河北省典型污灌区农田镉污染特征及环境风险评价
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摘要
以河北省石家庄市典型历史污灌区农田为研究对象,对污灌区内土壤和小麦、玉米植株内Cd的含量进行分析,评价污灌区农田Cd污染程度、潜在生态风险和潜在健康风险.结果表明,上游污灌区和中下游污灌区土壤表层Cd含量分别为ND～3.88、0.10～2.30 mg·kg~(-1),明显高于清灌区(0.13～0.23 mg·kg~(-1))及河北土壤背景值(0.094 mg·kg~(-1)),超农用地土壤污染风险筛选值(0.3 mg·kg~(-1))点位分别达42.9%和35.2%;小麦和玉米籽粒平均Cd含量均未超标,小麦籽粒富集浓度高于玉米,污灌区小麦和玉米籽粒已出现明显累积现象.潜在生态风险表明上游污灌区和中下游污灌区表层土壤基本处于轻度～中度风险,部分区域生态风险较高～极高.健康风险评价结果表明Cd通过皮肤、呼吸、经口摄入暴露途径对人体健康造成的风险在可接受范围内.研究结果为污灌区农田土壤的安全利用和管理决策依据,并为开展农田土壤修复工程提供科学参考.
Soil, wheat and maize plants samples were collected and were analyzed for their respective Cd spatial distributions in the typical sewage-irrigated farmland of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province. Results showed that the concentrations of Cd in upstream and downstream sewage irrigation area were ND～3.88, 0.10～2.3 mg·kg~(-1), respectively, which exceeded that in soil with clean water irrigation(0.13～0.23 mg·kg~(-1)) and background value of soil in Hebei(0.094 mg·kg~(-1)). 42.9% and 35.2% of soil samples from upstream and downstream sewage irrigation area were exceeded the risk screening values of farmland soil(0.3 mg·kg~(-1)). The concentrations of Cd in wheat and maize in sewage irrigation were higher than those in soil with clean water irrigation, and the grain concentrations of Cd in wheat were higher than those in maize. Potential ecological risks of Cd in some soil samples of upstream and downstream sewage irrigation area were at a mild to moderate ecological hazard. The health risks caused by Cd through skin, breathing and mouth exposure pathways were within an acceptable range. The results can provide the basis for safe use and management decision of farmland soil in sewage irrigation areas, and provide scientific reference for the remediation of soils.
Soil, wheat and maize plants samples were collected and were analyzed for their respective Cd spatial distributions in the typical sewage-irrigated farmland of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province. Results showed that the concentrations of Cd in upstream and downstream sewage irrigation area were ND～3.88, 0.10～2.3 mg·kg~(-1), respectively, which exceeded that in soil with clean water irrigation(0.13～0.23 mg·kg~(-1)) and background value of soil in Hebei(0.094 mg·kg~(-1)). 42.9% and 35.2% of soil samples from upstream and downstream sewage irrigation area were exceeded the risk screening values of farmland soil(0.3 mg·kg~(-1)). The concentrations of Cd in wheat and maize in sewage irrigation were higher than those in soil with clean water irrigation, and the grain concentrations of Cd in wheat were higher than those in maize. Potential ecological risks of Cd in some soil samples of upstream and downstream sewage irrigation area were at a mild to moderate ecological hazard. The health risks caused by Cd through skin, breathing and mouth exposure pathways were within an acceptable range. The results can provide the basis for safe use and management decision of farmland soil in sewage irrigation areas, and provide scientific reference for the remediation of soils.
