水泥工业区内土壤剖面金属元素含量特征及其指示意义
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摘要
为了研究水泥工业区内污染土壤中金属元素含量变化特征,对安徽省凤阳县水泥工业区内一条土壤剖面中金属元素(Al、Fe、Ca、Mg、K、Na、Cr、Ba、Mn、Zn)含量进行了测量。结果显示,土壤剖面分2层,第一层(0～20 cm)为污染层,该层Al、Fe、Mg、Na、Ba、Mn、Cr元素主要来源于自然土壤,没有富集,Ca、K、Zn元素主要来源于水泥粉尘的输入,存在富集,其中0～2 cm土壤的富集因子最大,Ca和Zn含量最高,指示0～2 cm土壤被污染的程度最深。第二层(20 cm以下)为土壤母质层,该层各金属元素含量相对比较稳定。由于0～2 cm土壤中Ca、Zn元素还没有大量向下淋溶,导致第一层土壤中Ca、Zn含量随采样深度的增加而减少。土壤剖面中Ca和Zn的含量能指示水泥粉尘对工业区土壤环境的污染,土壤母质层的Ca、Zn含量可以作为参考的警戒值。
In order to study the characteristics of metal elements in the polluted soil of the cement industry zone,a soil profile in the cement industry zone of the Fengyan County,Anhui Province,was selected and studied. The concentrations of metal elements,Al,Fe,Ca,Mg,K,Na,Ni,Ba,Mn and Zn,in soil samples were measured. Results showed that the soil profile can be divided into 2 layers,the upper layer( 0-20 cm) has been polluted,the elements of Al,Fe,Mg,Na,Ba,Mn and Cr were mainly derived from the natural soil and showed no enrichments,but the elements of Ca,K and Zn were mainly derived from the input of cement dust and showed significant enrichment. The enrichment factors of metal elements were large in the topsoil,and the concentrations of Ca and Zn were high,implying that the topsoil was polluted severely. The lower layer( below 20 cm) was mainly soil parent materials,the concentrations of metal elements were relatively stable. Ca and Zn in 0-2 cm soil had not were leached downward in large quantities,which caused concentrations of Ca and Zn decreased with the increasing of sampling depth. The concentrations of Ca and Zn in soils of the cement industry zone could indicate the soil pollution from the cement dust,and the background concentrations of Ca and Zn in soil parent materials could be used as the critical reference values.
In order to study the characteristics of metal elements in the polluted soil of the cement industry zone,a soil profile in the cement industry zone of the Fengyan County,Anhui Province,was selected and studied. The concentrations of metal elements,Al,Fe,Ca,Mg,K,Na,Ni,Ba,Mn and Zn,in soil samples were measured. Results showed that the soil profile can be divided into 2 layers,the upper layer( 0-20 cm) has been polluted,the elements of Al,Fe,Mg,Na,Ba,Mn and Cr were mainly derived from the natural soil and showed no enrichments,but the elements of Ca,K and Zn were mainly derived from the input of cement dust and showed significant enrichment. The enrichment factors of metal elements were large in the topsoil,and the concentrations of Ca and Zn were high,implying that the topsoil was polluted severely. The lower layer( below 20 cm) was mainly soil parent materials,the concentrations of metal elements were relatively stable. Ca and Zn in 0-2 cm soil had not were leached downward in large quantities,which caused concentrations of Ca and Zn decreased with the increasing of sampling depth. The concentrations of Ca and Zn in soils of the cement industry zone could indicate the soil pollution from the cement dust,and the background concentrations of Ca and Zn in soil parent materials could be used as the critical reference values.
引文
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[35] Yang T,Liu Q S,Li H X,et al. Anthropogenic magnetic particles and heavy metals in the road dust:Magnetic identification and its implications[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(9):1175-1185.
[36]曹丽婉,胡守云,Appel Erwin,等.临汾市树叶磁性的时空变化特征及其对大气重金属污染的指示[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(5):1729-1742.
[39]聂燕,王新,王博,等.西北典型工矿型城市街道尘埃重金属污染的环境磁学响应[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3438-3446.
[38] Chen X,Xia X,Zhao Y,et al. Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils and correlation with urban traffic in Beijing,China[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,181(1-3):640-646.
[39]傅柳松,孟范平,刘超,等.水泥粉尘对土壤和作物的影响[J].农业环境保护,1996,15(5):221-224.
[40]刘俊岭,杜梅,张克云,等.水泥粉尘污染对水稻、油菜和土壤环境的影响[J].植物资源与环境,1997,6(3):42-47.
[2] Adejumo J A,Obioh I B,Ogunsola O J,et al. The atmospheric deposition of major,minor and trace elements within and around three cement factories[J]. Journal of Radioanalytical&Nuclear Chemistry,1994,179(2):195-204.
[3] Tüzen M. Determination of heavy metals in soil,mushroom and plant samples by atomic absorption spectrometry[J]. Microchemical Journal,2003,74(3):289-297.
[4] Isikli B,Demir T A,Urer S M,et al. Effects of chromium exposure from a cement factory[J]. Environmental Research,2003,91(2):113-118.
[5] Schuhmacher M,Domingo J L,Garreta J. Pollutants emitted by a cement plant:health risks for the population living in the neighborhood[J].Environmental Research,2004,95(2):198-206.
[6] Mandal A,Voutchkov M. Heavy metals in soils around the cement factory in Rockfort,Kingston,Jamaica[J]. International Journal of Geosciences,2011,2,48-54.
