秦岭山地历史文化名镇街巷空间风环境研究
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摘要
通过对秦岭山地历史文化名镇调查及街巷风环境实测,发现街巷风速较小、风速分布不均匀、总体风环境较差等现状问题。针对街巷两侧建筑界面形态、街巷宽度及街巷两侧建筑高度等要素,剖析了街巷尺度与风环境的作用关系。应用计算流体动力学模拟软件,分别以人感觉舒适风速的上下两个极限值及平均风速为初始条件,对不同高宽街巷进行风环境模拟。并采用夏季舒适风速比率、冬季舒适风速比率、静风区比率及风速均匀度等多个量化指标从不同角度对街巷内部风环境进行分析评价,确定了在秦岭山地历史文化名镇空间延展过程中具有舒适风环境的街巷尺度。
Through the investigation of the historical and cultural towns in the Qinling Mountains and the actual measurement of the street wind environment,it was found that the wind speed in streets was low,the wind speed distribution is uneven,and the overall wind environment was poor. According to the characteristics of the building interface on both sides of the street,the width of the street and the height of the buildings on both sides of the street,the relationship between the street scale and the wind environment was analyzed. Using the Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation software,the wind conditions of different high-width streets were simulated by using the upper and lower wind speed limit and the average wind speed of the human comfort wind speed as the initial conditions. The summer wind comfort speed ratio,winter wind comfort speed ratio,static wind ratio,and wind speed uniformity were used to analyze and evaluate the internal wind environment of the street from different angles. The street scale with a comfortable wind environment has been determined,in the process of the spatial extension of the historical and cultural towns in the Qinling Mountains.
Through the investigation of the historical and cultural towns in the Qinling Mountains and the actual measurement of the street wind environment,it was found that the wind speed in streets was low,the wind speed distribution is uneven,and the overall wind environment was poor. According to the characteristics of the building interface on both sides of the street,the width of the street and the height of the buildings on both sides of the street,the relationship between the street scale and the wind environment was analyzed. Using the Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation software,the wind conditions of different high-width streets were simulated by using the upper and lower wind speed limit and the average wind speed of the human comfort wind speed as the initial conditions. The summer wind comfort speed ratio,winter wind comfort speed ratio,static wind ratio,and wind speed uniformity were used to analyze and evaluate the internal wind environment of the street from different angles. The street scale with a comfortable wind environment has been determined,in the process of the spatial extension of the historical and cultural towns in the Qinling Mountains.
引文
[1]中国气象局气象信息中心气象资料室,清华大学建筑技术科学系.中国建筑热环境分析专用气象数据集[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[2]朱颖.建筑环境学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[3]柳孝图.建筑物理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[4]张华.江南水乡村镇住宅自然通风设计研究[D].南京:东南大学,2016.
[5] SOLIGO M J,IRWIN P A,WILLIAMS C J,et al. A Comprehensive Assessment of Pedestrian Comfort Including Thermal Effects[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1998,(98):753-766.
[6] MURAKAMI S,MORIKAWA Y. Criteria for Assessing WindInduced Discomfort Considering Temperature Effect[J].Journal of Architecture Planning&Engineering,1985(1):9-17.
[2]朱颖.建筑环境学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[3]柳孝图.建筑物理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[4]张华.江南水乡村镇住宅自然通风设计研究[D].南京:东南大学,2016.
[5] SOLIGO M J,IRWIN P A,WILLIAMS C J,et al. A Comprehensive Assessment of Pedestrian Comfort Including Thermal Effects[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1998,(98):753-766.
[6] MURAKAMI S,MORIKAWA Y. Criteria for Assessing WindInduced Discomfort Considering Temperature Effect[J].Journal of Architecture Planning&Engineering,1985(1):9-17.