烟台市售水果中18种杀菌剂类农药残留状况调查
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摘要
目的了解市售水果杀菌剂类农药残留的污染状况,为生产、监管、标准修订及风险评估提供依据。方法 2016年10月-2017年10月,于烟台4区7市的流通环节随机采集6类19种824份水果样本,按照《2016年国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》规定的标准操作程序检测18种杀菌剂。结果 6大类水果中杀菌剂残留总体检出率为40.17%,检出率大小为:浆果类>仁果类>热(亚热)带类>瓜果类>核果类>柑橘类。葡萄(81.48%)、香蕉(75.00%)、猕猴桃(55.17%)、草莓(52.08%)中检出率较高,而蜜柚、橙子、山竹、木瓜中未检出。主要残留10种杀菌剂,检出率大小为:多菌灵>甲基硫菌灵>嘧霉胺>苯醚甲环唑>烯酰吗啉>咪鲜胺>百菌清>腐霉利>甲霜灵>三唑酮。3份草莓中烯酰吗啉含量超过最大限量值,不合格率0.36%。15种水果中10种杀菌剂共464频次检出,苹果(293频次)、葡萄(51频次)、草莓(49频次)和猕猴桃(36频次)中较高;主要是多菌灵(248频次)、甲基硫菌灵(66频次)、嘧霉胺(54频次)的检出。单种水果存在多重残留,5种残留最多,占比0.36%。结论烟台市售水果中存在杀菌剂残留,单种水果存在多重残留现象,但不合格率仅为0.36%,总体处在安全水平。
Objective The aim of this study was to analyze contamination situation of fungicides in fruits sold in markets, and to provide scientific basis for guiding manufacture, supervision, development of related standards and dietary risk assessment.Methods 824 samples belonged to 6 categories and 19 kinds of fruits were randomly sampled from markets of 11 districts in Yantai from October 2016 to 2017. According to 2016 manual of China national food contamination and harmful factors risk monitoring, 18 kinds of fungicide residues were detected. Results The detection rate of fungicide residues in 6 categories of fruits was 40.17%. Berries, kernel fruit, fever(sub-fever), melon and fruit, stone fruit, citrus were arranged on the decreasing order by the detection rate of fungicide residues. The detection rate of fungicide residues of grapes, bananas, kiwi and strawberries were 81.48%, 75.00%, and 55.17%, 52.08% higher than other fruits, respectively. There were no fungicide residues in pomelo, orange, mangosteen and papaya. There were 10 kinds of fungicides detected in the samples, and the detection rate arranged on the decreasing order was carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, pyrimethanil, difenoconazole,dimethomorph, prochloraz, chlorothalonil, procymidone, metalaxyl and triadimenol. There was a 0.36% failure rate of fungicide residues content in all samples fruits. 10 kinds of fungicides were detected in 15 kinds of fruits with a frequency of464. Apples, grapes, strawberries and kiwi fruits had higher frequency. The mainly polluted fungicides were carbendazim,thiophanate-methyl and pyrimethanil. There were multiple fungicide residues in single fruit, and the most common five kinds of fungicide residues accounted for 9.22%. Conclusion There was relatively higher detection rate of fungicide residues in fruits sold in Yantai. Single fruit had multiple fungicide residues. The failure rate of fungicide residues content in all fruits samples was only 0.36%, suggesting a safe health risk level.