引文
Anjum S A, Tanveer M, Hussain S, et al. 2015. Cadmium toxicity in Maize (Zea mays L.): consequences on antioxidative systems, reactive oxygen species and cadmium accumulation[J]. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 22(21): 17022-17030
Cheng J L, Zhou S, Zhu Y W. 2007. Assessment and mapping of environmental quality in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences 19(1):50-54
柴世伟, 温琰茂, 张亚雷, 等. 2006. 地积累指数法在土壤重金属污染评价中的应用[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 34(12):1657-1661
陈涛, 常庆瑞, 刘京, 等. 2012. 长期污灌农田土壤重金属污染及潜在环境风险评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 31(11):2152-2159
崔邢涛, 栾文楼, 石少坚, 等. 2010. 石家庄污灌区土壤重金属污染现状评价[J]. 地球与环境, 38(1):36-42
单天宇, 刘秋辛, 阎秀兰, 等. 2017. 镉砷复合污染条件下镉低吸收水稻品种对镉和砷的吸收和累积特征[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 36(10):1938-1945
Garg V K, Yadav P, Mor S, et al. 2014. Heavy metals bioconcentration from soil to vegetables and assessment of health risk caused by their ingestion[J]. Biological Trace Element Research, 157(3):256-265
Hakanson L. 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution controla sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research, 14(8):975-1001
何俊, 王学东, 陈世宝, 等. 2016. 典型污灌区土壤中Cd的形态、有效性及其影响因子[J]. 中国环境科学, 36(10):3056-3063
黄爽, 张仁铎, 张家应,等. 2012.土壤理化性质对吸附重金属镉的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 31(1):19-22
Hu M H, Yuan J H, Lai C T. 2014. Pollution loss rate assessment of soil heavy metals in paddy field with sewage irrigation in Guixi City, Jiangxi Province, China[J]. Applied Mechanics & Materials, 614:658-663
焦文涛, 蒋新, 余贵芬, 等. 2005. 土壤有机质对镉在土壤中吸附-解吸行为的影响[J]. 环境化学, 24(5):545-549
Khan S, Cao Q, Zheng Y M, et al. 2008. Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 152(3):686-92
Liang J, Chen C, Song X, et al. 2011. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in soil and plants from Dunhua Sewage Irrigation Area[J]. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 6(11):5314-5324
Liu W H, Zhao J Z, Ouyang Z Y, et al. 2005. Impacts of sewage irrigation on heavy metal distribution and contamination in Beijing, China[J]. Environment International, 31(6):805-812
李梅, 吴启堂, 李锐, 等. 2009. 佛山市郊污灌菜地土壤和蔬菜的重金属污染状况与评价[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 30(2):19-21
李启权, 张少尧, 代天飞, 等. 2014. 成都平原农地土壤镉含量特征及来源研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 33(5):898-906
刘立群.1990. 赣南土壤镉污染的防治途径[J].资源开发与保护, 6(2):100-102
Lottermoser B G. 2012. Effect of long-term irrigation with sewage effluent on the metal content of soils, Berlin, Germany[J]. Environmental Geochemistry & Health, 34(1):67-76
Meng W, Wang Z, Hu B, et al. 2016. Heavy metals in soil and plants after long-term sewage irrigation at Tianjin China: A case study assessment[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 171:153-161
孟凡乔, 巩晓颖, 葛建国, 等. 2004. 污灌对土壤重金属含量的影响及其定量估算--以河北省洨河和府河灌区为例[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 23(2):277-280
Muchuweti M, Birkett J W, Chinyanga E, et al. 2006. Heavy metal content of vegetables irrigated with mixtures of wastewater and sewage sludge in Zimbabwe: Implications for human health[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 112(1):41-48
庞妍, 同延安, 梁连友, 等. 2015. 污灌农田土壤-作物体系重金属污染评价[J]. 农业机械学报, 46(1):148-154
Rattan R K, Datta S P, Chhonkar P K, et al. 2005. Long-term impact of irrigation with sewage effluents on heavy metal content in soils, crops and groundwater—a case study[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 109(3):310-322
孙洪欣, 赵全利, 薛培英,等. 2015. 不同夏玉米品种对镉、铅积累与转运的差异性田间研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 24(12):2068-2074
孙亚芳, 王祖伟, 孟伟庆, 等. 2015. 天津污灌区小麦和水稻重金属的含量及健康风险评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 34(4):679-685
Sukreeyapongse O, Holm P E, Strobel B W, et al. 2002.pH-dependent release of cadmium, copper, and lead from natural and sludge-amended soils.[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 31(6):1901-1909
Sun L N, Yang X B, Wang W Q, et al. 2008. Spatial distribution of Cd and Cu in soils in Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area (SZIA), China[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology), 9(3):271
