黄土高原湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估——以陕西省千湖国家湿地公园为例
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摘要
[目的]对黄土高原湿地生态系统服务价值进行科学估算,以保障该区域湿地的生态服务功能,为制定区域生态保护和生态补偿政策提供科学支撑。[方法]以陕西省千湖国家湿地公园为研究对象,结合千湖湿地基本数据和其他相关资料,将千湖国家湿地公园生态系统服务功能价值分为直接使用价值和间接使用价值,包括物质生产,气体调节和水源涵养等7项具体的生态系统服务价值;采用市场价值法、影子工程法和碳税法等方法,对各项生态系统服务价值进行估算。[结果]在千湖湿地各项生态功能服务价值中,气体调节服务价值最高,为2.90×10~8元/a,占总价值的87.5%,其次为科研文化服务价值为1.90×10~7元/a,占总价值的5.73%,而水质净化价值最低为3.00×10~5元/a,占总价值的0.09%,单位面积生态服务价值约为7.90×10~5元/hm~2,小于同样位于陕西省的洽川湿地单位面积生态服务价值量。[结论]陕西省千湖国家湿地公园生态系统服务功能总价值约为3.30×10~8元,间接服务价值约为总价值的90.5%,直接服务价值约为总价值的9.5%。
[Objective] The ecological system service value of wetlands in Loess Plateau was evaluated scienti-fically in order to preserve the wetland ecological service, and to formulate a complete ecological conservation and compensation policy in Loess Plateau. [Methods] Based on fundamental data and other relevant data in Qianhu National Wetland Park, Shaanxi Province, direct and indirect usage values, including air regulation, water storage and retention and others 7 items of ecosystem service values were divided into estimated by methods of market-price, shadow-price and carbon tax, and so on. [Results] Among all the ecological system service values, air regulation service had the highest value which accounted for 87.5% of total ecological system service value; followed by cultural use, which accounted for 5.73% of total service value. The water purification service had the lowest value, which only counted for 0.09%. The system service value went up about 7.90×10~5 yuan per hectare, which was smaller than that of Hechuan Wetland, another wetland located in Shaanxi Province. [Conclusion] The total value of the ecosystem service functions were about 3.30×10~8 yuan. The indirect use value of ecosystem service accounted for 90.5%, which was markedly higher than that of the direct use value(9.5%).
[Objective] The ecological system service value of wetlands in Loess Plateau was evaluated scienti-fically in order to preserve the wetland ecological service, and to formulate a complete ecological conservation and compensation policy in Loess Plateau. [Methods] Based on fundamental data and other relevant data in Qianhu National Wetland Park, Shaanxi Province, direct and indirect usage values, including air regulation, water storage and retention and others 7 items of ecosystem service values were divided into estimated by methods of market-price, shadow-price and carbon tax, and so on. [Results] Among all the ecological system service values, air regulation service had the highest value which accounted for 87.5% of total ecological system service value; followed by cultural use, which accounted for 5.73% of total service value. The water purification service had the lowest value, which only counted for 0.09%. The system service value went up about 7.90×10~5 yuan per hectare, which was smaller than that of Hechuan Wetland, another wetland located in Shaanxi Province. [Conclusion] The total value of the ecosystem service functions were about 3.30×10~8 yuan. The indirect use value of ecosystem service accounted for 90.5%, which was markedly higher than that of the direct use value(9.5%).
引文
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[30] 郭华,陈勇,李高民,等.冯家山水库水质变化及其成因分析[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2011,9(5):31-35.
[31] 谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196.
[32] 陈翠,刘贤安,闫丽丽,等.四川南河国家湿地公园生态系统服务价值评估[J].湿地科学,2018,16(2):238-243.
[33] 江波,陈媛媛,饶恩明,等.博斯腾湖生态系统最终服务价值评估[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(4):1113-1120.
[2] 刘永杰,王世畅,彭皓,等.神农架自然保护区森林生态系统服务价值评估[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1431-1438.
[3] 陈春阳,陶泽兴,王焕炯,等.三江源地区草地生态系统服务价值评估[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(7):978-984.
[4] 石惠春,师晓娟,刘鹿,等.兰州城市生态系统服务价值评估方法与结果比较[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(2):30-35.
