适应机械收获的宿根甘蔗不同种植行距研究
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摘要
【目的】研究甘蔗宽行距种植与当地常规行距(1.0 m)种植对宿根蔗产量和品质的影响效应以及不同品种对不同行距的适应性,探索适应不同收获机型的甘蔗品种和甘蔗宽行距宿根管理技术,为甘蔗机械收获的大面积推广提供依据。【方法】在新植蔗种植行距试验的基础上,留宿根观察,以桂糖29号、福农39号和粤糖60号3个优良品种为供试甘蔗品种,设3种种植行距(1.0、1.2、1.4 m),对其在3种种植行距下农艺性状进行研究。【结果】种植行距1.4 m处理,桂糖29号每667 m2含糖量734 kg,比对照增产26.99%,粤糖60号宽行种植处理与对照接近;桂糖29号和粤糖60号在宽行距种植下其农艺性状、产量性状综合表现均优于对照,对宽行种植具有良好的适应性。【结论】福农39号在宽行距种植上不具有优势,不适宜进行中大型机器种植管理;桂糖29号对宽行距种植具有良好的适应性,生产上可采用1.4 m行距作为适宜机械化全程种植管理的最佳行距;粤糖60号对宽行种植也具有良好的适应性,生产上可采用1.4 m行距作为机械化全程种植的最佳行距。
【Objective】The research was to investigate the effect of sugarcane wide row planting and local conventional planting distance(1.0 m) on the yield and quality of ratoon sugarcane and the adaptability of different varieties to different row spacing, explore the sugarcane varieties adapted to different harvesting machinery and sugarcane ratoon wide row distance management technology, and provide a basis for the wide spread of sugarcane mechanical harvesting. 【Method】 The test was conducted based on a test of different sugarcane planting intervals in a year. In the second year, live roots were observed in this experiment A test for newly planted sugarcane at different row spacing was conducted, leaving ratoon for observation. Three good varieties including GT 29, FN 39, and YT 60 were used as tested sugarcane varieties, and three different row distances(1.0,1.2,1.4 m) were designed to study their agronomic traits. 【Result】 Under the row spacing of 1.4 m, GT29 had a sugar content of 734 kg per 667 m2, which was 26.99% higher than that of the control, while the wide-rowspacing planted YT60 had a sugar content similar to that of the control. The comprehensive performance of agronomic and yield traits of GT29 and YT60 under wide row spacing planting was better than that of the control, which indicated that GT29 and YT 60 had good adaptability to wide row spacing planting. 【Conclusion】 FN39, which has no advantage in wide row spacing planting, is not suitable for medium and large scale mechanization planting management. GT29 has good adaptability to wide row spacing planting, and a row spacing of can be regarded as 1.4 m as the optimal raw spacing for full mechanization planting.
【Objective】The research was to investigate the effect of sugarcane wide row planting and local conventional planting distance(1.0 m) on the yield and quality of ratoon sugarcane and the adaptability of different varieties to different row spacing, explore the sugarcane varieties adapted to different harvesting machinery and sugarcane ratoon wide row distance management technology, and provide a basis for the wide spread of sugarcane mechanical harvesting. 【Method】 The test was conducted based on a test of different sugarcane planting intervals in a year. In the second year, live roots were observed in this experiment A test for newly planted sugarcane at different row spacing was conducted, leaving ratoon for observation. Three good varieties including GT 29, FN 39, and YT 60 were used as tested sugarcane varieties, and three different row distances(1.0,1.2,1.4 m) were designed to study their agronomic traits. 【Result】 Under the row spacing of 1.4 m, GT29 had a sugar content of 734 kg per 667 m2, which was 26.99% higher than that of the control, while the wide-rowspacing planted YT60 had a sugar content similar to that of the control. The comprehensive performance of agronomic and yield traits of GT29 and YT60 under wide row spacing planting was better than that of the control, which indicated that GT29 and YT 60 had good adaptability to wide row spacing planting. 【Conclusion】 FN39, which has no advantage in wide row spacing planting, is not suitable for medium and large scale mechanization planting management. GT29 has good adaptability to wide row spacing planting, and a row spacing of can be regarded as 1.4 m as the optimal raw spacing for full mechanization planting.
引文
[1]徐建云，陈超君.甘蔗栽培学[M].南宁：广西科学技术出版社，2009.XU J Y,CHEN C J.Sugarcane Cultivation[M].Nanning:Guangxi Science and Technology Press,2009.
[2]张华，罗俊，廖平伟，郭伟.我国甘蔗机械化成本分析及机收效益评价模型的建立[J].热带作物学报，2010,31(10):1669-1673.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2010.10.003.ZHANG H,LUO J,LIAO P W,GUO W.ETC.establishment of cost analysis and benefit evaluation model for sugarcane mechanization in China[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2010,31(10):1669-1673.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2010.10.003.
