基于水生态足迹模型的重庆市水资源可持续利用分析与评价
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摘要
【目的】探讨重庆市水资源的可持续发展前景。【方法】运用水生态足迹、万元GDP水生态足迹等模型分析了重庆市2003—2016年水生态足迹、水生态承载力及水资源开发利用状况。【结果】2003—2016年重庆市水生态足迹除个别年份有微弱下降外,总体呈上升趋势,变化范围为0.725 6～1.407 2亿hm~2,用水量主要集中在第一产业和第二产业,城乡居民生活污水是影响重庆市水质的主要来源;水生态承载力受降水影响大,变化范围为0.513 0～0.894 2亿hm~2,地区分布不平衡;万元GDP水生态足迹在2011年突升,总体呈下降趋势,水资源利用率在不断提高,但水资源的开发利用不合理,开发利用潜力大。【结论】基于水资源可持续开发利用,应加大对重庆市生活污水的处理率,优化产业结构,将发展重心移至第三产业,利用政策辅助,优化地区用水结构。
【Objective】Climate change results in frequent occurrence of extreme weather and improving sustainability in water resources use is hence essential to economic development. Taking Chongqing as an example, this paper analyzes how to use the ecological water footprint model to help improve sustainable water resources use.【Method】We used water ecological footprint of 10 000 Yuan GDP, analyzing the water ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and water resources utilization from 2003 to 2016 in Chongqing.【Result】On average,the water ecological footprint in Chongqing was improving despite occasional drop in a few individual years,changing from 72.56 million hm~2 to 140.72 million hm~2. Water consumption was mainly by primary and secondary industry, and sewage disposed from urban and rural areas was the main origin of water pollution. Water ecological carrying capacity was affected greatly by precipitation, changing from 51.30 million hm~2 to 89.42 million hm~2 and varying spatially. The ecological footprint of 10 000 Yuan GDP was in decline except a sudden drop in2011.Water resources utilization rate was in rise, although there is still room for improvement in development and utilization of water resources.【Conclusion】Sustainable development and utilization of water resources should focus on improving the treatment of domestic sewage. The industry should be reconstructed by shifting to tertiary industry. The regional water utilization should also be reconstructed assisted by policy changes.
【Objective】Climate change results in frequent occurrence of extreme weather and improving sustainability in water resources use is hence essential to economic development. Taking Chongqing as an example, this paper analyzes how to use the ecological water footprint model to help improve sustainable water resources use.【Method】We used water ecological footprint of 10 000 Yuan GDP, analyzing the water ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and water resources utilization from 2003 to 2016 in Chongqing.【Result】On average,the water ecological footprint in Chongqing was improving despite occasional drop in a few individual years,changing from 72.56 million hm~2 to 140.72 million hm~2. Water consumption was mainly by primary and secondary industry, and sewage disposed from urban and rural areas was the main origin of water pollution. Water ecological carrying capacity was affected greatly by precipitation, changing from 51.30 million hm~2 to 89.42 million hm~2 and varying spatially. The ecological footprint of 10 000 Yuan GDP was in decline except a sudden drop in2011.Water resources utilization rate was in rise, although there is still room for improvement in development and utilization of water resources.【Conclusion】Sustainable development and utilization of water resources should focus on improving the treatment of domestic sewage. The industry should be reconstructed by shifting to tertiary industry. The regional water utilization should also be reconstructed assisted by policy changes.
引文
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[2]李飞,宋玉祥,刘文新,等.生态足迹与生态承载力动态变化研究:以辽宁省为例[J].生态环境学报, 2010, 19(3):718-723.
[3]张义,张合平.基于生态系统服务的广西水生态足迹分析[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(13):4 111-4 124.
[4]于冰,徐琳瑜.城市水生态系统可持续发展评价:以大连市为例[J].资源科学, 2014, 36(12):2 578-2 583.
[5]张义,张合平,李丰生,等.基于改进模型的广西水资源生态足迹动态分析[J].资源科学, 2013, 35(8):1 601-1 610.
[6]段锦,康慕谊,江源.基于淡水资源账户和污染账户的生态足迹改进模型[J].自然资源学报, 2012, 27(6):953-963.
[7]龚久平,张伟,洪云菊,等.重庆市水资源承载力分析与可持续发展利用探讨[J].西南农业学报, 2011, 24(6):2 429-2 433.
[8]吕素冰,马钰其,冶金祥,等.中原城市群城市化与水资源利用量化关系研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2016, 35:(11)7-12.
[9]张月,杨华.重庆市近10年水资源承载力时空格局动态演变研究[J].安徽农业科学, 2012, 40(28):13 933-13 936.
[10]王文国,龚久平,青鹏,等.重庆市水资源生态足迹与生态承载力分析[J].生态经济, 2011(7):159-162.
[11]郭晓娜,苏维词,杨振华,等.城乡统筹背景下重庆市水生态足迹分析及预测[J].灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(2):69-75.
[12]胡彬,刘俊国,赵丹丹,等.基于水足迹理念的水资源短缺评价:以2022年冬奥会雪上项目举办地为例[J].灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(7):108-116.
[13]杨振华,苏维词,赵卫权,等.基于GRNN模型的岩溶地区城市水生态足迹分析与预测[J].中国岩溶, 2016, 35(1):36-42.
[14]黄林楠,张伟新,姜翠玲,等.水资源生态足迹计算方法[J].生态学报, 2008, 28(3):1 279-1 286.
[15]孟丽红,叶志平,袁素芬,等.江西省2007—2011年水资源生态足迹和生态承载力动态特征[J].水土保持通报, 2015, 35(1):256-261.
[16]封志明,刘登伟.京津冀地区水资源供需平衡及其水资源承载力[J].自然资源学报, 2006, 21(5):689-699.
[17]重庆市环保局.重庆市环境统计公报[R].重庆, 2011.
[18]重庆市环保局.重庆市环境统计公报[R].重庆, 2016.
[19]魏寿煜,谢世友.基于基尼系数和洛伦兹曲线的重庆市水资源空间匹配分析[J].中国农村水利水电, 2015(2):56-59, 73.
[20]王文国,何明雄,潘科,等.四川省水资源生态足迹与生态承载力的时空分析[J].自然资源学报, 2011, 26(9):1 555-1 565.
[21]常龙芳.云南省水资源生态足迹与生态承载力动态分析[J].云南地理环境研究, 2012, 24(5):106-110.