苗期紫花苜蓿株体对不同地区垂穗披碱草种子萌发生长的化感作用
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摘要
以发芽率、苗长、根长、苗干重、根干重变化为种子萌发和幼苗生长参数,研究苗期紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)植株浸提液对不同地区垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)种子萌发生长的化感作用。结果表明:地上部浸提液对LS、DX垂穗披碱草种子发芽率具有明显的促进作用,而对GS、KMX、LKZ、LZ地区垂穗披碱草种子发芽率均表现为抑制作用,其中对GS垂穗披碱草种子发芽率的抑制作用最强,在14.5%和5.5%浓度处理时抑制率分别为57.89%、55.26%;苗长方面,浸提液5.5%浓度对垂穗披碱草苗长的抑制率顺序为:LZ>NQ>DX>LS>KMX>QH>GS>LKZ,14.5%处理时抑制率顺序为:LZ>KMX>LKZ>NQ>GS>QH>DX>LS,其中抑制率最高的为LZ垂穗披碱草,在14.5%和5.5%浓度处理时抑制率分别为33.03%、28.97%;根长方面,5.5%处理对垂穗披碱草根长的抑制率顺序为:QH>NQ>LZ>KMX、GS>LKZ>DX、LS,14.5%处理时抑制率顺序为:GS>QH、NQ>LZ>LS>KMX>DX>LKZ,其中在高浓度下抑制率最高的为GS垂穗披碱草,抑制率为57.69%;地上部浸提液对LKZ、LZ垂穗披碱草苗干重均具有促进作用,高浓度浸提液对NQ垂穗披碱草苗干重产生促进作用(RI>0),而对KMX、DX垂穗披碱草苗干重均表现为抑制作用;根干重方面,浸提液对LS、QH、GS、NQ、LKZ垂穗披碱草根干重均有明显的抑制作用,而对KMX、DX垂穗披碱草根干重产生促进作用,高浓度浸提液对LZ垂穗披碱草的根干重产生促进作用。从根浸提液的作用来看,根浸提液除对LS、DX垂穗披碱草种子发芽率和根干重、GS垂穗披碱草种子发芽率和苗干重及NQ垂穗披碱草根干重具有促进作用外(P> 0.05),对其余地区垂穗披碱草的各项指标均有明显的抑制作用(RI<0)。所有以上结果表明,紫花苜蓿植株浸提液对垂穗披碱草种子萌发生长的作用具有一定的浓度效应。不同地区垂穗披碱草对紫花苜蓿地上部浸提液的敏感性趋势总体为:GS>QH>LS>KMX>NQ>LKZ>LZ,最不敏感或有促进作用的是DX垂穗披碱草;对根浸提液的敏感性趋势总体为:QH>NQ>LZ>KMX,根浸提液对LS、GS、LKZ、DX垂穗披碱草种子萌发生长具有促进作用。紫花苜蓿植株不同部位浸提液对垂穗披碱草种子萌发生长的化感效应顺序为:地上部>根。
The allelopathic effects of water extracts from alfalfa(Medicago sativa) in the seedling stage on seed germination and growth of Elymus nutans in different areas were examined in the laboratory based on seed germination rate, seedling length, root length, and dry weight of seedlings and roots. The results showed that the seed germination rate of Elymus nutans in LS(Lhasa) and DX(Damxung County) was significantly promoted by water extracts from the aboveground alfalfa, but that of those in GS(Gansu), KMX(Kangma County), LKZ(Nagarzê County), and LZ(Nyingchi County) was inhibited, and Elymus nutans in GS was the most inhibited, with suppression rates of 57.89% and 55.26% at concentrations of 14.5% and 5.5%, respectively. At the concentration of 5.5%, the seedling length of Elymus nutans in LZ was the most inhibited with the suppression rate of 33.03%, followed successively by those in NQ(Nagqu region), DX, LS, KMX, QH(Qinghai), GS, and LKZ. At the concentration of 14.5%, the seedling length of Elymus nutans in LZ was nearly the most inhibited with the suppression rate of 28.97%, followed successively by those in KMX, LKZ, NQ, GS, QH, DX, and LS. At the concentration of 5.5%, the root length of Elymus nutans in QH had the strongest inhibition, followed by those in the order of NQ>LZ>KMX, GS>LKZ>DX, LS. At the concentration of 14.5%, the root length of Elymus nutans in GS had the strongest inhibition with the suppression rate of 57.69%, followed successively by those in the order of QH, NQ>LZ>LS>KMX>DX>LKZ. The dry weight of seedlings of Elymus nutans in LKX and LZ increased by the aboveground water extracts, whereas that of those in KMX and DX decreased and the dry weight of seedlings of Elymus nutans in NQ was only increased at high concentrations(RI>0). The dry weight of roots of Elymus nutans in LS, QH, GS, NQ, and LKZ was decreased by the aboveground water extracts, whereas that of those in KMX and DX was increased and the dry weight of roots of Elymus nutans in LZ was only increased at high concentrations. Seed germination rate, seedling length, root length, and dry weight of seedlings and roots of Elymus nutans in most areas were significantly inhibited(RI < 0) by water extracts from the root of alfalfa, except for seed germination and dry weight of roots of Elymus nutans in LS and DX. Seed germination and dry weight of seedlings of that in GS and the dry weight of roots of that in