江汉平原湖相沉积物有机物光谱学信息
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摘要
通过多浓度盐溶液提取手段,三维荧光光谱技术与紫外吸收光谱技术,结合平行因子分析方法,对江汉平原沉积物溶解性有机质(DOM)的组成及结构特征进行分析,并探讨了沉积物DOM与NH_4-N及Fe~(2+)的关系。结果表明,不同浓度盐溶液可提取出DOM中不同组分,其中,稀盐溶液提取组分(WEOM)主要为色氨酸类蛋白质荧光组分,具有分子量相对小、结构简单、稳定性差的特点;浓盐提取组分(SEOM)则以类腐殖质荧光组分为主具有稳定性高且分子量大的特点。随沉积深度,WEOM迁移能力呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。光谱参数对比结果揭示不同岩性、不同含水条件,影响着WEOM的物质组成及结构特征,在水流交替的开放环境下,WEOM多由低分子量、分子结构简单的组分组成,在相对封闭环境中,WEOM多由高分子量,分子结构复杂的组分组成。环境因子NH_4-N、Fe~(2+)与WEOM的共变关系表明,WEOM贡献于水环境中N循环及物质组成。研究表明,沉积物有机质中含有结构、性质与来源截然不同的组分,不同岩性、不同含水条件同一组分的结构与性质也存在差异,研究成果为分析沉积物有机质的环境意义提供新思路。
The components and structure characteristics of dissolved organic matter( DOM) in deep sediments of Jianghan plain were analyzed using multi-concentration salt solution extraction method,three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometry combined with parallel analysis( EEMs-PARAFAC) and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy The correlation between DOM and NH4-N and Fe2 +were explored. The results showed that differentcomponents in DOM can extracted by different concentrations of salt solution. Among them,the water-extractable component( WEOM)is mainly the tryptophan protein-like. The fluorescent component has relatively small molecular weight,simple structure and poor stability. The concentrated salt extractable component( SEOM) is characterized by high stability and high molecular weight,mainly composed of humic-like fluorescent components. With the depth of deposition,the migration capacity of WEOM showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Comparison results of spectrum parameter suggested that the component and structure of WEOM were affected by the lithologiesand saturated conditions. WEOM were made of low molecular weight and simple molecular structure in open system environment.While in relatively closed environment,WEOM were composed of high molecular weight and complex molecular structure. Covariant relationship between environmental factors include NH4-N,Fe2 +and dissolved organic matter shows that N circulation and material composition,in water environmental,were affected by WEOM. The result shows that the sediment organic matter were made of components which have different structures,properties and sources. The structure and properties of the same component with different lithology and different water conditions are also different. The research results provide new information for analyzing theenvironmental significance of sediment organic matter.
The components and structure characteristics of dissolved organic matter( DOM) in deep sediments of Jianghan plain were analyzed using multi-concentration salt solution extraction method,three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometry combined with parallel analysis( EEMs-PARAFAC) and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy The correlation between DOM and NH4-N and Fe2 +were explored. The results showed that differentcomponents in DOM can extracted by different concentrations of salt solution. Among them,the water-extractable component( WEOM)is mainly the tryptophan protein-like. The fluorescent component has relatively small molecular weight,simple structure and poor stability. The concentrated salt extractable component( SEOM) is characterized by high stability and high molecular weight,mainly composed of humic-like fluorescent components. With the depth of deposition,the migration capacity of WEOM showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Comparison results of spectrum parameter suggested that the component and structure of WEOM were affected by the lithologiesand saturated conditions. WEOM were made of low molecular weight and simple molecular structure in open system environment.While in relatively closed environment,WEOM were composed of high molecular weight and complex molecular structure. Covariant relationship between environmental factors include NH4-N,Fe2 +and dissolved organic matter shows that N circulation and material composition,in water environmental,were affected by WEOM. The result shows that the sediment organic matter were made of components which have different structures,properties and sources. The structure and properties of the same component with different lithology and different water conditions are also different. The research results provide new information for analyzing theenvironmental significance of sediment organic matter.
