不同作物对土壤中Cd的富集特征及低累积品种筛选
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摘要
为探究镉(Cd)污染土壤中农作物的食用安全性,以上海市常见农作物(青椒、黄瓜、豇豆、菠菜、花菜、西红柿、水稻和小麦)为实验材料,采用温室盆栽土培实验方法研究了不同土壤Cd含量梯级(0. 23、0. 6、1. 2、1. 8、2. 4和3. 0 mg·kg-1)下不同作物生物量变化以及可食部分Cd富集特征,建立不同种类作物与土壤Cd含量相关关系,探讨不同作物对应的土壤Cd安全限量值,筛选Cd低累积作物品种.结果表明:①随着土壤中Cd含量增加,作物地上生物量表现为先增加后减少,青椒耐受性最强,西红柿、菠菜耐受性最差.②不同作物可食部位Cd的富集系数由大到小依次为小麦>菠菜>水稻>青椒>花菜>西红柿>黄瓜>豇豆.③作物可食部分Cd含量与土壤中Cd含量都呈显著正相关(P <0. 05),相关系数大小依次为菠菜>小麦>西红柿>黄瓜>青椒>水稻>花菜>豇豆.④不同作物对应的土壤Cd安全限量值大小依次为:豇豆>黄瓜>花菜>青椒>西红柿>水稻>菠菜>小麦.依据作物对土壤中Cd的耐受性、富集能力及食用安全限量值,筛选出黄瓜、豇豆、花菜为Cd低累积品种.
Pot-culture experiments were carried out in Shanghai to screen crop varieties with low bioaccumulation properties with respect to cadmium( Cd). Eight common crops,such as green pepper,cucumber,cowpea,spinach,cauliflower,tomatoes,rice,and wheat,were planted in contaminated soil with different Cd concentrations of 0. 23,0. 6,1. 2,1. 8,2. 4,and 3. 0 mg·kg-1 to investigate the effects on biomass,Cd accumulation characteristics,and edible risk safety. The results indicated that: ① With the increase in soil Cd content,the aboveground biomass of crops increased firstly and then decreased. The different crop types had different tolerance to Cd,with green pepper showed the strongest tolerance and spinach and tomato showed the least tolerance. ② The bioaccumulation factor of Cd in the edible parts of eight crops ranged in order of wheat > spinach > rice > green pepper > cauliflower >tomato > cucumber > cowpea. ③ Total Cd content in soil was significantly correlated with Cd content in the crops( P < 0. 05),and the order of the correlation coefficients was spinach > wheat > tomato > cucumber > green pepper > rice > cauliflower > cowpea. ④ The risk threshold value of Cd in soil based on the edible safety of different crops ranged in order of cowpea > cucumber > cauliflower > green pepper > tomato > rice > spinach > wheat. Cucumber,cowpea,and cauliflower were selected as the low-Cd-accumulating varieties according to their tolerance to soil Cd,bioaccumulation capacity,and edible risk threshold values.
Pot-culture experiments were carried out in Shanghai to screen crop varieties with low bioaccumulation properties with respect to cadmium( Cd). Eight common crops,such as green pepper,cucumber,cowpea,spinach,cauliflower,tomatoes,rice,and wheat,were planted in contaminated soil with different Cd concentrations of 0. 23,0. 6,1. 2,1. 8,2. 4,and 3. 0 mg·kg-1 to investigate the effects on biomass,Cd accumulation characteristics,and edible risk safety. The results indicated that: ① With the increase in soil Cd content,the aboveground biomass of crops increased firstly and then decreased. The different crop types had different tolerance to Cd,with green pepper showed the strongest tolerance and spinach and tomato showed the least tolerance. ② The bioaccumulation factor of Cd in the edible parts of eight crops ranged in order of wheat > spinach > rice > green pepper > cauliflower >tomato > cucumber > cowpea. ③ Total Cd content in soil was significantly correlated with Cd content in the crops( P < 0. 05),and the order of the correlation coefficients was spinach > wheat > tomato > cucumber > green pepper > rice > cauliflower > cowpea. ④ The risk threshold value of Cd in soil based on the edible safety of different crops ranged in order of cowpea > cucumber > cauliflower > green pepper > tomato > rice > spinach > wheat. Cucumber,cowpea,and cauliflower were selected as the low-Cd-accumulating varieties according to their tolerance to soil Cd,bioaccumulation capacity,and edible risk threshold values.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国环境保护部,中华人民共和国国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[EB/OL]. http://www. gov. cn/foot/2014-04/17/content_2661768. htm,2014-04-17.
