盐胁迫对西南卫矛生长及光合特性的影响
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摘要
以西南卫矛(Euonymus hamiltonianus Wall. ex Roxb.)为试材,设置4个NaCl质量浓度(0、2.0、4.0、6.0 g·L~(-1))处理,通过对其叶片光合气体交换参数(净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和细胞间CO_2浓度)、生物量、相对电导率、叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光动力学特征的测定,分析了盐胁迫对西南卫矛生长与光合特性的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,2.0、4.0、6.0 g·L~(-1)盐浓度处理下西南卫矛净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、气孔限制值和水分利用效率显著降低,胞间二氧化碳浓度显著升高,叶片最大光化学效率和单位面积有活性的反应中心数目均显著降低,OJIL曲线中K点和J点均大幅上升,叶绿素含量显著降低;2.0 g·L~(-1)盐浓度处理下西南卫矛根冠比和相对电导率与对照差异均不显著,而4.0、6.0 g·L~(-1)盐浓度处理下西南卫矛根冠比和相对电导率显著升高。表明西南卫矛对低浓度盐胁迫有一定的耐受能力,但高浓度盐胁迫会对西南卫矛造成影响,抑制PSⅡ活性,降低光化学效率,降低植株对营养物质的吸收和利用,使植株的生长受到阻碍甚至死亡。
A potted experiment was conducted to explore the effects of salt stress on seedling growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Euonymus hamiltonianus. The biennial seedlings were exposed to different contents of NaCl solutions(0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 g·L~(-1)) for 30 days. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters [i.e. net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr), stomatal conductance(Gs) and intercellular CO_2 concentration(Ci)], biomass properties, relative electrical conductivity, pigment contents and kinetic characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence were measured, aiming to investigate the adaptation mechanism to salt stress of E. hamiltonianus. The results showed that: Compared with CK, salt stress induced a significant decrease of Pn, Tr, Gs, limiting value of stomata(Ls) and water use efficiency(WUE), whereas it caused by a marked increase of Ci under different NaCl solutions in E. seedlings. The maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m) and the number of active reaction centers per unit area(RC/CS_m) in the blade were reduced under saline treatments compared to that of in the controls, and both of the F_v/F_m and RC/CS_m got significant differences. The points of K to J in the OJIL curve were increased and reached markedly differences, while the pigments contents were significantly decreased, induced by the salt conditions. Besides, compared with CK, the root-shoot ratio(R/S) and Ec had no obvious difference in the treatment of 2.0 g·L~(-1), while they were significantly higher in treatments of 4.0, 6.0 g·L~(-1). In conclusions, from the above results we could conclude that E. hamiltonianus had cer-tain tolerance to low concentration of salt stress, but higher NaCl concentration could suppressed seedling growth for it inhibited the activity of PSⅡ, reduced photosyntheticperformance and use efficiency of mineral nutrients, resulting in a poor growth and even death of the plants.
A potted experiment was conducted to explore the effects of salt stress on seedling growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Euonymus hamiltonianus. The biennial seedlings were exposed to different contents of NaCl solutions(0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 g·L~(-1)) for 30 days. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters [i.e. net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr), stomatal conductance(Gs) and intercellular CO_2 concentration(Ci)], biomass properties, relative electrical conductivity, pigment contents and kinetic characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence were measured, aiming to investigate the adaptation mechanism to salt stress of E. hamiltonianus. The results showed that: Compared with CK, salt stress induced a significant decrease of Pn, Tr, Gs, limiting value of stomata(Ls) and water use efficiency(WUE), whereas it caused by a marked increase of Ci under different NaCl solutions in E. seedlings. The maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m) and the number of active reaction centers per unit area(RC/CS_m) in the blade were reduced under saline treatments compared to that of in the controls, and both of the F_v/F_m and RC/CS_m got significant differences. The points of K to J in the OJIL curve were increased and reached markedly differences, while the pigments contents were significantly decreased, induced by the salt conditions. Besides, compared with CK, the root-shoot ratio(R/S) and Ec had no obvious difference in the treatment of 2.0 g·L~(-1), while they were significantly higher in treatments of 4.0, 6.0 g·L~(-1). In conclusions, from the above results we could conclude that E. hamiltonianus had cer-tain tolerance to low concentration of salt stress, but higher NaCl concentration could suppressed seedling growth for it inhibited the activity of PSⅡ, reduced photosyntheticperformance and use efficiency of mineral nutrients, resulting in a poor growth and even death of the plants.
引文
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[2] 褚冰倩,乔文峰.土壤盐碱化成因及改良措施[J].现代农业科技,2011,14 (1):309-311.CHU Bingqian,QIAO Wenfeng.Causes and improvement measures of soil salinization [J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2011,14 (1):309-311.
[3] 吕庆,郑荣梁.干旱及活性氧引起小麦膜脂过氧化与脱酯化[J].中国科学(C辑),1996,26(1):26-30.LYU Qing,ZHENG Rongliang.Membrane lipid peroxidation and desertification in wheat induced by drought and reactive oxygen species[J].Science in China (Series C),1996,26(1):26-30.
