318国道拉萨—日喀则段地质灾害特点与发育规律
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摘要
利用高分辨率遥感影像目视解译技术,结合野外调查,对318国道拉萨—日喀则段沿线两侧10 km范围内的崩塌、滑坡与泥石流地质灾害开展解译与调查,并分析其特点与发育规律。结合研究区高程、坡度、坡向与地层分布,统计了崩塌与滑坡的空间分布规律。结果表明:研究区内发育有79处崩塌、117处滑坡与133条泥石流沟。面积为0.01～0.1 km~2的崩塌有45处,崩塌高度主要在300 m以内,300～700 m崩塌体数量随高度增加而减少;面积为0.1～0.01 km~2滑坡有74处,包括一处面积大于10 km~2的巨型滑坡体,滑坡的高度主要集中在100～300 m,包括54处滑坡体;面积在1～10 km~2和10～100 km~2的泥石流沟分别为70条和39条。崩塌多发生在4.0～4.5 km高程、20°～30°坡度、南坡向、白垩纪(K)地层中,滑坡多发生在4.0～4.5 km高程、20°～30°坡度、NE坡向、三叠纪(T)地层中。
Combine high-resolution remote sensing image visual interpretation technology with field investigation,we carried out detailed interpretation and investigation of collapse,landslide and debris flow within 10 km on both sides along G318 Lhasa-Shigatse and analyzed their characteristics and developmental regularities. Then we calculated the spatial distribution regularities of collapse and landslide according to the elevation,slope,aspect and stratum distribution of the study area. The result showed that there are 329 places of disasters categories,among which there are 79 collapses,117 landslides,and 133 debris flows. There are 45 collapses with area in the range of 0.1～0.01 km~2,and the height of collapses is mainly within 300 m,while the collapses in the height of 300～700 m tends to decrease with height;74 landslides with area in the range of 0.1～0.01 km~2 developed,including a giant landslide with an area larger than 10 km~2,and there are 54 landslides in the height within 100～300 m.There are 70 and 39 debris flows with area in the range of 1～10 km~2 and 10～100 km~2,respectively. Collapses mostly occur in the strata with the elevation of 4.0～4.5 km,the slope of 20°～30°,south slope direction and Cretaceous(K). Landslides mostly occur in the strata with the elevation of 4.0～4.5 km,the slope of 20°～30°,NE slope direction and Triassic(T).
Combine high-resolution remote sensing image visual interpretation technology with field investigation,we carried out detailed interpretation and investigation of collapse,landslide and debris flow within 10 km on both sides along G318 Lhasa-Shigatse and analyzed their characteristics and developmental regularities. Then we calculated the spatial distribution regularities of collapse and landslide according to the elevation,slope,aspect and stratum distribution of the study area. The result showed that there are 329 places of disasters categories,among which there are 79 collapses,117 landslides,and 133 debris flows. There are 45 collapses with area in the range of 0.1～0.01 km~2,and the height of collapses is mainly within 300 m,while the collapses in the height of 300～700 m tends to decrease with height;74 landslides with area in the range of 0.1～0.01 km~2 developed,including a giant landslide with an area larger than 10 km~2,and there are 54 landslides in the height within 100～300 m.There are 70 and 39 debris flows with area in the range of 1～10 km~2 and 10～100 km~2,respectively. Collapses mostly occur in the strata with the elevation of 4.0～4.5 km,the slope of 20°～30°,south slope direction and Cretaceous(K). Landslides mostly occur in the strata with the elevation of 4.0～4.5 km,the slope of 20°～30°,NE slope direction and Triassic(T).
引文
邓起东.2004.中国活动断层分布图(1:400 万)[M].北京:科学出版社.
邓起东,冉勇康,杨晓平,等.2007.中国活动构造图(1:400万)[M].北京:地震出版社.
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焦国锋.2013.拉萨—日喀则铁路盆因拉隧道进口高边坡稳定性研究[J].铁道建设,(7):68-70.
欧阳华平.2010.遥感和GIS技术在西藏昌都县地质灾害调查与评价中的应用[D].长沙:中南大学.
彭建兵,马润勇,卢全中,等.2004.青藏高原隆升的地质灾害效应[J].地球科学进展,19(3):457-466.
强巴,钟建,张小刚.2015.西藏公路滑坡灾害治理工程的现状分析[J].西藏科技,(7):63-65.
孙妍,陈海云,张志,等.2014.G318拉萨—日喀则沿线地质灾害分布规律及其影响因素[J].自然灾害学报,23(4):111-119.
汤明高,傅涛,张维科,等.2012.西藏G318典型地质灾害成因机制及防治对策[J].公路交通科技,29(5):30-36.
王永斌.2009.藏中南日喀则地区南木林县主要地质灾害类型浅析[J].甘肃地质,18(1):71-75.
