额尔齐斯河源流植被受损区生态恢复效果研究
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摘要
本研究以额尔齐斯河流域源头两河源保护区为研究对象,从受损区的地形地貌、土壤和地表植被3个方面入手,选择10种恢复措施,布置2种单一措施恢复实验,18种叠加措施恢复试验,通过长期监测,探讨受损区恢复效果与治理成本的相互关系,并据此找出适宜于本区推广的恢复措施。结果表明:(1)采取叠加措施所取得的生态效益较单一恢复措施所取得的生态效益提高了2. 9倍,叠加恢复措施的恢复效果更明显;(2)在低投入的情况下,建议采取粗推+河水漫溢措施,治理成本低廉,适宜大范围推广;在资金充足的条件下,建议采取精推+覆土+人工补植措施,恢复效果显著;(3)本区生态修复过程中,叠加河水漫溢措施后,每单位治理成本收获的生态效益最高,为11,即对矿区生态环境的改善最为显著。
In this study the Irtysh River source two heyuan area as the research object,from the abandoned mining area topography and geomorphology,soil and vegetation three aspects obtains,10 kinds of recovery measures,decorate two single measures to restore the experiment,the superposition of 18 kinds of measures to restore the experiment,through long-term monitoring,abandoned mining recovery effect in the process of recovery and the relationship of the cost of governance,and accordingly find out the suitable for the recovery measures of promotion in this area.The results show that:( 1) Single restoration measures can restore the ecology of abandoned mining areas,but the recovery period is long,and the effect of superimposed restoration measures is more obvious;( 2) In the case of low input,it is suggested to adopt rough push + river overflow measures,which is of low cost and suitable for large-scale promotion; Under the condition of sufficient funds,it is suggested to take fine pushing + overlaying + artificial replanting measures,and the recovery effect is significant.( 3) In the process of ecological restoration in the mining area,after superimposing the measures of river overflow,the ecological benefits gained per unit of treatment cost are the highest,that is,the ecological restoration effect is the most significant.
In this study the Irtysh River source two heyuan area as the research object,from the abandoned mining area topography and geomorphology,soil and vegetation three aspects obtains,10 kinds of recovery measures,decorate two single measures to restore the experiment,the superposition of 18 kinds of measures to restore the experiment,through long-term monitoring,abandoned mining recovery effect in the process of recovery and the relationship of the cost of governance,and accordingly find out the suitable for the recovery measures of promotion in this area.The results show that:( 1) Single restoration measures can restore the ecology of abandoned mining areas,but the recovery period is long,and the effect of superimposed restoration measures is more obvious;( 2) In the case of low input,it is suggested to adopt rough push + river overflow measures,which is of low cost and suitable for large-scale promotion; Under the condition of sufficient funds,it is suggested to take fine pushing + overlaying + artificial replanting measures,and the recovery effect is significant.( 3) In the process of ecological restoration in the mining area,after superimposing the measures of river overflow,the ecological benefits gained per unit of treatment cost are the highest,that is,the ecological restoration effect is the most significant.
引文
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[17]Venkateswarlu K,Nirola R,Kuppusamy S,et al.Abandoned metalliferous mines:ecological impacts and potential approaches for reclamation[J].Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology,2016,15(2):327-354.
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[2]江劭颖.基于AHP法的土地整理生态效益评价研究[D].福建:福建农林大学,2015.
[3]王礼先.小流域综合治理效益的评价方法与指标[J].人民黄河,1987(4):50-52.Wang L X.Evaluaton method and indexes of benefits of small watershed comprehensive improvement[J].Yellow River,1987(4):50-52.
[4]周维博,李佩成.干旱半干旱地域灌区水资源综合效益评价体系研究[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(3):288-293.Zhou W B,Li P C.Study on integrated benefit of water resources in arid and semi-arid irrigated district[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2003,18(3):288-293.
[5]沈慧,姜凤岐.水土保持林效益评价研究综述[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(4):492-496.Shen H,Jiang F Q.Benefit evaluation on water and soil conservation forest-a review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1999,10(4):492-496.
[6]王刚,李小曼,李锐.黄土高原水土保持社会效益评价-以定西地区为例[J].经济地理,2006,26(4):673-676.Wang G,Li X M,Li R.Society evaluation of soil and water conservation in loess plateau-a case study on Ding Xi area[J].Economic Geography,2006,26(4):673-676.
[7]李智广,李锐,杨勤科,等.小流域治理综合效益评价指标体系研究[J].水土保持通报,1998(s1):71-75.Li Z G,Li R,Yang Q K,et al.Indictor system for comprehensive benefit evaluation of small watershed management[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,1998(s1):71-75.
[8]康玲玲,王云璋,王霞.小流域水土保持综合治理效益指标体系及其应用[J].生态环境学报,2002,11(3):274-278.Kang L L,Wang Y Z,Wang X.Comprehensive harnessing indicator system and benefit estimation for soil and water conservation in small watershed[J].Soil and Environmental Sciences,2002,11(3):274-278.
[9]景可.中国土壤侵蚀与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[10]郑敏娜,李荫藩,梁秀芝,等.水分胁迫对豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长发育的影响[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(3):212-216.Zheng M N,Li Y F,Liang X Z,et al.Seeds germination characteristics and drought tolerance of pea seedling under water stress[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(3):212-216.
[11]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法I.α多样性的测度方法(上)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):162-168.Ma K P.Measurement of biotic community diversity I.αdiversity(Part 1)[J].Biodiversity Science,1994,2(3):162-168.
[12]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法I.α多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.Ma K P.Measurement of biotic community diversity I.αdiversity(Part 2)[J].Biodiversity Science,1994,2(4):231-239.
[13]Sprense T.A method of establishing groups of equal aim plitude in plant sociology based on similarity of species content and its application to analysis of the vegetation on Danish Commons[J].BiolSkr,1948,5(4):1-34.
[14]叶宗裕.关于多指标综合评价中指标正向化和无量纲化方法的选择[J].统计科学与实践,2003(4):24-25.Ye Z Y.Selection of the methods for the positive and nondimensional evaluation of indicators in the multi-index comprehensive evaluation[J].Statistical Theory and Practice,2003(4):24-25.
[15]师雄,许永丽,李富平.矿区废弃地对环境的破坏及其生态恢复[J].矿业快报,2007,6(458):1.Shi X,Xu Y L,Li F P.Destruction of mining wasteland to environment and significance of ecological restoration[J].Express Information of Mining Industry,2007,6(458):1.
[16]白中科,赵景逵,朱荫湄.试论矿区生态重建[J].自然资源学报,1999,14(1):5.Bai Z K,Zhao J K,Zhu Y M.On Ecological rehabilitation of mining areas[J].Journal of Natural Resources,1999,14(1):5.
[17]Venkateswarlu K,Nirola R,Kuppusamy S,et al.Abandoned metalliferous mines:ecological impacts and potential approaches for reclamation[J].Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology,2016,15(2):327-354.
[18]白中科,胡振华,王治国.露天矿排土场人为加速侵蚀及分类研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1998,4(1):34-40.Bai Z K,Hu Z H,Wang Z G.Artificial accelerated erosion and classification of the dump in surface mine[J].Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation,1998,4(1):34-40.
[19]Darmody R G,Hetzler R T,Simmons F W.Coal mine subsidence:Effects of mitigation on crop yields[J].International Journal of Surface Mining,Reclamation and Environment,1992,6(4):187-190.
[20]王正周.植物群落演替规律在生产上的应用[J].生物学通报,1990,6(3):5-7.Wang Z Z.Application of plant community succession rules in production[J].Bulletin of Biology,1990,6(3):5-7.
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