中国铬资源全球布局分析
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摘要
铬是中国重要的战略性矿产之一,近年来铬的表观消费量不断攀升而国内供应严重不足,供需缺口急剧增大的现状迫使中国企业要"走出去"布局境外资源,而布局国家及布局方式的选定是解决这一问题的核心。本文以布局过程所涉及的东道国选择、企业在当地的建设、运营、运输等环节为依托建立指标,通过定量评价及定性分析相结合的方法,对东道国的矿产资源禀赋及开采、经济建设水平、政治稳定性、矿业市场环境等进行综合评价,最终根据评价结果将南非、哈萨克斯坦划分为一级布局区,土耳其划分为二级布局区,芬兰划分为三级布局区,并给出相应的布局方式建议。
Chromium is an important strategic mineral in China.In recent years,the apparent consumption of chromium has been rising and the domestic supply is seriously insufficient.The current situation of sharp increase in supply and demand has forced Chinese enterprises into going out to obtain overseas resources.The choice of the host country and method is the core to solve this problem.In this paper,the establishment of evaluation indicators is based on the choice of the host country,and the construction,operation and transportation of the enterprise in the local area.We analyze the mineral resources endowment and mining,economic construction level,politics of the host country and market condition through the combination of quantitative and qualitative evaluation.According to the results,South Africa and Kazakhstan are divided into first-level layout areas,Turkey are divided into two-level layout areas,Finland are divided into threelevel layout area,and finally give the corresponding recommendations.
Chromium is an important strategic mineral in China.In recent years,the apparent consumption of chromium has been rising and the domestic supply is seriously insufficient.The current situation of sharp increase in supply and demand has forced Chinese enterprises into going out to obtain overseas resources.The choice of the host country and method is the core to solve this problem.In this paper,the establishment of evaluation indicators is based on the choice of the host country,and the construction,operation and transportation of the enterprise in the local area.We analyze the mineral resources endowment and mining,economic construction level,politics of the host country and market condition through the combination of quantitative and qualitative evaluation.According to the results,South Africa and Kazakhstan are divided into first-level layout areas,Turkey are divided into two-level layout areas,Finland are divided into threelevel layout area,and finally give the corresponding recommendations.
引文
[1]刘全文,沙景华,闫晶晶,等.中国铬资源供应风险评价与对策研究[J].资源科学,2018,40(3):516-525.LIU Quanwen,SHA Jinghua,YAN Jingjing,et al.Risk assessment and countermeasures of chromium resource supply in China[J].Resources Science,2018,40(3):516-525.
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[3]肖常先.东南亚矿业投资环境评价-以缅甸为例[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.
[4]张美丽.中国对外铝矿直接投资的区位选择研究[D].北京:北方工业大学,2012.
[5]郑明贵,胡志亮.海外矿业投资环境风险评价研究[J].黄金科学技术,2018,26(5):596-604.ZHENG Minggui,HU Zhiliang.Study on environmental risk evaluation of overseas mining investment[J].Gold Science and Technology,2018,26(5):596-604.
[6]薛红肖,王琦.基于层次分析法的海外矿业投资风险评价[J].中国矿业,2018,27(6):53-56.XUE Hongxiao,WANG Qi.Risk assessment of overseas mining investment based on the AHP method[J].China Mining Magazine,2018,27(6):53-56.
[7]何哲峰,蒋荣宝,刘树臣.我国铬铁矿资源安全分析[J].中国矿业,2016,25(6):7-11,29.HE Zhefeng,JIANG Rongbao,LIU Shuchen.Analysis of chromite ore resources security in China[J].China Mining Magazine,2016,25(6):7-11,29.
[8]曾祥婷,元春华,许虹,等.世界铬矿开发现状及投资建议[J].中国矿业,2015,24(8):16-22.ZENG Xiangting,YUAN Chunhua,XU Hong,et al.Development status quo of the world chromite resources and investment suggestion[J].China Mining Magazine,2015,24(8):16-22.
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[10]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所.全国重要矿产资源潜力评价成果应用:资源潜力评价与选区研究:铬铁矿[R].2012.