引文
1 Wei C,Habibul N,Liu X Y,et al.FTIR and synchronous fluorescenceheterospectraltwo-dimensional correlationanalyses on the binding characteristicof copper onto dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2015,49(4):2052-2058
2 Wang Z G,Jing C,Meng F G.Interactions between protein-like and humic-like components in dissolved organicmatter revealed by fluorescence quenching[J].Water Research,2015,68:404-413
3 Fu P Q,Liu C Q,Wan Y X,et al.Review of the effects of humic substances on heavy metal behavior in aquatic environment[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry,2002,21(4):277-281
4 Wang D X,Wang P F,Wang C,et al.Effects of interactions between humicacid and heavy metal ions on theaggregation of Ti O2nanoparticles in water environment[J].Environmental Pollution,2019,248:834-844
5 Wang Y,Zhang M M,Zhang D,et al.The influence of sediment particle size on the properties of adsorbed dissolved organic matter in the Yangtzeestuary and its interactions with As/Sb[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,105(1):351-358
6 Fu P Q,Liu C Q,Wu F C.Three-dimensional excitation emission matrixfluorescencespectroscopiccharacterization of the complexation between mercury(Ⅱ)and dissolved organic matter[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2004,25(6):140-144
7 Ravichandran M.Interactions betweenmercury and dissolved organic matter-a review[J].Chemosphere,2004,55(3):319-331
8 Wang S,Mulligan C N.Enhanced mobilization of arsenic mobilization in Bangladesh aquifers[J].Chemosphere,2009,74(2):274-279
9 Mladenov N,Zheng Y,Miller M P,et al.Dissolved organic matter sources and consequences for iron and arsenic mobilization in Bangladesh aquifers[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2010,44(1):123-128
10魏群山，王东升，余剑锋，等．水体溶解性有机物的化学分级标准:原理与方法[J]．环境污染治理技术与设备，2006(10):17-21Wei Qunshan,Wang Dongsheng,Yu Jianfeng,et al.Mechanism and method of chemical fractionation of dissolved organic matter in water[J].Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control,2006(10):17-21
11李昀，魏鸿杰，王侃，等．溶解性有机物(DOM)与区域土地利用的关系:基于三维荧光-平行因子分析(EEM-PARAFAC)[J]．环境科学，2019(4):1-11Li Yun,Wei Hongjie,Wang Kan,et al.Relationship between dissolved organic matter(DOM)and regional land use:Based on three-dimensionalfluorescence-parallel factor analysis[J].Environmental Science,2019(4):1-11
12蒋凤华，杨黄浩，黎先春，等．胶州湾海水溶解性有机物三维荧光特征研究[J]．光谱学与光谱分析，2007,27(9):1765-1769Jiang Fenghua,Yang Huanghao,Li Xianchun,et al.Excitation-emission-matrix spectral property of dissolved organic matter in seawater of Jiaozhou bay,China[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2007,27(9):1765-1769
13 Wei Q S,Feng C H,Wang D S,et al.Seasonal variations of chemicaland physical characteristics of dissolved organic matter and trhalomethane precursors in a reservoir:a case study[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,150(2):257-264
14金鹏康，石彦丽，任武昂．城市污水处理过程中溶解性有机物转化特征[J]．环境工程学报，2015,9(1):1-6Jin Pengkang,Shi Yanli,Ren Wuang.Transformation characteristics of dissolved organicmatter in process of wastewater treatment[J].Chinese Journalof Environmental Engineering,2015,9(1):1-6
15 Shutova Y,Baker A,Bridgeman J,et al.Spectroscopic characterization ofdissolved organic matter changes in drinking water treatment:From PARAFAC analysis to online monitoring wavelengths[J].Water Research,2014,54:159-169
16程元月．沉积物间隙水中CDOM光学特征与河口CDOM光化学反应研究[D]．厦门:厦门大学，2007.Cheng Yuanyue.The study on optical characteristics of CDOM in sediment pore waters and photochemistry of CDOM in estuarine waters[D].Xiamen:Xiamen University,2007
17 Reemtsma T,Bredow A,Gehring M.The nature and kinetics of organic matter release from soil by salt solutions[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1999,50(1):53-64