Wang X R, Zhou S L, Wu S H. 2016. Accumulation of heavy metals in different wheat plant parts in the Yangtze River Delta, China [J]. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 18(6): 1242-1248
魏敬池. 2014. 洨河流域地表水质与地下水质污染研究[J]. 河北工业科技, 31(5):407-411
吴文勇, 尹世洋, 刘洪禄, 等 2013. 污灌区土壤重金属空间结构与分布特征[J].农业工程学报, 9(4):165-173
Xing W, Zhang H, Scheckel K G, et al. 2016. Heavy metal and metalloid concentrations in components of 25 wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties in the vicinity of lead smelters in Henan province, China[J]. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 188(1):1-10
Xue Z J, Liu S Q, Liu Y L, et al. 2012. Health risk assessment of heavy metals for edible parts of vegetables grown in sewage-irrigated soils in suburbs of Baoding City, China[J]. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 184(6):3503-3513
辛璐君, 齐学斌, 郭建青, 等. 2016. 单次污水灌溉后长期污灌土壤镉的垂向分布特征[J].中国生态农业学报, 24(2):235-243
熊孜. 2017. 河北农田土壤重金属污染特征及风险评估研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院. 22-25
杨朝晖. 2007. 污水利用对河北省粮食作物生长环境及品质影响研究[D]. 江苏:南京理工大学.1-6
Yadav R K, Minhas P S, Lal K, et al. 2015. Accumulation of metals in soils, groundwater and edible parts of crops grown under long-term irrigation with sewage mixed industrial effluents[J]. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 95(2):200-206
Zeng F, Ali S, Zhang H, et al. 2011. The influence of pH and organic matter content in paddy soil on heavy metal availability and their uptake by rice plants[J]. Environmental Pollution, 159(1):84-91
Zhang Y L, Dai J L, Wangab R Q. 2008. Effects of long-term sewage irrigation on agricultural soil microbial structural and functional characterizations in Shandong, China[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 44(1):84-91
Zhuang P, Lu H, Li Z, et al. 2014. Multiple Exposure and Effects Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Population near Mining Area in South China[J]. Plos One, 4(9):e94484
张会民, 徐明岗, 吕家珑,等. 2005. pH 对土壤及其组分吸附和解吸镉的影响研究进展[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 24(z1):320-324
张丽红, 徐慧珍, 于青春, 等. 2010. 河北清苑县及周边农田土壤及农作物中重金属污染状况与分析评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 29(11):2139-2146
Cheng J L, Zhou S, Zhu Y W. 2007. Assessment and mapping of environmental quality in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences 19(1):50-54
柴世伟, 温琰茂, 张亚雷, 等. 2006. 地积累指数法在土壤重金属污染评价中的应用[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 34(12):1657-1661
陈涛, 常庆瑞, 刘京, 等. 2012. 长期污灌农田土壤重金属污染及潜在环境风险评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 31(11):2152-2159
崔邢涛, 栾文楼, 石少坚, 等. 2010. 石家庄污灌区土壤重金属污染现状评价[J]. 地球与环境, 38(1):36-42
单天宇, 刘秋辛, 阎秀兰, 等. 2017. 镉砷复合污染条件下镉低吸收水稻品种对镉和砷的吸收和累积特征[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 36(10):1938-1945
Garg V K, Yadav P, Mor S, et al. 2014. Heavy metals bioconcentration from soil to vegetables and assessment of health risk caused by their ingestion[J]. Biological Trace Element Research, 157(3):256-265
Hakanson L. 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution controla sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research, 14(8):975-1001
何俊, 王学东, 陈世宝, 等. 2016. 典型污灌区土壤中Cd的形态、有效性及其影响因子[J]. 中国环境科学, 36(10):3056-3063
黄爽, 张仁铎, 张家应,等. 2012.土壤理化性质对吸附重金属镉的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 31(1):19-22
Hu M H, Yuan J H, Lai C T. 2014. Pollution loss rate assessment of soil heavy metals in paddy field with sewage irrigation in Guixi City, Jiangxi Province, China[J]. Applied Mechanics & Materials, 614:658-663
焦文涛, 蒋新, 余贵芬, 等. 2005. 土壤有机质对镉在土壤中吸附-解吸行为的影响[J]. 环境化学, 24(5):545-549
Khan S, Cao Q, Zheng Y M, et al. 2008. Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 152(3):686-92
Liang J, Chen C, Song X, et al. 2011. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in soil and plants from Dunhua Sewage Irrigation Area[J]. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 6(11):5314-5324
Liu W H, Zhao J Z, Ouyang Z Y, et al. 2005. Impacts of sewage irrigation on heavy metal distribution and contamination in Beijing, China[J]. Environment International, 31(6):805-812