[11]刘璇,陈其慎,张艳飞,等.中国铬需求预测及资源供应安全态势分析[J].资源科学,2015,37(5):933-943.LIU Xuan,CHEN Qishen,ZHANG Yanfei,et al.Chinese chromium demand forecasting and resource supply security[J].Resources Science,2015,37(5):933-943.
[12]柳德荣.区域经济因素对外商在华直接投资区位选择的影响[J].中南大学学报:社会科学版,2005,11(2):227-231.LIU Derong.The influence of regional economic factors on the location selection of foreign direct investment in China[J].Journal of Central South University:Social Sciences,2005,11(2):227-231.
[13]LU Hui,ROHR Charlene,HAFNER Marco,et al.China Belt and Road Initiative:measuring the impact of improving transportation connectivity on trade in the region[R/OL].https:∥www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2625.html.
[14]SHEPHERD Ben,RAMONETTE B.Serafica,BAYHAQIAkhmad,et al.The trade impact of enhanced multimodal connectivity in the Asia-Pacific region[J].Journal of Economic Integration,2011,26(4):624-650.
[15]海外矿投网.中企海外矿业投资十大失败案例!警醒,以史为鉴![EB/OL].http:∥mini.eastday.com/a/171014132106495-8.html.
[16]腾讯网.地质奇迹之布什维尔德杂岩体[EB/OL].https:∥new.qq.com/omn/20180111/20180111G0XCEP.html.
[17]王华春,郑伟.南非矿业投资法律制度概述[J].中国国土资源经济,2013,26(7):57-62.WANG Huachun,ZHENG Wei.Overview of legal system of mining investment in South Africa[J].Natural Resource Economics of China,2013,26(7):57-62.
[18]宋国明,胡建辉.哈萨克斯坦矿产资源开发与管理[J].世界有色金属,2012(11):60-63.SONG Guoming,HU Jianhui.Development and management of mineral resources in Kazakhstan[J].World Nonferrous Metals,2012(11):60-63.
[19]孟令梅.哈萨克斯坦矿产投资风险防控[J].时代金融,2018(5):61,70.MENG Lingmei.Risk prevention and control of mineral investment in Kazakhstan[J].Times Finance,2018(5):61,70.
[20]KOLELI N,DEMIR A.Chapter 11-Chromite[J].Environmental Materials and Waste,2016(11):245-263.
[21]俞成.芬兰肯米(Kemi)铬矿的生产概况[J].国外选矿快报,1997(23):15-17.YU Cheng.Production overview of Kemi chromium mine in Finland[J].Modern Mining,1997(23):15-17.
[22]韩九曦,李玉嵩,元春华,等.芬兰矿产资源与开发现状[J].中国矿业,2013,22(2):24-28.HAN Jiuxi,LI Yusong,YUAN Chunhua,et al.Mineral resources and mining development status in Finland[J].China Mining Magazine,2013,22(2):24-28.
[23]陈喜峰,叶锦华.印度矿产资源开发现状与启示[J].资源与产业,2015,17(6):73-81.CHEN Xifeng,YE Jinhua.Actuality of India's mineral resources development and its references[J].Resources&Industries,2015,17(6):73-81.
[2]苏海滨.我国矿产企业对外投资的区位选择问题研究[D].济南:山东财经大学,2013.
[3]肖常先.东南亚矿业投资环境评价-以缅甸为例[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.
[4]张美丽.中国对外铝矿直接投资的区位选择研究[D].北京:北方工业大学,2012.
[5]郑明贵,胡志亮.海外矿业投资环境风险评价研究[J].黄金科学技术,2018,26(5):596-604.ZHENG Minggui,HU Zhiliang.Study on environmental risk evaluation of overseas mining investment[J].Gold Science and Technology,2018,26(5):596-604.
[6]薛红肖,王琦.基于层次分析法的海外矿业投资风险评价[J].中国矿业,2018,27(6):53-56.XUE Hongxiao,WANG Qi.Risk assessment of overseas mining investment based on the AHP method[J].China Mining Magazine,2018,27(6):53-56.