NQ were significantly promoted(P>0.05). All the above results showed that the sensitivity of Elymus nutans in different areas to the allelopathic effects of the aboveground alfalfa in the seedling stage is in the order of GS>QH>LS>KMX>NQ>LKZ>LZ>DX from the highest to the lowest allelopathic sensitivity. The allelopathic sensitivity to the root of the alfalfa is in the order of QH>NQ>LZ>KMX>LS,from the highest to the lowest. The allelopathic sensitivity of Elymus nutans in different areas to water extracts from the aboveground alfalfa is higher than that from the root of alfalfa.
The allelopathic effects of water extracts from alfalfa(Medicago sativa) in the seedling stage on seed germination and growth of Elymus nutans in different areas were examined in the laboratory based on seed germination rate, seedling length, root length, and dry weight of seedlings and roots. The results showed that the seed germination rate of Elymus nutans in LS(Lhasa) and DX(Damxung County) was significantly promoted by water extracts from the aboveground alfalfa, but that of those in GS(Gansu), KMX(Kangma County), LKZ(Nagarzê County), and LZ(Nyingchi County) was inhibited, and Elymus nutans in GS was the most inhibited, with suppression rates of 57.89% and 55.26% at concentrations of 14.5% and 5.5%, respectively. At the concentration of 5.5%, the seedling length of Elymus nutans in LZ was the most inhibited with the suppression rate of 33.03%, followed successively by those in NQ(Nagqu region), DX, LS, KMX, QH(Qinghai), GS, and LKZ. At the concentration of 14.5%, the seedling length of Elymus nutans in LZ was nearly the most inhibited with the suppression rate of 28.97%, followed successively by those in KMX, LKZ, NQ, GS, QH, DX, and LS. At the concentration of 5.5%, the root length of Elymus nutans in QH had the strongest inhibition, followed by those in the order of NQ>LZ>KMX, GS>LKZ>DX, LS. At the concentration of 14.5%, the root length of Elymus nutans in GS had the strongest inhibition with the suppression rate of 57.69%, followed successively by those in the order of QH, NQ>LZ>LS>KMX>DX>LKZ. The dry weight of seedlings of Elymus nutans in LKX and LZ increased by the aboveground water extracts, whereas that of those in KMX and DX decreased and the dry weight of seedlings of Elymus nutans in NQ was only increased at high concentrations(RI>0). The dry weight of roots of Elymus nutans in LS, QH, GS, NQ, and LKZ was decreased by the aboveground water extracts, whereas that of those in KMX and DX was increased and the dry weight of roots of Elymus nutans in LZ was only increased at high concentrations. Seed germination rate, seedling length, root length, and dry weight of seedlings and roots of Elymus nutans in most areas were significantly inhibited(RI < 0) by water extracts from the root of alfalfa, except for seed germination and dry weight of roots of Elymus nutans in LS and DX. Seed germination and dry weight of seedlings of that in GS and the dry weight of roots of that in NQ were significantly promoted(P>0.05). All the above results showed that the sensitivity of Elymus nutans in different areas to the allelopathic effects of the aboveground alfalfa in the seedling stage is in the order of GS>QH>LS>KMX>NQ>LKZ>LZ>DX from the highest to the lowest allelopathic sensitivity. The allelopathic sensitivity to the root of the alfalfa is in the order of QH>NQ>LZ>KMX>LS,from the highest to the lowest. The allelopathic sensitivity of Elymus nutans in different areas to water extracts from the aboveground alfalfa is higher than that from the root of alfalfa.
