基于关键绩效指标的西安市水循环健康评价
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摘要
城市水循环健康评价研究对于城市的规划定位、发展建设及城市资源管理具有实际指导意义。以西安市为例,基于城市水循环内涵,结合水资源关键属性,从水生态水平、水资源丰度、水资源质量及水资源利用四个维度出发,筛选出16个指标,构建了基于关键绩效指标(KPI)的城市水循环健康评价体系,对西安市2010-2015年水循环健康状况进行评价。结果表明:西安市2010-2015年水循环均处于亚健康状态,健康评价得分为3.05～3.46分,其中2010-2011年健康得分呈现下降趋势,在2011年健康得分最低,为3.05分,之后2011-2015年健康得分逐年上升,上升趋势显著;饮用水水源地水质达标率得分最高,2010-2015年均处于非常健康状态,而人均水资源量、亩均水资源量得分最差,2010-2015年均处于严重病态;提高水资源开发利用的合理性、缓解水资源供需矛盾是改善西安市水循环健康状态的关键。
Urban water cycle health assessment research has practical guiding significance for urban planning,development and construction,and urban resource management.Taking Xi′an as a study case,based on the connotation of urban water cycle and the key attributes of water resources,from the four dimensions of water ecological level,water resources abundance,water quality,and water resources utilization,we built a health assessment system of water cycle based on key performance index(KPI)with 16 indicators,and assessed the health status of water cycle of the city from 2010 to 2015.The results showed that the water cycle in Xi'an from 2010 to 2015was in a sub-health state,and the health assessment score was 3.05-3.46 points.The health scores in 2010-2011 showed a downward trend.In 2011,the health score was 3.05 points and was the lowest.Afterwards from 2011 to 2015,the health score increased year by year,with a significant upward trend.The drinking water source had the highest score in water quality compliance rate,and it was in a very healthy state from 2010 to 2015.The per capita water resources and the per unit area water resources had the worst scores.From 2010 to 2015,they were all seriously unhealthy.Enhancing the rationality of water resources utilization and alleviating the contradiction between water supply and demand were the key to improving the health status of Xi′an water cycle.
Urban water cycle health assessment research has practical guiding significance for urban planning,development and construction,and urban resource management.Taking Xi′an as a study case,based on the connotation of urban water cycle and the key attributes of water resources,from the four dimensions of water ecological level,water resources abundance,water quality,and water resources utilization,we built a health assessment system of water cycle based on key performance index(KPI)with 16 indicators,and assessed the health status of water cycle of the city from 2010 to 2015.The results showed that the water cycle in Xi'an from 2010 to 2015was in a sub-health state,and the health assessment score was 3.05-3.46 points.The health scores in 2010-2011 showed a downward trend.In 2011,the health score was 3.05 points and was the lowest.Afterwards from 2011 to 2015,the health score increased year by year,with a significant upward trend.The drinking water source had the highest score in water quality compliance rate,and it was in a very healthy state from 2010 to 2015.The per capita water resources and the per unit area water resources had the worst scores.From 2010 to 2015,they were all seriously unhealthy.Enhancing the rationality of water resources utilization and alleviating the contradiction between water supply and demand were the key to improving the health status of Xi′an water cycle.
引文
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[17]李运杰,张弛,冷祥阳,等.智慧化海绵城市的探讨与展望[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(1):161-164.(LI Y J,ZHANG C,LENG X Y,et al.Discussion and prospect of intelligent sponge city[J].South-toNorth Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(1):161-164.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2016.01.027.
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[19]刘兴太,杨震,程洪海,等.层次分析法判断矩阵在确定科研绩效评价指标权重系数中的应用[J].中国科技信息,2008(19):185-186.(LIU X T,YANG Z,CHENG H H,et al.Application of analytic hierarchy process judgment matrix in determining the weighting coefficient of scientific research performance evaluation index[J].China Science and Technology Information,2008(19):185-186.(in Chinese))
[20]李帅,魏虹,倪细炉,等.基于层次分析法和熵权法的宁夏城市人居环境质量评价[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(9):2700-2708.(LI S,WEI H,NI X L,et al.Evaluation of urban human settlement environment quality in Ningxia Based on analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(9):2700-2708.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2014.0215.
[21]张凤太,苏维词.贵州省水资源-经济-生态环境-社会系统耦合协调演化特征研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(6):44-49.(ZHANG F T,SU W C.Study on the coordination and evolution characteristics of water resources-economy-ecological environment-social system in Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2015,34(6):44-49.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2015.06.010.
