2017年赣州市农村环境卫生监测结果分析
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摘要
目的了解赣州市农村环境卫生状况,为防治农村环境污染提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,选取赣州市5个县(市),25个乡镇,100个行政村进行环境监测,每个行政村采集一份土壤样本(共100份)进行检测,每个村选取5户家庭(共500户)进行入户调查。通过查阅资料、访谈、现场观察、入户调查,实验室检测等方法获得相关数据。结果病媒生物灭杀情况较差,91%的监测村未开展任何"灭四害"的工作;89.0%户的居民房屋周围有病媒生物孳生地,63.20%户的厨房内发现鼠迹,87.20%的厨房内发现苍蝇;共调查49所学校,30所学校配有卫生室,有专(兼)职传染病疫情报告人员的学校48所,所有学校均未配备卫生专业技术人员和未建学生健康档案;采样土壤pH平均为5.87±1.27,铅含量为(27.50±18.32)mg/kg,镉含量(10.14±0.142)mg/kg,铬含量(57.55±32.08)mg/kg,8%的采样点达到了污染警戒线。结论赣州市农村病媒生物的灭杀工作以及学校卫生工作亟待加强,部分地区重金属污染值得警惕。
Objective To understand the rural environmental hygiene situation in Ganzhou City and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of rural environmental pollution.Methods 100 administrative villages from 25 townships of 5 countries were selected as monitoring points by stratified random sampling.A sample of soil(100 in total)for testing was collected in each administrative village,and 5 households of each administrative village(500 in total)were randomly selected to conduct household surveys.Data review,interviews,field observation,household survey and laboratory testing were carried out to collect the related date.Results The work of killing vector biology was not effective,and 91% of the monitoring villages have not carried out any work to eliminate the four pests.89.0% of households were surrounded by breeding sites of vector biology.63.20% of the kitchen had rat trails,and 87.20% had flies.A total of 49 schools were surveyed.30 schools were equipped with health clinics,and 48 schools had special(or part-time)infectious disease epidemic reporting personnel.All schools were not equipped with health professionals and unbuilt student health records.The average pH of the sampled soil was 5.87±1.27,with the lead content in the soil of 27.50±18.32 mg/kg,the cadmium of 10.14±0.142 mg/kg,the chromium of 57.55±32.08 mg/kg,and 8% of the monitoring villages reached the soil pollution warning line.Conclusion The rural environmental sanitation situation in Ganzhou City is not optimistic.The work of killing vector in the rural area of Ganzhou City and the health work of schools need to be strengthened.Heavy metal pollution in some areas is worthy of vigilance.
Objective To understand the rural environmental hygiene situation in Ganzhou City and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of rural environmental pollution.Methods 100 administrative villages from 25 townships of 5 countries were selected as monitoring points by stratified random sampling.A sample of soil(100 in total)for testing was collected in each administrative village,and 5 households of each administrative village(500 in total)were randomly selected to conduct household surveys.Data review,interviews,field observation,household survey and laboratory testing were carried out to collect the related date.Results The work of killing vector biology was not effective,and 91% of the monitoring villages have not carried out any work to eliminate the four pests.89.0% of households were surrounded by breeding sites of vector biology.63.20% of the kitchen had rat trails,and 87.20% had flies.A total of 49 schools were surveyed.30 schools were equipped with health clinics,and 48 schools had special(or part-time)infectious disease epidemic reporting personnel.All schools were not equipped with health professionals and unbuilt student health records.The average pH of the sampled soil was 5.87±1.27,with the lead content in the soil of 27.50±18.32 mg/kg,the cadmium of 10.14±0.142 mg/kg,the chromium of 57.55±32.08 mg/kg,and 8% of the monitoring villages reached the soil pollution warning line.Conclusion The rural environmental sanitation situation in Ganzhou City is not optimistic.The work of killing vector in the rural area of Ganzhou City and the health work of schools need to be strengthened.Heavy metal pollution in some areas is worthy of vigilance.
引文
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[10] 刘丹,赵永红,周丹,等.赣南某钨矿区土壤重金属污染生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2017,36(7):1556-1567.
[2] Benelli G,Mehlhorn H.Declining malaria,rising of dengue and Zika virus:insights for mosquito vector control[J].Parasitology Research,2016,115(5):1747-1754.
[3] 刘起勇.我国病媒生物监测与控制现状分析及展望[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015(2):109-113,126.
[4] 马德珍.2015年泰安市农村环境卫生监测结果分析[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(21):4022-4026.
[5] 谢丽丽,王东海,郑建刚.2016年江西省农村环境卫生相关居民行为方式调查[J].现代预防医学,2017(24):4433-4436.
[6] 卢利亚.农村留守儿童心理症候探析[J].求索,2016(11):57-61.
[7] 吉园依,张宇,殷菲,等.四川省农村留守儿童抑郁症状及其与自尊及社会支持的关系研究[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(2):239-242.
[8] Rehman K,Fatima F,Waheed I,et al.Prevalence of exposure of heavy metals and their impact on health Consequences[J].Journal of Cellular Biochemistry,2018,119(1):157-184.
[9] 贺灵,曾道明,魏华玲,等.赣南脐橙种植区典型果园土壤重金属元素评价[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(2):292-297.
[10] 刘丹,赵永红,周丹,等.赣南某钨矿区土壤重金属污染生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2017,36(7):1556-1567.
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