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[15] Shi G R,Su G Q,Lu Z W,et al. Relationship between biomass,seed components and seed Cd concentration in various peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)cultivars grown on Cdcontaminated soils[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2014,110:174-181.
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[21] HJ 804-2016,土壤8种有效态元素的测定二乙烯三胺五乙酸浸提-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法[S].
[22] GB 5009. 268-2016,食品安全国家标准食品中多元素的测定[S].
[23] Zeng G M,Liang J,Guo S L,et al. Spatial analysis of human health risk associated with ingesting manganese in Huangxing Town,Middle China[J]. Chemosphere,2009,77(3):368-375.
[24] Khan M U,Malik R N,Muhammad S. Human health risk from heavy metal via food crops consumption with wastewater irrigation practices in Pakistan[J]. Chemosphere,2013,93(10):2230-2238.
[25]郑娜,王起超,郑冬梅.基于THQ的锌冶炼厂周围人群食用蔬菜的健康风险分析[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(4):672-678.Zheng N,Wang Q C,Zheng D M. Health risk assessment of heavy metals to residents by consuming vegetable irrigated around zinc smelting plant based THQ[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2007,27(4):672-678.
[26] USEPA(US Environmental Protection Agency). Integrated Risk Information System:Manganese(CASRN 7439-96-5).[EB/OL]. https://cfpub. epa. gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/subst/0373_summary. pdf,2008-06-08.
[27]杨居荣,贺建群,黄翌,等.农作物Cd耐性的种内和种间差异Ⅱ.种内差[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(S1):132-136.Yang J R,He J Q,Huang Y,et al. Inter and intraspecific differences of crops cadmium toleranceⅡ. Intraspecific difference[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1995,6(S1):132-136.
[28]赵勇,李红娟,孙治强.土壤、蔬菜Cd污染相关性分析与土壤污染阈限值研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(7):149-153.Zhao Y,Li H J,Sun Z Q. Correlation analysis of Cd pollution in vegetables and soils and the soil pollution threshold[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(7):149-153.
[29]宗良纲,孙静克,沈倩宇,等. Cd、Pb污染对几种叶类蔬菜生长的影响及其毒害症状[J].生态毒理学报,2007,2(1):63-68.Zong L G,Sun J K,Shen Q Y,et al. Impacts of cadmium and lead pollution in soil on leaf vegetables growth and toxicsymptoms[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2007,2(1):63-68.
[30] Zu Y Q,Li Y,Schvartz C,et al. Accumulation of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in plants and hyperaccumulator choice in Lanping leadzinc mine area,China[J]. Environment International,2004,30(4):567-576.
[31] Salt D E, Blaylock M, Kumar N P B A, et al.Phytoremediation:a novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants[J]. Bio/Technology,1995,13(5):468-474.
[32]杨晖,梁巧玲,赵鹂,等. 7种蔬菜型作物重金属积累效应及间作鸡眼草对其重金属吸收的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):209-214.Yang H,Liang Q L,Zhao P,et al. The cumulative effect on heavy metal of seven kinds of vegetable crops and effects on heavy metal absorption of intercropping Kummerowia striata[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(6):209-214.
[33]贾超华,颜新培,龚昕,等.镉超标耕地蔬菜重金属污染调查与健康风险评价[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(5):106-112.Jia C H, Yan X P, Gong X, et al. Heavy-metal pollution investigation and health risk assessment for vegetables in cadmium exceeded cultivated land[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(5):106-112.
[34]陈勇.水稻、小麦籽实与土壤Cd含量关系研究及安全利用评价———以X镇为例[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2017.Chen Y. The study on soil rice and wheat seeds in Cd the relationship between dose effect and safe use evaluation in southern XX town as an example[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2017.