[22]杜挺,谢贤健,梁海艳,等.基于熵权TOPSIS和GIS的重庆市县域经济综合评价及空间分析[J].经济地理,2014,34(6):40-47.(DU T,XIE X J,LIANG H Y,et al.Comprehensive evaluation and spatial analysis of county economy in Chongqing based on entropy weight TOPSIS and GIS[J].Economic Geography,2014,34(6):40-47.(in Chinese))DOI:10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2014.06.026.
[23]张慧,刘永强,汪小进,等.基于熵组合权重的调水工程项目管理模式选择[J].南水北调与水利科技,2015,13(6):1207-1211.(ZHANG H,LIU Y Q,WANG X J,et al.Selection of management mode of water transfer project based on entropy combination weight[J].South-to-North Water TransferS and Water Science&Technology,2015,13(6):1207-1211.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2015.06.039.
[24] BEN K N,TYTECA D,MARINANGELI C,et al.Structural features of the KPI domain control APP dimerization,trafficking,and processing[J].Faseb Journal Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology,2012,26(2):855.
[25]李琪,安树伟.中国地级及以上城市不同城市化质量类型划分及比较研究[J].经济问题探索,2012(12):54-61.(LI Q,AN S W.Classification and comparative study of different urbanization quality types in cities of China and above[J].Exploring Economic Issues,2012(12):54-61.(in Chinese))
[26]王博,西安市水资源合理利用问题研究[D].西安:长安大学,2015.(WANG B.Study on the effective usage of urban water resources of Xi’an City[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2015.(in Chinese))
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[2]王浩,贾仰文.变化中的流域“自然-社会”二元水循环理论与研究方法[J].水利学报,2016,47(10):1219-1226.(WANG H,JIA Y W.The"natural-society"binary water cycle theory and research method in the changing basin[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,47(10):1219-1226.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20151297.
[3] DA Y,CHUI Y,JIA H,et al.Theoretical framework of dualistic nature-social water cycle[J].Science Bulletin,2014,59(8):810-820.DOI:10.1007/s11434-013-0096-2.
[4]宋晓猛,张建云,占车生,等.气候变化和人类活动对水文循环影响研究进展[J].水利学报,2013,44(7):779-790.(SONG X M,ZHANG J Y,ZHAN C S,et al.Research progress on the effects of climate change and human activities on hydrological cycle[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(7):779-790.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2013.07.001.
[5]张杰,李冬.城市水系统健康循环理论与方略[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2010,42(6):849-854.(ZHANG J,LI D.Urban water system health cycle theory and strategy[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2010,42(6):849-854.(in Chinese))
[6]栾清华,张海行,褚俊英,等.基于关键绩效指标的天津市水循环健康评价[J].水电能源科学,2016(5):38-41.(LUAN Q H,ZHANG H H,CHU J Y,et al.Tianjin water cycle health assessment based on key performance indicators[J].Water Resources and Power,2016(5):38-41.(in Chinese))
[7] WU E N,YANG K,CHE Y,et al.Characterization of rivers health status and its assessment[J].Advances in Water Science,2005,16(4):602-608.
[8]邓晓军,许有鹏,翟禄新,等.城市河流健康评价指标体系构建及其应用[J].生态学报,2014,34(4):993-1001.(DENG X J,XU Y P,ZHAI L X,et al.Construction and application of urban river health evaluation index system[J].Journal of Ecology,2014,34(4):993-1001.(in Chinese))DOI:10.5846/stxb201209221339.
[9]周维博,马艳,董艳慧,等.西安市水资源可持续开发利用程度模糊综合评价[C].中国水利学会水资源专业委员会2009学术年会.2009.(ZHOU W B,MA Y,DONG Y H,et al.Fuzzy Comprehensive evaluation of sustainable development and utilization of water resources in Xi′an City[C].2009 Annual Conference of Water Resources Professional Committee of China Water Conservancy Society.2009.(in Chinese))
[10]张杰,陈立学,熊必永,等.我国水环境与水循环的健康之路[J].给水排水,2005,31(5):19-25.(ZHANG J,CHEN L X,XIONG B Y,et al.The healthy way of water environment and water cycle in China[J].Water Supply and Sewerage,2005,31(5):19-25.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13789/j.cnki.wwe1964.2005.05.006.
[11]栾清华,张海行,刘家宏,等.基于KPI的邯郸市水循环健康评价[J].水利水电技术,2015,46(10):26-30.(LUAN Q H,ZHANG H H,LIU J H,et al.Health assessment of water cycle in Handan City based on KPI[J].Water Conservancy and Hydropower Technology,2015,46(10):26-30.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2015.10.006.
