重金属在土壤-葡萄体系中的富集和迁移规律
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摘要
为探究重金属在园地土壤-葡萄体系中的富集及迁移特征,于果实成熟期采样,系统分析土壤以及葡萄根、茎、叶、果实中重金属元素Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Hg和As含量。结果表明:不同重金属在葡萄植株不同器官中分布各异,Pb、Cr、As、Ni含量分布由高到低为根>叶>茎>果实,Zn、Cu、Hg含量分布由高到低为叶>根/茎>果实,Cd含量分布由高到低为茎>根>叶>果实。葡萄植株平均富集系数Cd为1. 64,Zn接近1. 00,其余远小于1. 00。根据重金属富集能力大小可分为3类:第1类是Cd,富集能力较强;第2类是Zn,具有一定富集能力;第3类是Cr、Pb、Ni、Hg、As、Cu,无富集能力。不同重金属在土壤-葡萄体系中迁移特征各不相同,其中Zn在根-土、根-茎和茎-叶间迁移能力强,在茎-果间迁移能力弱;Cd在根-茎间的迁移能力很强,在茎-叶和茎-果间迁移能力弱;Cu在根-茎和茎-叶间迁移能力较强,在根-土和茎-果间迁移能力弱;Hg在茎-叶间迁移能力很强,Cr、Pb、As和Ni在茎-叶间也有一定的迁移能力,但在其他界面迁移均受到一定的阻碍。
In order to explore the characteristics of enrichment and migration of heavy metals in the soil-grape system,grapevine was systematically analyzed in ripe. The contents of Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Hg,As in the soils,roots,stems,leaves and fruits of grape were determined. The results show that different heavy metals were specific in different organs of grape plants. The distribution of Pb,Cr,As and Ni contents from high to low was root>leaf>stem>fruit,and the distribution of Zn,Cu and Hg contents from high to low was leaf>root,stem>fruit,and the distribution of Cd content from high to low was stem>root>leaf>fruit. The average enrichment coefficient(BCF)of grape plants from high to low was Cd>Zn>Cu>Hg>Ni>Cr>As>Pb. Cd was 1. 64 and Zn was close to 1. 00,and the rest was much less than 1. 00. According to the heavy metal migration ability,it could be divided into three categories:The first type was Cd,which had strong enrichment ability. The second type was Zn,which had certain enrichment ability. The third type was Cr,Pb,Ni,Hg,and Cu,which had no enrichment ability. The migration characteristics of different heavy metals in soil-grapevine system were different. Among them,Zn had strong migration ability between root-soil,root-stem and between stem-leaf,but weak between stem-fruit;Cd had very strong root-stem migration ability,but weak between stem-leaf and stem-fruit;Cu had stronger migration ability between root-stem and between stem-leaf,but weaker between root-soil and between stem-fruit;Hg had very strong migration ability between stem-leaf. Cr,Pb,As and Ni also had certain migration ability between stem-leaf,but their absorption was hindered in some way.
In order to explore the characteristics of enrichment and migration of heavy metals in the soil-grape system,grapevine was systematically analyzed in ripe. The contents of Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Hg,As in the soils,roots,stems,leaves and fruits of grape were determined. The results show that different heavy metals were specific in different organs of grape plants. The distribution of Pb,Cr,As and Ni contents from high to low was root>leaf>stem>fruit,and the distribution of Zn,Cu and Hg contents from high to low was leaf>root,stem>fruit,and the distribution of Cd content from high to low was stem>root>leaf>fruit. The average enrichment coefficient(BCF)of grape plants from high to low was Cd>Zn>Cu>Hg>Ni>Cr>As>Pb. Cd was 1. 64 and Zn was close to 1. 00,and the rest was much less than 1. 00. According to the heavy metal migration ability,it could be divided into three categories:The first type was Cd,which had strong enrichment ability. The second type was Zn,which had certain enrichment ability. The third type was Cr,Pb,Ni,Hg,and Cu,which had no enrichment ability. The migration characteristics of different heavy metals in soil-grapevine system were different. Among them,Zn had strong migration ability between root-soil,root-stem and between stem-leaf,but weak between stem-fruit;Cd had very strong root-stem migration ability,but weak between stem-leaf and stem-fruit;Cu had stronger migration ability between root-stem and between stem-leaf,but weaker between root-soil and between stem-fruit;Hg had very strong migration ability between stem-leaf. Cr,Pb,As and Ni also had certain migration ability between stem-leaf,but their absorption was hindered in some way.
引文
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