[4] 刘宛,胡文玉,谢甫绨,等.NaCl胁迫及外源自由基对离体小麦叶片O2-和膜脂质过氧化的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,1995,31(1):26-29.LIU Wan,HU Wenyu,XIE Fudi,et al.Effects of NaCI-stress and exogenous free radical on oxygen free radical and membrane lipid peroxidation of isolated wheat laves [J].Plant Physiology Journal,1995,31(1):26-29.
[5] 肖雯,贾恢先,蒲陆梅.几种盐生植物抗盐生理指标的研究[J].西北植物学报,2000,20(5):818-825.XIAO Wen,JIA Huixian,PU Lumei.Studies on physiological index of some halophytes [J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2000,20(5):818-825.
[6] 李晓燕,宋占午,董志贤.植物的盐胁迫生理[J].西北师范大学学报,2004,40(3):106-111.LI Xiaoyan,SONG Zhanwu,DONG Zhixian.Plant physiological response to salt stress [J].Journal of Northwest Normal University,2004,40(3):106-111.
[7] 倪秀珍,张强.抗盐植物研究进展[J].特产研究,2004,26(4):58-62.NI Xiuzhen,ZHANG Qiang.The research progress on the salt and alkali resistance plant [J].Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research,2004,26(4):58-62.
[8] 韩志平,郭世荣,冯吉庆,等.盐胁迫对西瓜幼苗生长、叶片光合色素和脯氨酸含量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2008,31(2):32-36.HAN Zhiping,GUO Shirong,FENG Jiqing,et al.Effect of salinity on plant growth,photosynthetic pigments and proline content in leaves of watermelon seedlings [J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2008,31(2):32-36.
[9] 秦玲,康文怀,齐艳玲,等.盐胁迫对酿酒葡萄叶片细胞结构及光合特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(20):4233-4241.QIN Ling,KANG Wenhuai,QI Yanling,et al.Effects of salt stress on mesophyll cell structures and photosynthetic characteristics in leaves of wine grape (Vitis spp.) [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(20):4233-4241.
[10] 潘瑞炽.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001:59-62.PAN Ruizhi.Plant physiology [M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2001:59-62.
[11] 李宏,邓江宇,张振春,等.盐胁迫对盐桦幼树光合特性的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(2):213-217.LI Hong,DENG Jiangyu,ZHANG Zhenchun,et al.Influence of salt stress on physiological adaptability of young Betula halophila trees [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2010,47(2):213-217.
[12] 葛江丽,石雷,谷卫彬,等.盐胁迫条件下甜高粱幼苗的光合特性及光系统Ⅱ功能调节[J].作物学报,2007,33(8):1272-1278.GE Jiangli,SHI Lei,GU Weibin,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics and the regulation of photosystem Ⅱ function in salt-stressed sweet sorghum seedlings [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2007,33(8):1272-1278.
[13] 刘强,王庆成,王占武.叶绿素荧光动力学参数作为植物抗盐性评价指标的有效性[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(21):37-38.LIU Qiang,WANG Qingcheng,WANG Zhanwu.Effectiveness of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters as evaluation index for salt tolerance of plant [J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2014,41(21):37-38.
[14] 张守仁.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):444-448.ZHANG Shouren.A discussion on chlorophyⅡ fluorescence kinetics parameter and their significance [J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,1999,16(4):444-448.
[15] 张会慧,田褀,刘关君,等.转2-Cys Prx基因烟草抗氧化酶和PSⅡ电子传递对盐和光胁迫的响应[J].作物学报,2013,39(11):2023-2029.ZHANG Huihui,TIAN Qi,LIU Guanjun,et al.Responses of antioxidant enzyme and PSⅡ electron transport in leaf of transgenic tobacco carrying 2-Cys Prx to salt and light stresses [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(11):2023-2029.
[16] 李鹏民,高辉远,STRASSER R J.快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学分析在光合作用研究中的应用[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2005,31(6):559-566.LI Pengmin,GAO Huiyuan,STRASSER R J.Application of the fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction dynamics analysis in photosynthesis study [J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2005,31(6):559-566.
[17] ACHENBACH L,BRIX H.Monitoring the short-term response to salt exposure of two genetically distinct Phragmites australis clones with different salinity tolerance levels [J].American Journal of Plant Sciences,2015,5(8):1098-1109
[18] 许振伟,宋慧佳,李明燕,等.不同生态型芦苇种群对盐胁迫的生长和光合特性研究[J].生态学报,2019(2):1-7.XU Zhenwei,SONG Huijia,LI Mingyan,et al.Different adaptions of physiological ecology between estuarine and landlocked reeds in different salinities [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019(2):1-7.
[19] STRASSER R J,TSIMILL-MICHAEL M,SRIVASTAVA A.Analysis of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient.[J].Springer Netherlands,2004,19(1):321-362.
[20] 吴长艾,孟庆伟,邹琦,等.小麦不同品种叶片对光氧化胁迫响应的比较研究[J].作物学报,2003(03):339-344.WU Changai,MENG Qingwei,ZOU Qi,et al.Comparative study on the photooxidative response in different wheat cultivar leaves [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2003,29(3):339-344
[21] KRAUSE G H,WEIS E.Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis:the basics [J].Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,1991,42(42):319-349
[22] MAXWELL K,JOHNSON G N.Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide [J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2000,51(345):659-668
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