[7] Semhi K,Al-Khirbash S,Abdalla O,et al. Dry atmospheric contribution to the plant-soil system around a cement factory:spatial variations and sources—a case study from Oman[J]. Water Air and Soil Pollution,2010,205(1-4):343-357.
[8] Al-Khashman O A,Shawabkeh R A. Metals distribution in soils around the cement factory in southern Jordan[J]. Environmental Pollution,2006,140(3):387-394.
[9] Bermudez G M A,Moreno M,Invernizzi R,et al. Heavy metal pollution in topsoil near a cement plant:The role of organic matter and distance to the source to predict total and HCl-extracted heavy metal concentrations[J]. Chemosphere,2010,78(4),375-381.
[10] Paoli L,Winkler A,Guttova A,et al. Magnetic properties and element concentrations in lichens exposed to airborne pollutants released during cement production[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2017,24(3):12063-12080.
[11] Goluchowska B J. Some factors affecting an increase in magnetic susceptibility of cement dusts[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2001,48(2):103-112.
[12] Wang X S. Magnetic properties and heavy metal pollution of soils in the vicinity of a cement plant,Xuzhou(China)[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2013,98(3),73-78.
[13] Magiera T,Goluchowska B,Jablonska M. Technogenic magnetic particles in alkaline dusts from power and cement plants[J]. Water Air Soil Pollution,2013,24(1):1389.
[14] Konieczyński J,Stec K. The occurrence of selected trace elements in grain fractions of dust emitted from power,coke and cement plants[J]. Archives of Environmental Protection,2009,35(4):3-21.
[15] Evans M E,Heller F. Environmental magnetism[M]. London:Academic Press,2003.
[16] Shan H D,Lu S G. Mineral magnetism of power-plant fly ash and its environmental implication[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2005,25(2):141-146.
[17] Desenfant F,Petrovsky E,Rocbette P,et al. Magnetic signature of industrial pollution of stream sediments and correlation with heavy metals:Case study from South France[J]. Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2004,152(1):297-312.
[18] Kapicka A,Jordanova N,Petrovsky E. et al. Effect of different soil conditions on magnetic parameters of power-plant fly ashes[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2001,48(2):93-102.
[19] Schmidt A,Yarnold R,Hilla M,et al. Magnetic susceptibility as proxy for heavy metal pollution:a site study[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2005,85(3):109-117.
[20]李勇.安徽凤阳水泥工业区内污染土壤剖面的磁学研究[J].土壤通报,2014,45(5):1089-1093.
[21]李勇,邹长明,姚洁.不同源区大气降尘的磁学性质及其环境意义[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,(4):158-168.
[22] Duan X M,Hu S Y,Yan H T,et al. Relationship between magnetic parameters and heavy element contents of arable soil around Meishan steel mill,Nanjing[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2010,53(3):411-418.
[23]段雪梅,沈明洁,胡守云,等.首钢工业区土壤剖面重金属含量及其结合态的磁指示作用的研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):225-232.
[24]孙境蔚,于瑞莲,胡恭任,等.应用铅锶同位素示踪研究泉州某林地垂直剖面土壤中重金属污染及来源解析[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1566-1575.
[25]刘银龙,孙彬彬,贺灵,等.福建龙海土壤垂向剖面元素分布特征[J].物探与化探,2016,40(4):713-721.
[26] Shu J,Dearing J A,Morse A P,et al. Determining the source of atmospheric particles in Shanghai,China,from magnetic geochemical properties[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(15):2615-2625.
[27]李晋昌,董治宝.大气降尘研究进展及展望[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(2):102-109.
[28]黄顺生,华明,金洋,等.南京市大气降尘重金属含量特征及来源研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(5):161-166.
[29]沈明洁,胡守云,U. Blaha,等.北京石景山工业区附近一个污染土壤剖面的磁学研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1665-1673.
[30]王博,夏敦胜,余晔,等.典型沙漠绿洲城市表土磁性特征及环境指示意义[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(3):891-905.
[31]王博,赵爽,夏敦胜,等.兰州市城区河道表层沉积物重金属污染及磁学参数相关关系研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1430-1440.
[32] Buat-Menard P. Variable influence of the atmospheric flux on the trace metal chemistry of oceanic suspended matter[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1979,42(3):398-411.
[33] Liu Q T,Diamond M E,Gingrich S E,et al. Accumulation of metals,trace elements and semi-volatile organic compounds on exterior window surfaces in Baltimore[J]. Environmental Pollution,2003,122(1):51-61.
[34] Li X,Wai O W H,Li Y S,et al. Heavy metal distribution in sediment profiles of the Pearl River estuary,South China[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2000,15(5):567-581.
[35] Yang T,Liu Q S,Li H X,et al. Anthropogenic magnetic particles and heavy metals in the road dust:Magnetic identification and its implications[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(9):1175-1185.
[36]曹丽婉,胡守云,Appel Erwin,等.临汾市树叶磁性的时空变化特征及其对大气重金属污染的指示[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(5):1729-1742.
[39]聂燕,王新,王博,等.西北典型工矿型城市街道尘埃重金属污染的环境磁学响应[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3438-3446.
[38] Chen X,Xia X,Zhao Y,et al. Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils and correlation with urban traffic in Beijing,China[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,181(1-3):640-646.
[39]傅柳松,孟范平,刘超,等.水泥粉尘对土壤和作物的影响[J].农业环境保护,1996,15(5):221-224.
[40]刘俊岭,杜梅,张克云,等.水泥粉尘污染对水稻、油菜和土壤环境的影响[J].植物资源与环境,1997,6(3):42-47.