全国疾控中心生活饮用水总硬度检测的实验室间比对研究
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摘要
目的对全国各级疾控中心实验室生活饮用水中总硬度检测结果进行分析和比对,了解实验室水质检测能力。方法实验室间比对计划中使用的总硬度考核样品参考GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》的限值要求,设计为标准限值附近相接近的两种浓度,采用单因子方差分析法和线性拟合趋势分析法分别对其进行均匀性和稳定性检验,各实验室随机发放。对参与比对的158家实验室的测定结果采用稳健统计处理技术进行统计分析,采用Z值评定各实验室的测试结果。结果根据统计中位值分析上报的158个结果,测定结果为满意值的单位个数为124个,占78.5%;可疑值个数为22个,占14.0%;离群值个数为12个,占7.6%。省和省会疾控中心的基础检测水平明显优于地级和县区级;华东、东北和中南地区疾控中心实验室检测总硬度水平较高,华北、西北地区偏低。结论我国疾控中心生活饮用水中总硬度检测能力总体较好,少部分实验室检测能力还有待进一步提高;各级疾控中心应加强自身实验室质量控制及相关人员技术培训,有效改进和提升实验室的水质监测能力。
Objective To analyze and evaluate the results of testing the total hardness in drinking water of national CDC at all levels through the inter-laboratory comparison program,understand the water quality testing capability of laboratory.Methods The total hardness samples used in this inter-laboratory comparison program used the principle that the samples designed to be as close as possible to two similar concentrations according to Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2006),which were randomly distributed to each laboratory.The homogeneity and stability of the samples were tested by single factor analysis of variance and linear regression.The test results of 158 laboratories involved in this program were statistically analyzed by statistical processing technology and the test results of each participating laboratory were assessed by Z-score.Results According to the 158 results reported by the statistical median value analysis,the number of units that obtained satisfactory results of the measurement was 124,accounting for 78.5%.The number of suspicious values was 22,accounting for 14.0%.The number of outliers was 12,accounting for 7.6%.The basic testing level of CDC in provincial and provincial capitals were obviously better than that in prefectural and county level.The total hardness level detected by CDC laboratories in east China,northeast China and central and south China were higher than that in north China and northwest China.Conclusion The statistical results of inter-laboratory comparison showed that the detection ability of total hardness in drinking water of CDC in China is generally good,only a small part of laboratories need to be further improved in their testing ability.CDC at all levels should strengthen their own laboratory quality control capabilities and related personnel technical training,and effectively improve the laboratory water quality monitoring capabilities.
Objective To analyze and evaluate the results of testing the total hardness in drinking water of national CDC at all levels through the inter-laboratory comparison program,understand the water quality testing capability of laboratory.Methods The total hardness samples used in this inter-laboratory comparison program used the principle that the samples designed to be as close as possible to two similar concentrations according to Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2006),which were randomly distributed to each laboratory.The homogeneity and stability of the samples were tested by single factor analysis of variance and linear regression.The test results of 158 laboratories involved in this program were statistically analyzed by statistical processing technology and the test results of each participating laboratory were assessed by Z-score.Results According to the 158 results reported by the statistical median value analysis,the number of units that obtained satisfactory results of the measurement was 124,accounting for 78.5%.The number of suspicious values was 22,accounting for 14.0%.The number of outliers was 12,accounting for 7.6%.The basic testing level of CDC in provincial and provincial capitals were obviously better than that in prefectural and county level.The total hardness level detected by CDC laboratories in east China,northeast China and central and south China were higher than that in north China and northwest China.Conclusion The statistical results of inter-laboratory comparison showed that the detection ability of total hardness in drinking water of CDC in China is generally good,only a small part of laboratories need to be further improved in their testing ability.CDC at all levels should strengthen their own laboratory quality control capabilities and related personnel technical training,and effectively improve the laboratory water quality monitoring capabilities.
引文
[1] 金银龙,鄂学礼,张岚等.GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》释义[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2006:33-34.
[2] 中华人民共和国卫生部.生活应用水卫生标准:GB 5749-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006 .
[3] 赵艳玲,张美云,郭春城,等.2006-2016年北京市朝阳区生活饮用水总硬度分析[J].职业与健康,2018,34(1):100-102.
[4] 舒为群.关注饮用低矿物质水人群的健康风险[J].中华预防医学杂志,2015,49(10):853-855.
[5] Knezovic NJ,Memic M,Mabic M,et al.Correlation between water hardness and cardiovascular diseases in Mostar city,Bosnia and Herzegovina[J].J Water Health,2014 ,12(4):817-823.
[6] 刘里.火焰原子吸收光谱法对饮用水总硬度的测定[J].安徽化工,2015,41(6),82 -85.
[7] 李雪霏.饮用水中常见几种微量元素的测定[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.
[8] 王丽,范传海,曹莹莹,等.ICP-AES测定生活饮用水总硬度[J].广州华工,2016,44(21),117-119.
[9] 高山.离子色谱法检测饮用水中硬度变化[J].现代农业,2014(9):103-104.
[10] 张媛媛,李德卿,燕淑海.生活饮用水总硬度的检测及其影响因素分析[J].潍坊工程职业学院学报,2016,29(2),90-92.
[2] 中华人民共和国卫生部.生活应用水卫生标准:GB 5749-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006 .
[3] 赵艳玲,张美云,郭春城,等.2006-2016年北京市朝阳区生活饮用水总硬度分析[J].职业与健康,2018,34(1):100-102.
[4] 舒为群.关注饮用低矿物质水人群的健康风险[J].中华预防医学杂志,2015,49(10):853-855.
[5] Knezovic NJ,Memic M,Mabic M,et al.Correlation between water hardness and cardiovascular diseases in Mostar city,Bosnia and Herzegovina[J].J Water Health,2014 ,12(4):817-823.
[6] 刘里.火焰原子吸收光谱法对饮用水总硬度的测定[J].安徽化工,2015,41(6),82 -85.
[7] 李雪霏.饮用水中常见几种微量元素的测定[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.
[8] 王丽,范传海,曹莹莹,等.ICP-AES测定生活饮用水总硬度[J].广州华工,2016,44(21),117-119.
[9] 高山.离子色谱法检测饮用水中硬度变化[J].现代农业,2014(9):103-104.
[10] 张媛媛,李德卿,燕淑海.生活饮用水总硬度的检测及其影响因素分析[J].潍坊工程职业学院学报,2016,29(2),90-92.