引文
[1] 张卫国, 江小蕾, 王树茂, 杨振宇. 鼢鼠的造丘活动及不同休牧方式对草地植被生产力的影响. 西北植物学报, 2004, 24(10): 1882-1887.
[2] 卢宝荣. 披碱草属与大麦属系统关系的研究. 植物分类学报, 1997, 35(3):193-207.
[3] 陆光平, 聂斌. 垂穗披碱草利用价值评价. 草业科学,2002,19(9):13-15.
[4] 鱼小军, 师尚礼, 龙瑞军, 王芳, 陈本建. 生态条件对种子萌发影响研究进展. 草业科学, 2006, 23(10): 44-49.
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[6] 葛庆征, 张卫国, 张灵菲, 卫万荣. 温度对垂穗披碱草种子萌发的影响. 草业科学, 2012, 29(5):759-767.
[7] 马银山, 杜国祯, 张世挺. 光照强度和肥力变化对垂穗披碱草生长的影响. 生态学报, 2014,34(14): 3908-3916.
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[9] 王希, 沈禹颖, 高崇岳, 韩方虎, 周少平. 异龄苜蓿水浸液对其种子萌发的自毒效应. 草地学报,2008,16(6): 609-612.
[10] 李志华, 沈益新, 倪建华, 赵玲玲. 豆科牧草化感作用初探. 草业科学, 2002, 19(8): 28-31.
[11] 邬彩霞, 沈益新, 李志华. 豆科牧草对多花黑麦草化感作用的种间差异. 中国草地, 2005, 27(6): 39-43.
[12] 刘迎, 王金信, 胡燕, 董晓雯, 张猛. 白三叶草对苘麻和稗草的化感作用. 植物保护学报, 2006, 33(4): 433-436.
[13] 王玉芬. 苜蓿与不同禾本科牧草间混作增产效应[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2005.
[14] 李治强. 紫花苜蓿与垂穗披碱草混播防治褐斑病试验. 草业科学, 2009, 26(10): 177-180.
[15] 张永亮, 范富, 高凯, 冯静, 苏娜. 苜蓿、无芒雀麦单播与混播对土壤有机质和速效养分的影响. 草地学报, 2009, 17(1): 22-26.
[16] 魏学红, 苗彦军, 李鹏伟, 田广华. 甘肃红豆草在西藏林芝地区的适应性研究. 草业科学, 2001, 18(4): 27-29.
[17] 聂呈荣, 曾任森, 黎华, 李梅. 三裂叶蟛蜞菊对菜心化感作用的生理机理. 华南农业大学学报: 自然科学版, 2003, 24(4): 106-107.
[18] 董晓宁, 高承芳, 李文杨, 张晓佩. 不同品种紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)的化感效应研究. 中国农业通报, 2009, 25(19): 95-99.
[19] 袁航, 侯扶江. 黄土高原3种建群种植物枯落物对苜蓿幼苗生长的化感作用. 草业科学, 2010, 27(6): 20-24.
[20] Williamson G B, Richardson D. Bioassays for allelopathy: measuring treatment responses with independent controls. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1988, 14(1): 181-187.
[21] 沈慧敏, 郭鸿儒, 黄高宝. 不同植物对小麦、黄瓜和萝卜幼苗化感作用潜力的初步评价. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(4): 740-743.
[22] 张茂新, 凌冰, 孔垂华, 赵辉, 庞雄飞. 薇甘菊挥发油的化感潜力. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(10): 1300-1302.
[23] 姬志强, 王金梅, 孙磊. 河南产珍珠梅花蕾和花的挥发性成分研究. 河南大学学报: 医学版, 2008, 27(5): 17-20.
[24] 李志华, 沈益新. 红三叶茎叶对几种牧草种子及幼苗的化感作用. 中国草地, 2005, 27(3): 41-43, 48-48.
[25] 朱旺生, 沈益新. 白三叶和高羊茅不同品种对萝卜幼苗的化感作用. 南京农业大学学报, 2004, 27(1): 28-31.
[26] Xuan T D, Tsuzuki E. Varietal differences in allelopathic potential of alfalfa. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2002, 188(1): 2-7.