[7]何哲峰,蒋荣宝,刘树臣.我国铬铁矿资源安全分析[J].中国矿业,2016,25(6):7-11,29.HE Zhefeng,JIANG Rongbao,LIU Shuchen.Analysis of chromite ore resources security in China[J].China Mining Magazine,2016,25(6):7-11,29.
[8]曾祥婷,元春华,许虹,等.世界铬矿开发现状及投资建议[J].中国矿业,2015,24(8):16-22.ZENG Xiangting,YUAN Chunhua,XU Hong,et al.Development status quo of the world chromite resources and investment suggestion[J].China Mining Magazine,2015,24(8):16-22.
[9]USGS.Chromium mineral commodity summaries(1998-2009)[R].2014-2019.
[10]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所.全国重要矿产资源潜力评价成果应用:资源潜力评价与选区研究:铬铁矿[R].2012.
[11]刘璇,陈其慎,张艳飞,等.中国铬需求预测及资源供应安全态势分析[J].资源科学,2015,37(5):933-943.LIU Xuan,CHEN Qishen,ZHANG Yanfei,et al.Chinese chromium demand forecasting and resource supply security[J].Resources Science,2015,37(5):933-943.
[12]柳德荣.区域经济因素对外商在华直接投资区位选择的影响[J].中南大学学报:社会科学版,2005,11(2):227-231.LIU Derong.The influence of regional economic factors on the location selection of foreign direct investment in China[J].Journal of Central South University:Social Sciences,2005,11(2):227-231.
[13]LU Hui,ROHR Charlene,HAFNER Marco,et al.China Belt and Road Initiative:measuring the impact of improving transportation connectivity on trade in the region[R/OL].https:∥www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2625.html.
[14]SHEPHERD Ben,RAMONETTE B.Serafica,BAYHAQIAkhmad,et al.The trade impact of enhanced multimodal connectivity in the Asia-Pacific region[J].Journal of Economic Integration,2011,26(4):624-650.
[15]海外矿投网.中企海外矿业投资十大失败案例!警醒,以史为鉴![EB/OL].http:∥mini.eastday.com/a/171014132106495-8.html.
[16]腾讯网.地质奇迹之布什维尔德杂岩体[EB/OL].https:∥new.qq.com/omn/20180111/20180111G0XCEP.html.
[17]王华春,郑伟.南非矿业投资法律制度概述[J].中国国土资源经济,2013,26(7):57-62.WANG Huachun,ZHENG Wei.Overview of legal system of mining investment in South Africa[J].Natural Resource Economics of China,2013,26(7):57-62.
[18]宋国明,胡建辉.哈萨克斯坦矿产资源开发与管理[J].世界有色金属,2012(11):60-63.SONG Guoming,HU Jianhui.Development and management of mineral resources in Kazakhstan[J].World Nonferrous Metals,2012(11):60-63.
[19]孟令梅.哈萨克斯坦矿产投资风险防控[J].时代金融,2018(5):61,70.MENG Lingmei.Risk prevention and control of mineral investment in Kazakhstan[J].Times Finance,2018(5):61,70.
[20]KOLELI N,DEMIR A.Chapter 11-Chromite[J].Environmental Materials and Waste,2016(11):245-263.
[21]俞成.芬兰肯米(Kemi)铬矿的生产概况[J].国外选矿快报,1997(23):15-17.YU Cheng.Production overview of Kemi chromium mine in Finland[J].Modern Mining,1997(23):15-17.
[22]韩九曦,李玉嵩,元春华,等.芬兰矿产资源与开发现状[J].中国矿业,2013,22(2):24-28.HAN Jiuxi,LI Yusong,YUAN Chunhua,et al.Mineral resources and mining development status in Finland[J].China Mining Magazine,2013,22(2):24-28.
[23]陈喜峰,叶锦华.印度矿产资源开发现状与启示[J].资源与产业,2015,17(6):73-81.CHEN Xifeng,YE Jinhua.Actuality of India's mineral resources development and its references[J].Resources&Industries,2015,17(6):73-81.