[12]张建云,宋晓猛,王国庆,等.变化环境下城市水文学的发展与挑战——Ⅰ.城市水文效应[J].水科学进展,2014,25(4):594-605.(ZHANG J Y,SONG X M,WANG G Q,et al.Development and challenges of urban hydrology in a changing environment——I.Urban hydrological effects[J].Advances in Water Science,2014,25(4):594-605.(in Chinese))DOI:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2014.04.020.
[13]陈庆秋,薛建枫,周永章.城市水系统环境可持续性评价框架[J].中国水利,2004(3):6-10.(CHENG Q Q,XIU J F,ZHOU Y Z.Urban water system environmental sustainability assessment framework[J].China Water Resources,2004(3):6-10.(in Chinese))
[14]朱坦,王启山,彭海,等.城市水循环途径及影响分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2003(4):54-56.(ZHU T,WANG Q S,PENG H,et al.Urban water cycle pathway and impact analysis[J].Urban Environment and Urban Ecology,2003(4):54-56.(in Chinese))
[15]陆静超,袁一星,王晨,等.循环经济下的城市水循环[J].给水排水,2007,33(7):43-45.(LU J C,YUAN Y X,WANG C,et al.Urban water cycle under circular economy[J].Water Supply and Sewerage,2007,33(7):43-45.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13789/j.cnki.wwe1964.2007.07.008.
[16]刘昌明,张永勇,王中根,等.维护良性水循环的城镇化LID模式:海绵城市规划方法与技术初步探讨[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(5):719-731.(LIU C M,ZAHNG Y Y,WANG Z G,et al.Urbanization LID model for maintaining benign water cycle:Preliminary discussion on sponge city planning method and technology[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(5):719-731.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11849/zrzyxb.20151294.
[17]李运杰,张弛,冷祥阳,等.智慧化海绵城市的探讨与展望[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(1):161-164.(LI Y J,ZHANG C,LENG X Y,et al.Discussion and prospect of intelligent sponge city[J].South-toNorth Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(1):161-164.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2016.01.027.
[18]门宝辉,赵燮京,梁川.我国北方地区水资源可持续利用状况评价[J].南水北调与水利科技,2003,1(4):24-27.(MEN B H,ZHAO X J,LIANG C.Evaluation of sustainable utilization of water resources in Northern China[J].South-to-North Water TransferS and Water Science&Technology,2003,1(4):24-27.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2003.04.008.
[19]刘兴太,杨震,程洪海,等.层次分析法判断矩阵在确定科研绩效评价指标权重系数中的应用[J].中国科技信息,2008(19):185-186.(LIU X T,YANG Z,CHENG H H,et al.Application of analytic hierarchy process judgment matrix in determining the weighting coefficient of scientific research performance evaluation index[J].China Science and Technology Information,2008(19):185-186.(in Chinese))
[20]李帅,魏虹,倪细炉,等.基于层次分析法和熵权法的宁夏城市人居环境质量评价[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(9):2700-2708.(LI S,WEI H,NI X L,et al.Evaluation of urban human settlement environment quality in Ningxia Based on analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(9):2700-2708.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2014.0215.
[21]张凤太,苏维词.贵州省水资源-经济-生态环境-社会系统耦合协调演化特征研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(6):44-49.(ZHANG F T,SU W C.Study on the coordination and evolution characteristics of water resources-economy-ecological environment-social system in Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2015,34(6):44-49.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2015.06.010.
[22]杜挺,谢贤健,梁海艳,等.基于熵权TOPSIS和GIS的重庆市县域经济综合评价及空间分析[J].经济地理,2014,34(6):40-47.(DU T,XIE X J,LIANG H Y,et al.Comprehensive evaluation and spatial analysis of county economy in Chongqing based on entropy weight TOPSIS and GIS[J].Economic Geography,2014,34(6):40-47.(in Chinese))DOI:10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2014.06.026.
[23]张慧,刘永强,汪小进,等.基于熵组合权重的调水工程项目管理模式选择[J].南水北调与水利科技,2015,13(6):1207-1211.(ZHANG H,LIU Y Q,WANG X J,et al.Selection of management mode of water transfer project based on entropy combination weight[J].South-to-North Water TransferS and Water Science&Technology,2015,13(6):1207-1211.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2015.06.039.
[24] BEN K N,TYTECA D,MARINANGELI C,et al.Structural features of the KPI domain control APP dimerization,trafficking,and processing[J].Faseb Journal Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology,2012,26(2):855.
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