[27] 袁莉. 苜蓿自毒性特征及其对农作物的他感影响[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2008.
[2] 卢宝荣. 披碱草属与大麦属系统关系的研究. 植物分类学报, 1997, 35(3):193-207.
[3] 陆光平, 聂斌. 垂穗披碱草利用价值评价. 草业科学,2002,19(9):13-15.
[4] 鱼小军, 师尚礼, 龙瑞军, 王芳, 陈本建. 生态条件对种子萌发影响研究进展. 草业科学, 2006, 23(10): 44-49.
[5] 乔安海, 韩建国. 垂穗披碱草种子成熟过程中活力变化及适宜收获期研究. 安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(22):11847-11850.
[6] 葛庆征, 张卫国, 张灵菲, 卫万荣. 温度对垂穗披碱草种子萌发的影响. 草业科学, 2012, 29(5):759-767.
[7] 马银山, 杜国祯, 张世挺. 光照强度和肥力变化对垂穗披碱草生长的影响. 生态学报, 2014,34(14): 3908-3916.
[8] Melton R R, Default R J. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertility regimes affect tomato transplant growth. HortScience,1991, 26(2):141-142.
[9] 王希, 沈禹颖, 高崇岳, 韩方虎, 周少平. 异龄苜蓿水浸液对其种子萌发的自毒效应. 草地学报,2008,16(6): 609-612.
[10] 李志华, 沈益新, 倪建华, 赵玲玲. 豆科牧草化感作用初探. 草业科学, 2002, 19(8): 28-31.
[11] 邬彩霞, 沈益新, 李志华. 豆科牧草对多花黑麦草化感作用的种间差异. 中国草地, 2005, 27(6): 39-43.
[12] 刘迎, 王金信, 胡燕, 董晓雯, 张猛. 白三叶草对苘麻和稗草的化感作用. 植物保护学报, 2006, 33(4): 433-436.
[13] 王玉芬. 苜蓿与不同禾本科牧草间混作增产效应[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2005.
[14] 李治强. 紫花苜蓿与垂穗披碱草混播防治褐斑病试验. 草业科学, 2009, 26(10): 177-180.
[15] 张永亮, 范富, 高凯, 冯静, 苏娜. 苜蓿、无芒雀麦单播与混播对土壤有机质和速效养分的影响. 草地学报, 2009, 17(1): 22-26.
[16] 魏学红, 苗彦军, 李鹏伟, 田广华. 甘肃红豆草在西藏林芝地区的适应性研究. 草业科学, 2001, 18(4): 27-29.
[17] 聂呈荣, 曾任森, 黎华, 李梅. 三裂叶蟛蜞菊对菜心化感作用的生理机理. 华南农业大学学报: 自然科学版, 2003, 24(4): 106-107.
[18] 董晓宁, 高承芳, 李文杨, 张晓佩. 不同品种紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)的化感效应研究. 中国农业通报, 2009, 25(19): 95-99.
[19] 袁航, 侯扶江. 黄土高原3种建群种植物枯落物对苜蓿幼苗生长的化感作用. 草业科学, 2010, 27(6): 20-24.
[20] Williamson G B, Richardson D. Bioassays for allelopathy: measuring treatment responses with independent controls. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1988, 14(1): 181-187.
[21] 沈慧敏, 郭鸿儒, 黄高宝. 不同植物对小麦、黄瓜和萝卜幼苗化感作用潜力的初步评价. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(4): 740-743.
[22] 张茂新, 凌冰, 孔垂华, 赵辉, 庞雄飞. 薇甘菊挥发油的化感潜力. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(10): 1300-1302.
[23] 姬志强, 王金梅, 孙磊. 河南产珍珠梅花蕾和花的挥发性成分研究. 河南大学学报: 医学版, 2008, 27(5): 17-20.
[24] 李志华, 沈益新. 红三叶茎叶对几种牧草种子及幼苗的化感作用. 中国草地, 2005, 27(3): 41-43, 48-48.
[25] 朱旺生, 沈益新. 白三叶和高羊茅不同品种对萝卜幼苗的化感作用. 南京农业大学学报, 2004, 27(1): 28-31.
[26] Xuan T D, Tsuzuki E. Varietal differences in allelopathic potential of alfalfa. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2002, 188(1): 2-7.
[27] 袁莉. 苜蓿自毒性特征及其对农作物的他感影响[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2008.