚步青,等.2016.三种类型高寒草地内甘肃马先蒿的光合碳分配[J].生态学杂志,35(3):668-674.MA Z,WANG W Y,YAO B Q,et al.2016.Allocation of photosynthetically fixed carbon in Pedicularis kansuensis in three types of alpine grassland[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,35(3):668-674.
齐鑫,王敬国,2008.应用13C脉冲标记方法研究不同施氮量对冬小麦净光合碳分配及其向地下输入的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,27(6):2524-2530.QI X,WANG J G,2008.The effects of different nitrogen application rates on net photosynthetic carbon distribution and its underground input in winter wheat were studied by 13C pulse labeling method[J].Journal of Agricultural Environmental Sciences,27(6):2524-2530.
乔云发,韩晓增,赵兰坡,2010.长期定量施肥对玉米光合碳分配的影响[J].水土保持学报,24(4):208-212.QIAO Y F,HAN X Z,ZHAO L B,2010.Effects of long-term quantitative fertilization on the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in maize[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,24(4):208-212.
尹云锋,蔡祖聪,2007.不同类型土壤有机碳分解速率的比较[J].应用生态学报,18(10):2251-2255.YI Y F,CAI Z C,2007.Comparison of decomposition rates of organic carbon in different types of soils[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,18(10):2251-2255.
尹云锋,杨玉盛,高人,等,2010.植物富集13C标记技术的初步研究[J].土壤学报,47(4):790-793.YI Y F,YANG Y S,GAO R,et al.,2010.Preliminary study on 13Cmarker technique for plant enrichment[J].Journal of Soil Scienc,47(4):790-793.
周广胜,王玉辉,许振柱,等,2003.中国东北样带碳循环研究进展[J].自然科学进展,13(9):917-922.ZHOU G S,WANG Y H,XU Z Z,et al.,2003.Advances in carbon cycling in Northeast China[J].Advances in natural science,13(9):917-922.
左平,刘长安,赵书河,等,2009.米草属植物在中国海岸带的分布现状[J].海洋学报:中文版,31(5):101-111.ZUO P,LIU C A,ZHAO S H,et al.,2009.Distribution of Spartina in China's coastal zone[J].Journal of Oceanography:Chinese version,31(5):101-111.