18黄爽兵，王焰新，曹菱，等．包气带土壤DOM三维荧光表征及砷污染的指示意义[J]．地球科学(中国地质大学学报)，2012,37(3):605-611Huang Shuangbing,Wang Yanxin,Cao Ling,et al.Characterization of DOM from soil in unsaturated zone andits implications on arsenic mobilization[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2012,37(3):605-611
19 Chantigny M H.Dissolved and water-extractable organic matter in soils:A review on the influence of land use and management practices[J].Geoderma,2003,113(3-4):357-380
20 Guigue J,Mathieu O,Leveque J,et al.A comparison of extraction procedures for water-extractable organic matter in soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2014,65(4):520-530
21 Rennert T,Gockel K F,Mansfeldt T.Extraction of water-soluble organic matter from mineral horizons of forest soils[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2007,170(4):514-521
22 Lerch T Z,Nunan N,Dignac M F,et al.Variations in microbial isotopic fractionation during soil organic matter decomposition[J].Biogeochemistry,2011,106(1):5-21
23 Toosi E R,Clinton P W,Beare M H,et al.Biodegradation of soluble organic matter as affected by land-useand soil depth[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2012,76(5):1667-1677
24 Jones D L,Willett V B.Experimental evaluation of methods to quantify dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(5):991-999
25 De H H,De B T.Applicability of light absorbance and fluorescence asmeasures of concentration and molecular size of dissolved organic carbon in humic lake Tjeukenmeer[J].Water Research,1987,21(6):731-734
26 Helms J R,Stubbins A,Ritchie J D,et al.Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight,source and photobleachingofchromophoric dissolved organic matter[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2008,53(3):955-969
27 Fuentes M,Gonzalez-Gaitano G,Garcia-Mina J M.The usefulness of UV-visible and fluorescencespectroscopies to study the chemical nature of humic substances from soils and composts[J].Organic Geochenmistry,2006,37(12):1949-1959
28 Glatzel S,Kalbitz K,Dalva M,et al.Dissolved organic matter properties and their relationship to carbon dioxide efflux from restored peat bogs[J].Geoderma,2003,113(3-4):397-411
29 Huguet A,Vacher L,Relexans S,et al.Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Gironde Esturary[J].Organic Geochemistry,2009,40(6):706-719
30 Hur J,Lee B M,Shin K H.Spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter isolates from sediments and the association with phenanthrene binding affinity[J].Chemosphere,2014,111:450-457
31 Leenheer J A,Croue J P.Peer reviewed:Characterizing aquatic dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2003,37(1):18A-26A
32 Wenk J,Von Gunten U,Canonica S.Effect of dissolved organic matter on the transformation of contaminants induced by excited triplet states and the hydroxy1 radical[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2011,45(4):1334-1340
33 Christensen J B,Jensen D L,Christensen T H.Effect of dissolved organic carbon on the mobility of cadmium nickel and zinc in leachate polluted groundwater[J].Water Research,1996,30(12):3037-3049
34王妍妍，黄爽兵，赵龙，等．江汉平原沙湖地区浅层含水层第四纪沉积环境演化[J]．地球科学，2017,42(5):751-760Wang Yanyan,Huang Shuangbing,Zhao Long,et al.Evolution of quaternary sedimentary environment in shallow aquifers at Shahu area,Jianghan plain[J].Earth Science,2017,42(5):751-760
35赵龙，韩占涛，孔祥科，等．直接推进钻探技术在污染场地调查中的应用进展[J]．南水北调与水利科技，2014(2):107-110Zhao Long,Han Zhantao,Kong Xiangke,et al.Application of direct push technology in the investigation of contaminated site[J].South to North Water Transfers and Water Science and Technology,2014(2):107-110
36 Cory R M,Mc Knight D M.Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals ubiquitouspresence of oxidized and reduced quinones in dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,39(21):8142-8149
37 Korshin G V,Li C W,Benjamin M M.Monitoring the properties of natural organic matter through UVspectroscopy:a consisitent theory[J].Water Research,1997,31(7):1787-1795