Objective The aim of this study was to analyze contamination situation of fungicides in fruits sold in markets, and to provide scientific basis for guiding manufacture, supervision, development of related standards and dietary risk assessment.Methods 824 samples belonged to 6 categories and 19 kinds of fruits were randomly sampled from markets of 11 districts in Yantai from October 2016 to 2017. According to 2016 manual of China national food contamination and harmful factors risk monitoring, 18 kinds of fungicide residues were detected. Results The detection rate of fungicide residues in 6 categories of fruits was 40.17%. Berries, kernel fruit, fever(sub-fever), melon and fruit, stone fruit, citrus were arranged on the decreasing order by the detection rate of fungicide residues. The detection rate of fungicide residues of grapes, bananas, kiwi and strawberries were 81.48%, 75.00%, and 55.17%, 52.08% higher than other fruits, respectively. There were no fungicide residues in pomelo, orange, mangosteen and papaya. There were 10 kinds of fungicides detected in the samples, and the detection rate arranged on the decreasing order was carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, pyrimethanil, difenoconazole,dimethomorph, prochloraz, chlorothalonil, procymidone, metalaxyl and triadimenol. There was a 0.36% failure rate of fungicide residues content in all samples fruits. 10 kinds of fungicides were detected in 15 kinds of fruits with a frequency of464. Apples, grapes, strawberries and kiwi fruits had higher frequency. The mainly polluted fungicides were carbendazim,thiophanate-methyl and pyrimethanil. There were multiple fungicide residues in single fruit, and the most common five kinds of fungicide residues accounted for 9.22%. Conclusion There was relatively higher detection rate of fungicide residues in fruits sold in Yantai. Single fruit had multiple fungicide residues. The failure rate of fungicide residues content in all fruits samples was only 0.36%, suggesting a safe health risk level.
引文
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[8]刘永明,葛娜,崔宗岩,等.2012-2014年青岛、深圳、大连三口岸282份进口水果和蔬菜中农药残留监测[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2016,28(4):511-515.
[9]国家食品安全风险评估中心.2016年国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册[M].北京:国家食品安全风险评估中心,2016:285-297.
[10]龚久平,杨俊英,柴勇,等.重庆市水果农药残留现状分析与质量安全建议[J].南方农业,2017,11(34):95-98.
[11] López-Fernández O, Rial-Otero R, Gonzalez-Barreiro C, et al.Surveillance of fungicidal dithiocarbamate residues in fruits and vegetables[J]. Food Chemistry, 2012, 134(1):366-374.
[12]于世锋,孙红艳,贾琦.2014-2016年西安市蔬菜水果农药残留状况分析[J].现代农业科技,2018,(4):113-116.
[13]韦文芳,梁春红,唐千淄,等.防城港市蔬菜水果农药残留分析与风险研究[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(11):103-106, 117.
[2] Lozowicka B, Hrynko I, Kaczynski PA, et al. Long-Term investigation and health risk assessment of multi-class fungicide residues in fruits[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2016, 25(2):681-697.
[3]余国新.中国城乡居民水果产品消费特点及影响因素分析[J].江西农业学报,2011,23(5):168-171.
[4]赵俊晔,武婕.2014-2023年中国水果市场形势展望[J].农业展望,2014,10(4):14-18.
[5]庞荣丽,成昕,谢汉忠,等.我国水果质量安全标准现状分析[J].果树学报,2016,33(5):612-623.
[6]刘刚,郭永抢.2014年山东省果品质量安全监测结果分析及对策[J].中国园艺文摘,2017,33(7):18-20.
[7]郭蓉,程国霞,王彩霞,等.陕西省蔬菜、水果、食用菌和袋泡茶农药残留调查[J].预防医学,2017,29(11):1158-1159, 1162.
[8]刘永明,葛娜,崔宗岩,等.2012-2014年青岛、深圳、大连三口岸282份进口水果和蔬菜中农药残留监测[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2016,28(4):511-515.
[9]国家食品安全风险评估中心.2016年国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册[M].北京:国家食品安全风险评估中心,2016:285-297.
[10]龚久平,杨俊英,柴勇,等.重庆市水果农药残留现状分析与质量安全建议[J].南方农业,2017,11(34):95-98.
[11] López-Fernández O, Rial-Otero R, Gonzalez-Barreiro C, et al.Surveillance of fungicidal dithiocarbamate residues in fruits and vegetables[J]. Food Chemistry, 2012, 134(1):366-374.
[12]于世锋,孙红艳,贾琦.2014-2016年西安市蔬菜水果农药残留状况分析[J].现代农业科技,2018,(4):113-116.
[13]韦文芳,梁春红,唐千淄,等.防城港市蔬菜水果农药残留分析与风险研究[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(11):103-106, 117.