[3]梁兆新，李慧超.广西甘蔗机械化发展战略[J].农机化，2011(14):241-244.doi:10.13427/j.cnki.njyi.2011.12.054LIANG Z X,LI H C.Development strategy of sugarcane mechanization in Guangxi[J].Agricultural Mechanization,2011(14):241-244.doi:10.13427/j.cnki.njyi.2011.12.054
[4]MATHERILE R J,RVINE J E.甘蔗窄行距[J].陈远贻译.甘蔗科技通讯，1979(2):29-31.MATHERILE R J,RVINE J E.Narrow row spacing of sugarcane[J].CHEN Y Y Translation.Sugarcane Science and Technology Communication,1979(2):29-31.
[5]谭裕模.澳大利亚甘蔗种植技术及品种应用情况[J].广西蔗糖，1999,14(1):56,59.TAN Y M.Sugarcane planting technology and variety application in Australia[J].Guangxi Sugar Industry,1999,14(1):56.59.
[6]罗亚伟，王维赞，朱秋珍，梁阗，陈引芝，谢金兰，刘晓燕.甘蔗机械化种植不同宽窄行行距新植、宿根试验[J].广西蔗糖，2011(1):3-6.LUO Y W,WANG W Z,ZHU Q Z,LIANG D,CHEN Y Z,XIE J L,LIUX Y.New planting and permanent root test of sugarcane mechanized planting with different width and narrow row spacing[J].Guangxi Sugar Industry,2011(1):3-6.
[7]罗亚伟，王维赞，朱秋珍，梁阗,陈引芝，谢金兰，刘晓燕.甘蔗中小型机械化种植不同宽窄行行距试验[J].广西蔗糖，2010(2):7-10.LUO Y W,WANG W Z,ZHU Q Z,LIANG D,CHEN Y Z,XIE J L,LIU X Y.Experiments on mechanized planting of sugarcane with different width and narrow row spacing[J].Guangxi Sugar Industry,2010(2):7-10.
[8]农浩智，农冠松.不同甘蔗行距对产量的影响[J].广西蔗糖，1998(1):10-14.NONG H Z,NONG G S.Effect of row spacing on yield of sugarcane[J].Guangxi Industry,1998(1):10-14.
[9]轻工部甘蔗糖业研究所，轻工部甘蔗品种审定委员会，广西甘蔗研究所.中国甘蔗品种志[M].广州：广东科技出版社，1991.Sugar Industry Research Institute/Sugarcane Variety Examination and Approval Committee,Ministry of Light Industry,Guangxi Sugarcane Research Institute.Chinese sugarcane variety records[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press,1991.
[10]陆国盈.甘蔗品质分析[M].南宁：广西大学农学院内部讲义，1994.LU G Y.Quality Analysis of Sugarcane[M].Nanning:Guangxi University,1994.
[11]周竹青，张清良.小麦品种（系）叶绿素含量变化及其与光合叶面积关系研究[J].孝感学院学报，2001(6):5-8.ZHOU Z Q,ZHANG Q L.Changes of chlorophyll yield in wheat varieties and its relationship with photosynthetic leaf area[J].Journal of Hubei Engineering University,2001(6):5-8.
[12]韦开军，周忠凤，阳康春，覃耀冠，韦开旅.甘蔗不同种植行距套种大豆实验[J].中国糖料，2013(1):12-13.WEI K J,ZHOU Z F,YANG K C,QIN Y G,WEI K L.Experiments on interplanting soybean with different planting spacing of sugarcane[J].Sugar Crops of China,2013(1):12-13.
[13]裴铁雄，罗维刚，刘要鑫，黄绍辉，韩世健，陆国盈.适应甘蔗机械化收货的不同种植行距研究[J].广东农业科学，2013,40(9):18-21.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2013.09.033.PEI T X,LUO W G,LIU Y X,HUANG S H,HAN S J,LU G Y.Study on Different Planting Spacing for Sugarcane Mechanized Receiving[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2013(9):18-21.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2013.09.033.
[14]韦日辉，余锦伟，韦坚，覃磊.适宜机械化作业的甘蔗种植规格试验报告[J]．广西蔗糖.2009,57(4):6-8.WEI R H,YU JW,WEI J,QIN L.Test Report on Sugarcane Planting Specifications Suitable for Mechanized Operation[J].Guangxi Sugar Industry.2009,57(4):6-8.
[15]龚德明，林彦铨，陈如凯，张木清，林存华.甘蔗不同密度群体的几个光合性状及产量的比较研究[J].福建农学院学报.1994(2):46-49.doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.1994.02.007.GONG D M,LIN Y Q,CHEN R K,ZHANG M Q,LIN C H.Comparative Studies On Some Photosynthetic Characteristics And Yield of Sugarcane Populations With Different Density[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.1994(2):46-49.doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.1994.02.007.