38 Murphy K R,Stedmon C A,Waite T D,et al.Distinguishing between terrestrial and autochthonous organic matter sources in marine environments using fluorescence spectroscopy[J].Marine Chemistry,2008,108(1-2):40-58
39 Stedmon C A,Markager S,Resolving the variability in dissolved organic matter fluorescence in a temperate estuary and its catchment using PARAFAC analysis[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2005,50(2):686-697
40 Yamashita Y,Jaffe R,Maie N,et al.Assessing the dynamics of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in coastalenvironments by excitation emission matrix fluorescence and parallel factoranalysis(EEM-PARAFAC)[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2008,53(5):1990-1908
41 Banaitis M R,Waldrip-Dail H,Diehl M S,et al.Investigating sorption-driven dissolved organic matter fractionation by multidimensional fluorescencespectroscopy and PARAFAC[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2006,304(1):271-276
42 Chapman P J,Williams B L,Hawkins A.Influence of temperature and vegetation cover on soluble inorganic and organic nitrogen in a spodoso[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33(7-8):1113-1121
43 Hedges J I,Mann D C.The lignin geochemistry of marine sediments from the southern Washington coast[J].Geochimica ET Cosmochimica Acta,1979,43(11):1809-1818
44李红梅，邓娅敏，罗莉威，等．江汉平原高砷含水层沉积物地球化学特征[J]．地质科技情报，2015,34(3):178-184Li Hongmei Deng Yamin,Luo Liwei,et al.Geochemistry of high arsenic shallow aquifers sediment of the Jianghan plain[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2015,34(3):178-184
45 Kjeldah1 J.Neue methode zur bestimmung des stickstoffs in organisch en k9rpern[J].Fresenius'Journal of Analytical Chemistry,1883,22(1):366-382
46 Huang S B,Wang Y X,Ma T,et al.Fluorescence spectroscopy revealsaccompanying occurrence of ammonium with fulvic acid-like organic matter in a fluvio-lacustrine aquifer of Jianghan Plain[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(9):8508-8517
2 Wang Z G,Jing C,Meng F G.Interactions between protein-like and humic-like components in dissolved organicmatter revealed by fluorescence quenching[J].Water Research,2015,68:404-413
3 Fu P Q,Liu C Q,Wan Y X,et al.Review of the effects of humic substances on heavy metal behavior in aquatic environment[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry,2002,21(4):277-281
4 Wang D X,Wang P F,Wang C,et al.Effects of interactions between humicacid and heavy metal ions on theaggregation of Ti O2nanoparticles in water environment[J].Environmental Pollution,2019,248:834-844
5 Wang Y,Zhang M M,Zhang D,et al.The influence of sediment particle size on the properties of adsorbed dissolved organic matter in the Yangtzeestuary and its interactions with As/Sb[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,105(1):351-358
6 Fu P Q,Liu C Q,Wu F C.Three-dimensional excitation emission matrixfluorescencespectroscopiccharacterization of the complexation between mercury(Ⅱ)and dissolved organic matter[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2004,25(6):140-144
7 Ravichandran M.Interactions betweenmercury and dissolved organic matter-a review[J].Chemosphere,2004,55(3):319-331
8 Wang S,Mulligan C N.Enhanced mobilization of arsenic mobilization in Bangladesh aquifers[J].Chemosphere,2009,74(2):274-279
9 Mladenov N,Zheng Y,Miller M P,et al.Dissolved organic matter sources and consequences for iron and arsenic mobilization in Bangladesh aquifers[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2010,44(1):123-128
10魏群山，王东升，余剑锋，等．水体溶解性有机物的化学分级标准:原理与方法[J]．环境污染治理技术与设备，2006(10):17-21Wei Qunshan,Wang Dongsheng,Yu Jianfeng,et al.Mechanism and method of chemical fractionation of dissolved organic matter in water[J].Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control,2006(10):17-21