李梅, 吴启堂, 李锐, 等. 2009. 佛山市郊污灌菜地土壤和蔬菜的重金属污染状况与评价[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 30(2):19-21
李启权, 张少尧, 代天飞, 等. 2014. 成都平原农地土壤镉含量特征及来源研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 33(5):898-906
刘立群.1990. 赣南土壤镉污染的防治途径[J].资源开发与保护, 6(2):100-102
Lottermoser B G. 2012. Effect of long-term irrigation with sewage effluent on the metal content of soils, Berlin, Germany[J]. Environmental Geochemistry & Health, 34(1):67-76
Meng W, Wang Z, Hu B, et al. 2016. Heavy metals in soil and plants after long-term sewage irrigation at Tianjin China: A case study assessment[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 171:153-161
孟凡乔, 巩晓颖, 葛建国, 等. 2004. 污灌对土壤重金属含量的影响及其定量估算--以河北省洨河和府河灌区为例[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 23(2):277-280
Muchuweti M, Birkett J W, Chinyanga E, et al. 2006. Heavy metal content of vegetables irrigated with mixtures of wastewater and sewage sludge in Zimbabwe: Implications for human health[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 112(1):41-48
庞妍, 同延安, 梁连友, 等. 2015. 污灌农田土壤-作物体系重金属污染评价[J]. 农业机械学报, 46(1):148-154
Rattan R K, Datta S P, Chhonkar P K, et al. 2005. Long-term impact of irrigation with sewage effluents on heavy metal content in soils, crops and groundwater—a case study[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 109(3):310-322
孙洪欣, 赵全利, 薛培英,等. 2015. 不同夏玉米品种对镉、铅积累与转运的差异性田间研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 24(12):2068-2074
孙亚芳, 王祖伟, 孟伟庆, 等. 2015. 天津污灌区小麦和水稻重金属的含量及健康风险评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 34(4):679-685
Sukreeyapongse O, Holm P E, Strobel B W, et al. 2002.pH-dependent release of cadmium, copper, and lead from natural and sludge-amended soils.[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 31(6):1901-1909
Sun L N, Yang X B, Wang W Q, et al. 2008. Spatial distribution of Cd and Cu in soils in Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area (SZIA), China[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology), 9(3):271
Wang X R, Zhou S L, Wu S H. 2016. Accumulation of heavy metals in different wheat plant parts in the Yangtze River Delta, China [J]. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 18(6): 1242-1248
魏敬池. 2014. 洨河流域地表水质与地下水质污染研究[J]. 河北工业科技, 31(5):407-411
吴文勇, 尹世洋, 刘洪禄, 等 2013. 污灌区土壤重金属空间结构与分布特征[J].农业工程学报, 9(4):165-173
Xing W, Zhang H, Scheckel K G, et al. 2016. Heavy metal and metalloid concentrations in components of 25 wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties in the vicinity of lead smelters in Henan province, China[J]. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 188(1):1-10
Xue Z J, Liu S Q, Liu Y L, et al. 2012. Health risk assessment of heavy metals for edible parts of vegetables grown in sewage-irrigated soils in suburbs of Baoding City, China[J]. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 184(6):3503-3513
辛璐君, 齐学斌, 郭建青, 等. 2016. 单次污水灌溉后长期污灌土壤镉的垂向分布特征[J].中国生态农业学报, 24(2):235-243
熊孜. 2017. 河北农田土壤重金属污染特征及风险评估研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院. 22-25
杨朝晖. 2007. 污水利用对河北省粮食作物生长环境及品质影响研究[D]. 江苏:南京理工大学.1-6
Yadav R K, Minhas P S, Lal K, et al. 2015. Accumulation of metals in soils, groundwater and edible parts of crops grown under long-term irrigation with sewage mixed industrial effluents[J]. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 95(2):200-206
Zeng F, Ali S, Zhang H, et al. 2011. The influence of pH and organic matter content in paddy soil on heavy metal availability and their uptake by rice plants[J]. Environmental Pollution, 159(1):84-91
Zhang Y L, Dai J L, Wangab R Q. 2008. Effects of long-term sewage irrigation on agricultural soil microbial structural and functional characterizations in Shandong, China[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 44(1):84-91
Zhuang P, Lu H, Li Z, et al. 2014. Multiple Exposure and Effects Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Population near Mining Area in South China[J]. Plos One, 4(9):e94484
张会民, 徐明岗, 吕家珑,等. 2005. pH 对土壤及其组分吸附和解吸镉的影响研究进展[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 24(z1):320-324
张丽红, 徐慧珍, 于青春, 等. 2010. 河北清苑县及周边农田土壤及农作物中重金属污染状况与分析评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 29(11):2139-2146