王治华.1999.滑坡,泥石流遥感回顾与新技术展望[J].国土资源遥感,3(10):1-22.
谢程.2008.新建铁路青藏线拉萨至日喀则段峡谷区滑坡危害区划研究[J].甘肃科技,24(20):123-126.
许冲,徐锡伟.2014.21世纪初几次大地震事件触发滑坡基础数据建设[J].地震地质,36(1):90-104.
姚杰.2011.西藏地区国道318线泥石流灾害分析与防治措施[D].重庆:重庆交通大学.
于晓东.2010.拉萨至日喀则铁路地质灾害特征与防治措施浅析[J].甘肃科技,26(10):28-29.
Dai Z L,Wang F W,Cheng Q R,et al.2019.A giant historical landslide on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,78(3):2055-2068.
Ge Y G,Cui P,Zhang J Q,et al.2014.Case history of the disastrous debris flows of Tianmo Watershed in Bomi County,Tibet,China:Some mitigation suggestions[J].Journal of Mountain Science,11(5):1253-1265.
Wei R Q,Zeng Q L,Tim D,et al.2018.Yuan Guangxiang,Wang Kaiyang,Xue Xinyu,Yin Qianfeng.Geohazard cascade and mechanism of large debris flows in Tianmo gully,SE Tibetan Plateau and implications to hazard monitoring[J].Engineering Geology,233:172-182.
DD 2011—03,遥感地质解译方法指南(5万、25万)[S].
DZ/T 0261—2014,滑坡崩塌泥石流灾害调查规范(1:50000)[S].
(1)西藏自治区地震局工程地震研究所.2001.西藏米林机场场地地震安全性评价报告.
(2)西藏自治区地震局工程地震研究所.2005.拉萨河干流中游段旁多、卡多、布嘎、扎雪水电站工程地震安全性评价报告.
邓起东,冉勇康,杨晓平,等.2007.中国活动构造图(1:400万)[M].北京:地震出版社.
郭佳宁,山克强,程捷.2009.藏东南地区滑坡发育规律分析[J].资源与产业,11(2):132-139.
焦国锋.2013.拉萨—日喀则铁路盆因拉隧道进口高边坡稳定性研究[J].铁道建设,(7):68-70.
欧阳华平.2010.遥感和GIS技术在西藏昌都县地质灾害调查与评价中的应用[D].长沙:中南大学.
彭建兵,马润勇,卢全中,等.2004.青藏高原隆升的地质灾害效应[J].地球科学进展,19(3):457-466.
强巴,钟建,张小刚.2015.西藏公路滑坡灾害治理工程的现状分析[J].西藏科技,(7):63-65.
孙妍,陈海云,张志,等.2014.G318拉萨—日喀则沿线地质灾害分布规律及其影响因素[J].自然灾害学报,23(4):111-119.
汤明高,傅涛,张维科,等.2012.西藏G318典型地质灾害成因机制及防治对策[J].公路交通科技,29(5):30-36.
王永斌.2009.藏中南日喀则地区南木林县主要地质灾害类型浅析[J].甘肃地质,18(1):71-75.
王治华.1999.滑坡,泥石流遥感回顾与新技术展望[J].国土资源遥感,3(10):1-22.
谢程.2008.新建铁路青藏线拉萨至日喀则段峡谷区滑坡危害区划研究[J].甘肃科技,24(20):123-126.
许冲,徐锡伟.2014.21世纪初几次大地震事件触发滑坡基础数据建设[J].地震地质,36(1):90-104.
姚杰.2011.西藏地区国道318线泥石流灾害分析与防治措施[D].重庆:重庆交通大学.
于晓东.2010.拉萨至日喀则铁路地质灾害特征与防治措施浅析[J].甘肃科技,26(10):28-29.
Dai Z L,Wang F W,Cheng Q R,et al.2019.A giant historical landslide on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,78(3):2055-2068.
Ge Y G,Cui P,Zhang J Q,et al.2014.Case history of the disastrous debris flows of Tianmo Watershed in Bomi County,Tibet,China:Some mitigation suggestions[J].Journal of Mountain Science,11(5):1253-1265.
Wei R Q,Zeng Q L,Tim D,et al.2018.Yuan Guangxiang,Wang Kaiyang,Xue Xinyu,Yin Qianfeng.Geohazard cascade and mechanism of large debris flows in Tianmo gully,SE Tibetan Plateau and implications to hazard monitoring[J].Engineering Geology,233:172-182.
DD 2011—03,遥感地质解译方法指南(5万、25万)[S].
DZ/T 0261—2014,滑坡崩塌泥石流灾害调查规范(1:50000)[S].
(1)西藏自治区地震局工程地震研究所.2001.西藏米林机场场地地震安全性评价报告.
(2)西藏自治区地震局工程地震研究所.2005.拉萨河干流中游段旁多、卡多、布嘎、扎雪水电站工程地震安全性评价报告.