[35] He B Y,Ling L,Zhang L Y,et al. Cultivar-specific differences in heavy metal(Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,and Zn)concentrations in water spinach(Ipomoea aquatic ‘Forsk')grown on metalcontaminated soil[J]. Plant and Soil,2015,386(1-2):251-262.
[36]陈惠君,谭玲,李取生,等. Cr/Pb低累积菜心品种筛选及其根际机理研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(7):1249-1256.Chen H J,Tan L,Li Q S,et al. Screening and preliminary rhizosphere mechanisms of low Cr/Pb accumulation cultivars of Chinese flowering cabbages(Brassica parachinensis L.)[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(7):1249-1256.
[2]杜丽娜,余若祯,王海燕,等.重金属镉污染及其毒性研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(2):167-174.
[3] Silvera S A N,Rohan T E. Trace elements and cancer risk:a review of the epidemiologic evidence[J]. Cancer Causes&Control,2007,18(1):7-27.
[4] Rafiq M T,Aziz R,Yang X E,et al. Cadmium phytoavailability to rice(Oryza sativa L.)grown in representative Chinese soils.A model to improve soil environmental quality guidelines for food safety[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2014,103:101-107.
[5] Vinceti M,Venturelli M,Sighinolfi C,et al. Case-control study of toenail cadmium and prostate cancer risk in Italy[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2007,373(1):77-81.
[6]张晓娜,朴春兰,董友魁,等.大豆根系应答重金属Cd胁迫的转录组分析[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(5):1633-1641.Zhang X N,Piao C L,Dong Y K,et al. Transcriptome analysis of response to heavy metal Cd stress in soybean root[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(5):1633-1641.
[7]吴健,王敏,张辉鹏,等.复垦工业场地土壤和周边河道沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险[J].环境科学,2018,39(12):5620-5627.Wu J,Wang M,Zhang H P,et al. Heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk of soil from reclaimed industrial sites and surrounding river sediments[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(12):5620-5627.
[8]沈欣,朱奇宏,朱捍华,等.农艺调控措施对水稻镉积累的影响及其机理研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(8):1449-1454.Shen X,Zhu Q H,Zhu H H,et al. Effects of agronomic measures on accumulation of Cd in rice[J]. Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2015,34(8):1499-1454.
[9]中国法制出版社.中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法(含草案说明)[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2018. 19.
[10]王国庆,林玉锁.结合《土壤污染防治行动计划》探讨中国土壤环境监管制度与标准值体系建设[J].中国环境管理,2016,8(5):39-43.Wang G Q,Lin Y S. A preliminary study on development of soil environmental management and environmental standards system in china in accordance with the SPPCAP[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Management,2016,8(5):39-43.
[11] Li Y M,Chaney R L,Schneiter A A,et al. Genotype variation in kernel cadmium concentration in sunflower germplasm under varying soil conditions[J]. Crop Science,1995,35(1):137-141.
[12]蔡秋玲,林大松,王果,等.不同类型水稻镉富集与转运能力的差异分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(6):1028-1033.Cai Q L,Lin D S,Wang G,et al. Differences in cadmium accumulation and transfer capacity among different types of rice cultivars[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(6):1028-1033.
[13]杜彩艳,张乃明,雷宝坤,等.不同玉米(Zea mays)品种对镉锌积累与转运的差异研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(1):16-23.Du C Y,Zhang N M,Lei B K,et al. Differences of cadmium and zinc accumulation and translocation in different varieties of Zea mays[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(1):16-23.
[14] Xin J L,Huang B F,Liu A Q,et al. Identification of hot pepper cultivars containing low Cd levels after growing on contaminated soil:uptake and redistribution to the edible plant parts[J]. Plant and Soil,2013,373(1-2):415-425.
[15] Shi G R,Su G Q,Lu Z W,et al. Relationship between biomass,seed components and seed Cd concentration in various peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)cultivars grown on Cdcontaminated soils[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2014,110:174-181.
[16] Xin J L,Dai H W,Huang B F. Assessing the roles of roots and shoots in the accumulation of cadmium in two sweet potato cultivars using split-root and reciprocal grafting systems[J].Plant and Soil,2017,412(1-2):413-424.