11李昀，魏鸿杰，王侃，等．溶解性有机物(DOM)与区域土地利用的关系:基于三维荧光-平行因子分析(EEM-PARAFAC)[J]．环境科学，2019(4):1-11Li Yun,Wei Hongjie,Wang Kan,et al.Relationship between dissolved organic matter(DOM)and regional land use:Based on three-dimensionalfluorescence-parallel factor analysis[J].Environmental Science,2019(4):1-11
12蒋凤华，杨黄浩，黎先春，等．胶州湾海水溶解性有机物三维荧光特征研究[J]．光谱学与光谱分析，2007,27(9):1765-1769Jiang Fenghua,Yang Huanghao,Li Xianchun,et al.Excitation-emission-matrix spectral property of dissolved organic matter in seawater of Jiaozhou bay,China[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2007,27(9):1765-1769
13 Wei Q S,Feng C H,Wang D S,et al.Seasonal variations of chemicaland physical characteristics of dissolved organic matter and trhalomethane precursors in a reservoir:a case study[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,150(2):257-264
14金鹏康，石彦丽，任武昂．城市污水处理过程中溶解性有机物转化特征[J]．环境工程学报，2015,9(1):1-6Jin Pengkang,Shi Yanli,Ren Wuang.Transformation characteristics of dissolved organicmatter in process of wastewater treatment[J].Chinese Journalof Environmental Engineering,2015,9(1):1-6
15 Shutova Y,Baker A,Bridgeman J,et al.Spectroscopic characterization ofdissolved organic matter changes in drinking water treatment:From PARAFAC analysis to online monitoring wavelengths[J].Water Research,2014,54:159-169
16程元月．沉积物间隙水中CDOM光学特征与河口CDOM光化学反应研究[D]．厦门:厦门大学，2007.Cheng Yuanyue.The study on optical characteristics of CDOM in sediment pore waters and photochemistry of CDOM in estuarine waters[D].Xiamen:Xiamen University,2007
17 Reemtsma T,Bredow A,Gehring M.The nature and kinetics of organic matter release from soil by salt solutions[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1999,50(1):53-64
18黄爽兵，王焰新，曹菱，等．包气带土壤DOM三维荧光表征及砷污染的指示意义[J]．地球科学(中国地质大学学报)，2012,37(3):605-611Huang Shuangbing,Wang Yanxin,Cao Ling,et al.Characterization of DOM from soil in unsaturated zone andits implications on arsenic mobilization[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2012,37(3):605-611
19 Chantigny M H.Dissolved and water-extractable organic matter in soils:A review on the influence of land use and management practices[J].Geoderma,2003,113(3-4):357-380
20 Guigue J,Mathieu O,Leveque J,et al.A comparison of extraction procedures for water-extractable organic matter in soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2014,65(4):520-530
21 Rennert T,Gockel K F,Mansfeldt T.Extraction of water-soluble organic matter from mineral horizons of forest soils[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2007,170(4):514-521
22 Lerch T Z,Nunan N,Dignac M F,et al.Variations in microbial isotopic fractionation during soil organic matter decomposition[J].Biogeochemistry,2011,106(1):5-21
23 Toosi E R,Clinton P W,Beare M H,et al.Biodegradation of soluble organic matter as affected by land-useand soil depth[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2012,76(5):1667-1677
24 Jones D L,Willett V B.Experimental evaluation of methods to quantify dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(5):991-999
25 De H H,De B T.Applicability of light absorbance and fluorescence asmeasures of concentration and molecular size of dissolved organic carbon in humic lake Tjeukenmeer[J].Water Research,1987,21(6):731-734
26 Helms J R,Stubbins A,Ritchie J D,et al.Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight,source and photobleachingofchromophoric dissolved organic matter[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2008,53(3):955-969
27 Fuentes M,Gonzalez-Gaitano G,Garcia-Mina J M.The usefulness of UV-visible and fluorescencespectroscopies to study the chemical nature of humic substances from soils and composts[J].Organic Geochenmistry,2006,37(12):1949-1959
28 Glatzel S,Kalbitz K,Dalva M,et al.Dissolved organic matter properties and their relationship to carbon dioxide efflux from restored peat bogs[J].Geoderma,2003,113(3-4):397-411