[16]何启钧，蓝周焕，陈如凯.福蔗87-10不同密度群体的几个光合特性及产量、品质比较[J].甘蔗，1997(4):14-19.HE Q J,LAN Z H,CHEN R K,ETC.Comparison of some phtotsynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of FUJIAN87-10 population with different density[J].Subtropical Agriculture Research.1997(4):14-19.
[17]陈华金，周邵鹏，杨丹彤，区颖刚，刘庆庭.适合中小型机械化收获的宽行距甘蔗种植研究[J].甘蔗糖业，2014(12):24-27.CHEN H J,ZHOU S P,YANG D T,QU Y G,LIU Q T.Study on Sugarcane Planting with Wide Spacing Sugarcane for Mechanized Harvesting in Small and Medium Scales[J].Sugarcane and Canesugar,2014(12):24-27.
[18]谢锦华，亩产吨糖原料蔗栽培技术[J].广西蔗糖，1966(3):7-10.XIE J H,Cultivation Techniques of Sugarcane Raw Material with 0.667ha Yield of Tons of Sugar[J].Guangxi Sugar Industry,1966(3):7-10.
[19]李颖瑶，“吨糖田”建设的实践及体会[J].广西蔗糖，1999(2):3-6.LI Y Y,Practice and Experience of Construction of"Ton Sugar Field"[J].Guangxi Sugar Industry,1999(2):3-6.
[20]朱秋珍.广西蔗区“吨糖田”建设浅谈[J].广西蔗糖，1999(3):24-27.ZHU Q Z.Construction of"Ton Sugar Fields"in Guangxi sugarcane district[J].Guangxi Sugar Industry,1999(3):24-27.
[21]韦启光，覃文显，张美琴，李全.甘蔗高产高糖栽培技术[J].甘蔗，2001(4):32-34.WEI Q G,QIN W X,ZHANG M Q,LI Q.High-yield and high-sugar cultivation techniques of sugarcane[J].Subtropical Agriculture Research,2001(4):32-34.
[2]张华，罗俊，廖平伟，郭伟.我国甘蔗机械化成本分析及机收效益评价模型的建立[J].热带作物学报，2010,31(10):1669-1673.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2010.10.003.ZHANG H,LUO J,LIAO P W,GUO W.ETC.establishment of cost analysis and benefit evaluation model for sugarcane mechanization in China[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2010,31(10):1669-1673.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2010.10.003.
[3]梁兆新，李慧超.广西甘蔗机械化发展战略[J].农机化，2011(14):241-244.doi:10.13427/j.cnki.njyi.2011.12.054LIANG Z X,LI H C.Development strategy of sugarcane mechanization in Guangxi[J].Agricultural Mechanization,2011(14):241-244.doi:10.13427/j.cnki.njyi.2011.12.054
[4]MATHERILE R J,RVINE J E.甘蔗窄行距[J].陈远贻译.甘蔗科技通讯，1979(2):29-31.MATHERILE R J,RVINE J E.Narrow row spacing of sugarcane[J].CHEN Y Y Translation.Sugarcane Science and Technology Communication,1979(2):29-31.
[5]谭裕模.澳大利亚甘蔗种植技术及品种应用情况[J].广西蔗糖，1999,14(1):56,59.TAN Y M.Sugarcane planting technology and variety application in Australia[J].Guangxi Sugar Industry,1999,14(1):56.59.
[6]罗亚伟，王维赞，朱秋珍，梁阗，陈引芝，谢金兰，刘晓燕.甘蔗机械化种植不同宽窄行行距新植、宿根试验[J].广西蔗糖，2011(1):3-6.LUO Y W,WANG W Z,ZHU Q Z,LIANG D,CHEN Y Z,XIE J L,LIUX Y.New planting and permanent root test of sugarcane mechanized planting with different width and narrow row spacing[J].Guangxi Sugar Industry,2011(1):3-6.
[7]罗亚伟，王维赞，朱秋珍，梁阗,陈引芝，谢金兰，刘晓燕.甘蔗中小型机械化种植不同宽窄行行距试验[J].广西蔗糖，2010(2):7-10.LUO Y W,WANG W Z,ZHU Q Z,LIANG D,CHEN Y Z,XIE J L,LIU X Y.Experiments on mechanized planting of sugarcane with different width and narrow row spacing[J].Guangxi Sugar Industry,2010(2):7-10.
[8]农浩智，农冠松.不同甘蔗行距对产量的影响[J].广西蔗糖，1998(1):10-14.NONG H Z,NONG G S.Effect of row spacing on yield of sugarcane[J].Guangxi Industry,1998(1):10-14.