[17] Dai Z Y,Shu W S,Liao B,et al. Intraspecific variation in cadmium tolerance and accumulation of a high-biomass tropical tree Averrhoa carambola L.:Implication for phytoextraction[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,2011,13(6):1723-1729.
[18]肖蓉,聂园军,曹秋芬,等.中、轻度重金属污染农田的特征及治理[J].中国农学通报,2017,34(33):101-106.Xiao R,Nie Y J,Cao Q F,et al. Farmland contaminated by moderate and mild heavy metal pollution:characteristics and abatement strategies[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,34(33):101-106.
[19]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000. 205-226.
[20] GB/T 17141-1997,土壤质量铅、镉的测定石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法[S].
[21] HJ 804-2016,土壤8种有效态元素的测定二乙烯三胺五乙酸浸提-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法[S].
[22] GB 5009. 268-2016,食品安全国家标准食品中多元素的测定[S].
[23] Zeng G M,Liang J,Guo S L,et al. Spatial analysis of human health risk associated with ingesting manganese in Huangxing Town,Middle China[J]. Chemosphere,2009,77(3):368-375.
[24] Khan M U,Malik R N,Muhammad S. Human health risk from heavy metal via food crops consumption with wastewater irrigation practices in Pakistan[J]. Chemosphere,2013,93(10):2230-2238.
[25]郑娜,王起超,郑冬梅.基于THQ的锌冶炼厂周围人群食用蔬菜的健康风险分析[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(4):672-678.Zheng N,Wang Q C,Zheng D M. Health risk assessment of heavy metals to residents by consuming vegetable irrigated around zinc smelting plant based THQ[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2007,27(4):672-678.
[26] USEPA(US Environmental Protection Agency). Integrated Risk Information System:Manganese(CASRN 7439-96-5).[EB/OL]. https://cfpub. epa. gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/subst/0373_summary. pdf,2008-06-08.
[27]杨居荣,贺建群,黄翌,等.农作物Cd耐性的种内和种间差异Ⅱ.种内差[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(S1):132-136.Yang J R,He J Q,Huang Y,et al. Inter and intraspecific differences of crops cadmium toleranceⅡ. Intraspecific difference[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1995,6(S1):132-136.
[28]赵勇,李红娟,孙治强.土壤、蔬菜Cd污染相关性分析与土壤污染阈限值研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(7):149-153.Zhao Y,Li H J,Sun Z Q. Correlation analysis of Cd pollution in vegetables and soils and the soil pollution threshold[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(7):149-153.
[29]宗良纲,孙静克,沈倩宇,等. Cd、Pb污染对几种叶类蔬菜生长的影响及其毒害症状[J].生态毒理学报,2007,2(1):63-68.Zong L G,Sun J K,Shen Q Y,et al. Impacts of cadmium and lead pollution in soil on leaf vegetables growth and toxicsymptoms[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2007,2(1):63-68.
[30] Zu Y Q,Li Y,Schvartz C,et al. Accumulation of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in plants and hyperaccumulator choice in Lanping leadzinc mine area,China[J]. Environment International,2004,30(4):567-576.
[31] Salt D E, Blaylock M, Kumar N P B A, et al.Phytoremediation:a novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants[J]. Bio/Technology,1995,13(5):468-474.
[32]杨晖,梁巧玲,赵鹂,等. 7种蔬菜型作物重金属积累效应及间作鸡眼草对其重金属吸收的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):209-214.Yang H,Liang Q L,Zhao P,et al. The cumulative effect on heavy metal of seven kinds of vegetable crops and effects on heavy metal absorption of intercropping Kummerowia striata[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(6):209-214.
[33]贾超华,颜新培,龚昕,等.镉超标耕地蔬菜重金属污染调查与健康风险评价[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(5):106-112.Jia C H, Yan X P, Gong X, et al. Heavy-metal pollution investigation and health risk assessment for vegetables in cadmium exceeded cultivated land[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(5):106-112.
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[35] He B Y,Ling L,Zhang L Y,et al. Cultivar-specific differences in heavy metal(Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,and Zn)concentrations in water spinach(Ipomoea aquatic ‘Forsk')grown on metalcontaminated soil[J]. Plant and Soil,2015,386(1-2):251-262.
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