29 Huguet A,Vacher L,Relexans S,et al.Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Gironde Esturary[J].Organic Geochemistry,2009,40(6):706-719
30 Hur J,Lee B M,Shin K H.Spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter isolates from sediments and the association with phenanthrene binding affinity[J].Chemosphere,2014,111:450-457
31 Leenheer J A,Croue J P.Peer reviewed:Characterizing aquatic dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2003,37(1):18A-26A
32 Wenk J,Von Gunten U,Canonica S.Effect of dissolved organic matter on the transformation of contaminants induced by excited triplet states and the hydroxy1 radical[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2011,45(4):1334-1340
33 Christensen J B,Jensen D L,Christensen T H.Effect of dissolved organic carbon on the mobility of cadmium nickel and zinc in leachate polluted groundwater[J].Water Research,1996,30(12):3037-3049
34王妍妍，黄爽兵，赵龙，等．江汉平原沙湖地区浅层含水层第四纪沉积环境演化[J]．地球科学，2017,42(5):751-760Wang Yanyan,Huang Shuangbing,Zhao Long,et al.Evolution of quaternary sedimentary environment in shallow aquifers at Shahu area,Jianghan plain[J].Earth Science,2017,42(5):751-760
35赵龙，韩占涛，孔祥科，等．直接推进钻探技术在污染场地调查中的应用进展[J]．南水北调与水利科技，2014(2):107-110Zhao Long,Han Zhantao,Kong Xiangke,et al.Application of direct push technology in the investigation of contaminated site[J].South to North Water Transfers and Water Science and Technology,2014(2):107-110
36 Cory R M,Mc Knight D M.Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals ubiquitouspresence of oxidized and reduced quinones in dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,39(21):8142-8149
37 Korshin G V,Li C W,Benjamin M M.Monitoring the properties of natural organic matter through UVspectroscopy:a consisitent theory[J].Water Research,1997,31(7):1787-1795
38 Murphy K R,Stedmon C A,Waite T D,et al.Distinguishing between terrestrial and autochthonous organic matter sources in marine environments using fluorescence spectroscopy[J].Marine Chemistry,2008,108(1-2):40-58
39 Stedmon C A,Markager S,Resolving the variability in dissolved organic matter fluorescence in a temperate estuary and its catchment using PARAFAC analysis[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2005,50(2):686-697
40 Yamashita Y,Jaffe R,Maie N,et al.Assessing the dynamics of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in coastalenvironments by excitation emission matrix fluorescence and parallel factoranalysis(EEM-PARAFAC)[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2008,53(5):1990-1908
41 Banaitis M R,Waldrip-Dail H,Diehl M S,et al.Investigating sorption-driven dissolved organic matter fractionation by multidimensional fluorescencespectroscopy and PARAFAC[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2006,304(1):271-276
42 Chapman P J,Williams B L,Hawkins A.Influence of temperature and vegetation cover on soluble inorganic and organic nitrogen in a spodoso[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33(7-8):1113-1121
43 Hedges J I,Mann D C.The lignin geochemistry of marine sediments from the southern Washington coast[J].Geochimica ET Cosmochimica Acta,1979,43(11):1809-1818
44李红梅，邓娅敏，罗莉威，等．江汉平原高砷含水层沉积物地球化学特征[J]．地质科技情报，2015,34(3):178-184Li Hongmei Deng Yamin,Luo Liwei,et al.Geochemistry of high arsenic shallow aquifers sediment of the Jianghan plain[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2015,34(3):178-184
45 Kjeldah1 J.Neue methode zur bestimmung des stickstoffs in organisch en k9rpern[J].Fresenius'Journal of Analytical Chemistry,1883,22(1):366-382
46 Huang S B,Wang Y X,Ma T,et al.Fluorescence spectroscopy revealsaccompanying occurrence of ammonium with fulvic acid-like organic matter in a fluvio-lacustrine aquifer of Jianghan Plain[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(9):8508-8517