[9]轻工部甘蔗糖业研究所，轻工部甘蔗品种审定委员会，广西甘蔗研究所.中国甘蔗品种志[M].广州：广东科技出版社，1991.Sugar Industry Research Institute/Sugarcane Variety Examination and Approval Committee,Ministry of Light Industry,Guangxi Sugarcane Research Institute.Chinese sugarcane variety records[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press,1991.
[10]陆国盈.甘蔗品质分析[M].南宁：广西大学农学院内部讲义，1994.LU G Y.Quality Analysis of Sugarcane[M].Nanning:Guangxi University,1994.
[11]周竹青，张清良.小麦品种（系）叶绿素含量变化及其与光合叶面积关系研究[J].孝感学院学报，2001(6):5-8.ZHOU Z Q,ZHANG Q L.Changes of chlorophyll yield in wheat varieties and its relationship with photosynthetic leaf area[J].Journal of Hubei Engineering University,2001(6):5-8.
[12]韦开军，周忠凤，阳康春，覃耀冠，韦开旅.甘蔗不同种植行距套种大豆实验[J].中国糖料，2013(1):12-13.WEI K J,ZHOU Z F,YANG K C,QIN Y G,WEI K L.Experiments on interplanting soybean with different planting spacing of sugarcane[J].Sugar Crops of China,2013(1):12-13.
[13]裴铁雄，罗维刚，刘要鑫，黄绍辉，韩世健，陆国盈.适应甘蔗机械化收货的不同种植行距研究[J].广东农业科学，2013,40(9):18-21.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2013.09.033.PEI T X,LUO W G,LIU Y X,HUANG S H,HAN S J,LU G Y.Study on Different Planting Spacing for Sugarcane Mechanized Receiving[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2013(9):18-21.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2013.09.033.
[14]韦日辉，余锦伟，韦坚，覃磊.适宜机械化作业的甘蔗种植规格试验报告[J]．广西蔗糖.2009,57(4):6-8.WEI R H,YU JW,WEI J,QIN L.Test Report on Sugarcane Planting Specifications Suitable for Mechanized Operation[J].Guangxi Sugar Industry.2009,57(4):6-8.
[15]龚德明，林彦铨，陈如凯，张木清，林存华.甘蔗不同密度群体的几个光合性状及产量的比较研究[J].福建农学院学报.1994(2):46-49.doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.1994.02.007.GONG D M,LIN Y Q,CHEN R K,ZHANG M Q,LIN C H.Comparative Studies On Some Photosynthetic Characteristics And Yield of Sugarcane Populations With Different Density[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.1994(2):46-49.doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.1994.02.007.
[16]何启钧，蓝周焕，陈如凯.福蔗87-10不同密度群体的几个光合特性及产量、品质比较[J].甘蔗，1997(4):14-19.HE Q J,LAN Z H,CHEN R K,ETC.Comparison of some phtotsynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of FUJIAN87-10 population with different density[J].Subtropical Agriculture Research.1997(4):14-19.
[17]陈华金，周邵鹏，杨丹彤，区颖刚，刘庆庭.适合中小型机械化收获的宽行距甘蔗种植研究[J].甘蔗糖业，2014(12):24-27.CHEN H J,ZHOU S P,YANG D T,QU Y G,LIU Q T.Study on Sugarcane Planting with Wide Spacing Sugarcane for Mechanized Harvesting in Small and Medium Scales[J].Sugarcane and Canesugar,2014(12):24-27.
[18]谢锦华，亩产吨糖原料蔗栽培技术[J].广西蔗糖，1966(3):7-10.XIE J H,Cultivation Techniques of Sugarcane Raw Material with 0.667ha Yield of Tons of Sugar[J].Guangxi Sugar Industry,1966(3):7-10.
[19]李颖瑶，“吨糖田”建设的实践及体会[J].广西蔗糖，1999(2):3-6.LI Y Y,Practice and Experience of Construction of"Ton Sugar Field"[J].Guangxi Sugar Industry,1999(2):3-6.
[20]朱秋珍.广西蔗区“吨糖田”建设浅谈[J].广西蔗糖，1999(3):24-27.ZHU Q Z.Construction of"Ton Sugar Fields"in Guangxi sugarcane district[J].Guangxi Sugar Industry,1999(3):24-27.
[21]韦启光，覃文显，张美琴，李全.甘蔗高产高糖栽培技术[J].甘蔗，2001(4):32-34.WEI Q G,QIN W X,ZHANG M Q,LI Q.High-yield and high-sugar cultivation techniques of sugarcane[J].Subtropical Agriculture Research,2001(4):32-34.
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