[5] Liu S,Costanza R,Troy A.et al.Valuing New Jersey’s ecosystem services and natural capital:A spatially explicit benefit transfer approach[J].Environmental Management,2010,45(6):1271-1285.
[6] 李文华.生态系统服务功能价值评估的理论、方法与应用[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008.
[7] 毛德华,吴峰,李景保.洞庭湖湿地生态系统服务价值评估与生态恢复对策[J].湿地科学,2007,5(1):39-44.
[8] 崔丽娟.鄱阳湖湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估研究[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(4):47-51.
[9] 王磊,何冬梅,江浩,等.江苏滨海湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].生态科学,2016,35(5):169-175.
[10] 张翼然,周德民,刘苗.中国内陆湿地生态系统服务价值评估:以71个湿地案例点为数据源[J].生态学报,2015,35(13):4279-4286.
[11] 宫晓琳,赵冰,弓弼,等.陕西省湿地生态系统服务价值初步评估[J].湿地科学2017,15(6):871-874.
[12] Fang Lan,Wang Hao,Yuan Yuan.et al.The use and non-use values of ecosystem services for Hechuan Wetland[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2015,6(5):302-309.
[13] 刘钊,常庆瑞,赵业婷,等.关中地区生态系统服务价值动态探析[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2013,41(10):205-213.
[14] 张新兵,王荣,何婧,等.河流性湿地公园植物景观设计初探:以陕西千湖国家湿地公园为例[J].湿地科学与管理.2016,12(1):8-11.
[15] 张新兵.黄土高原河流湿地生态恢复设计研究:以陕西千湖国家湿地公园为例[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2015.
[16] 吕江鱼,张新兵,卜书海,等.陕西千湖湿地综合考察与研究[M].陕西西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2014.
[17] 田润炜,蔡新斌,买尔燕古丽·阿不都热合曼,等.新疆阿勒泰科克苏湿地自然保护区生态服务价值评价[J].湿地科学.2013,13(4):491-494.
[18] 庄大昌,丁登山,董明辉.洞庭湖湿地资源退化的生态经济损益评估[J].地理科学,2003,23(6):680-685.
[19] 许晓峰,李富强,孟斌.资源资产化管理与可持续发展[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,1999.
[20] 彭建,王仰麟,陈燕飞,等.城市生态系统服务功能价值评估初探:以深圳市为例[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2005,41(4):594-604.
[21] 张素珍,李晓粤,李贵宝.湿地生态系统服务功能及价值评估[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(6):125-128.
[22] 刘红玉,吕宪国,刘振乾,等.辽河三角洲湿地资源与区域持续发展[J].地理科学,2000,20(6):545-551.
[23] Woodward R T,Wui Y S.The economic value of wetland services:A meta-analysis [J].Ecological Economics,2001,37(2):257-270.
[24] 辛琨,肖笃宁.盘锦地区湿地生态系统服务功能价值估算[J].生态学报,2002,22(8):1345-1349.
[25] 崔保山,杨志峰.吉林省典型湿地资源效益评价研究[J].资源科学,2001,23(3):55-61.
[26] 王浩.洽川湿地生态系统服务价值评估[D].陕西西安:陕西师范大学,2016.
[27] 欧阳志云,赵同谦,王效科,等.水生态服务功能分析及其间接价值评价[J].生态学报,2004,24(10):2091-2099.
[28] 易文利.宝鸡千和流域水质分析与评价[J].河南科学,2010,28(10):1327-1330.
[29] 张修峰,刘正文,谢贻发,等.城市湖泊退化过程中水生态系统服务功能价值演变评估:以肇庆仙女湖为例[J].生态学报,2007,27(6):2349-2354.
[30] 郭华,陈勇,李高民,等.冯家山水库水质变化及其成因分析[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2011,9(5):31-35.
[31] 谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196.
[32] 陈翠,刘贤安,闫丽丽,等.四川南河国家湿地公园生态系统服务价值评估[J].湿地科学,2018,16(2):238-243.
[33] 江波,陈媛媛,饶恩明,等.博斯腾湖生态系统最终服务价值评估[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(4):1113-1120.