基于自动相机技术对西伯利亚狍(Capreolus pygargus)季节性换毛序的测定
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摘要
换毛是动物的物候现象,是了解动物适应季节更迭和环境的重要手段,受制于技术手段,野生动物的换毛序一直是动物学研究的难点。随着自动相机在野生动物监测的应用和普及,使基于自动相机影像数据对动物季节性换毛序的研究成为可能。本文以东北林区常见的西伯利亚狍为研究对象,基于自动相机监测技术,对不同地区狍春季和秋季换毛过程进行研究,分析狍季节性换毛的启动时间、换毛过程、节律、结束时间等,得出以下结果:在不同纬度地区,狍的换毛序基本一致。与较低纬度地区相比,狍在高纬度地区秋季换毛启动早,换毛持续的时间短;春季换毛启动晚,持续的时间长。
Molt is a phenological phenomenon of animals,and an important means to understand the adaptation of animals to seasonal changes in their environments. Due to the technical limitations,the sequence of molt among wild animals has been difficult to document in zoology research. With the application and popularization of camera-traps in wildlife monitoring,it is possible to study the seasonal molting schedule of animals based on the image data of camera-traps. We used camera-traps to study the molting process of Siberian roe deer in spring and autumn in different areas. We analyzed the time of onset of molt,the molting process,the sequency and the end time of seasonal molting with the following results. At different latitudes the molting sequence of roe deer is basically the same. Compared with lower latitudes,roe deer molt starts earlier and lasts for a shorter time period in autumn at high latitudes,and starts later and lasts longer in spring.
Molt is a phenological phenomenon of animals,and an important means to understand the adaptation of animals to seasonal changes in their environments. Due to the technical limitations,the sequence of molt among wild animals has been difficult to document in zoology research. With the application and popularization of camera-traps in wildlife monitoring,it is possible to study the seasonal molting schedule of animals based on the image data of camera-traps. We used camera-traps to study the molting process of Siberian roe deer in spring and autumn in different areas. We analyzed the time of onset of molt,the molting process,the sequency and the end time of seasonal molting with the following results. At different latitudes the molting sequence of roe deer is basically the same. Compared with lower latitudes,roe deer molt starts earlier and lasts for a shorter time period in autumn at high latitudes,and starts later and lasts longer in spring.
引文
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[2] ZIMOVA M,HACKL?NDER K,GOOD J M,et al.Function and underlying mechanisms of seasonal colour moulting in mammals and birds:what keeps them changing in a warming world?[J].Biological Reviews,2018,93(3):1478-1498.
[3] 顾佳音,刘辉,姜广顺.东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)个体识别技术研究进展[J].野生动物,2013,34(4):229-237;248.
[4] 李佳,刘芳,李迪强,等.基于红外相机监测分析的红腹角雉日活动节律[J].林业科学,2017,53(7):170-176.
[5] 郭洪兴,程林,程松林,等.基于红外相机视频的猪獾交配行为观察[J].兽类学报,2019,39(3):344-346.
[6] 张建,孟晋,赵必权,等.消费级近红外相机的水稻叶片叶绿素(SPAD)分布预测[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2018,38(3):737-744.
[7] BURNS P A,PARROTT M L,ROWE K C,et al.Identification of threatened rodent species using infrared and white-flash camera traps[J].Australian Mammalogy,2018,40(2):188-197.
[8] NOROUZZADEH M S,NGUYEN A,KOSMALA M,et al.Automatically identifying,counting,and describing wild animals in camera-trap images with deep learning[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2018,115(25):E5716-E5725.
[9] MENDOZA E,MARTINEAU P R,BRENNER E,et al.A novel method to improve individual animal identification based on camera-trapping data[J].The Journal of Wildlife Management,2011,75(4):973-979.
[10] 张鹏.基于自动相机技术的兽类监测及狍栖息地选择研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.
[11] 盛和林,曹克清,李文军.中国鹿类动物[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1992.
[12] MILLS L S,ZIMOVA M,OYLER J,et al.Camouflage mismatch in seasonal coat color due to decreased snow duration[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2013,110(18):7360-7365.
[13] 顾丽雅.人工圈养紫貂(Martes Zibellina)换毛序的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2016.
[14] WINGATE L,OGéE J,CREMONESE E,et al.Interpreting canopy development and physiology using the EUROPhen camera network at flux sites[J].Biogeosciences Discussions,2015,12:7979-8034.
[15] MELAAS E K,FRIEDL M A,RICHARDSON A D.Multiscale modeling of spring phenology across Deciduous Forests in the Eastern United States[J].Global Change Biology,2016,22(2):792-805.
[16] TOOMEY M,FRIEDL M A,FROLKING S,et al.Greenness indices from digital cameras predict the timing and seasonal dynamics of canopy-scale photosynthesis[J].Ecological Applications,2015,25(1):99-115.
[17] 李晟,王大军,肖治术,等.红外相机技术在我国野生动物研究与保护中的应用与前景[J].生物多样性,2014,22(6):685-695.
[18] 肖治术,李欣海,姜广顺.红外相机技术在我国野生动物监测研究中的应用[J].生物多样性,2014,22(6):683-684.