多壁碳纳米管与镉复合污染对水稻生长的影响
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摘要
选取水稻(Oryza sativa)为研究对象,采用营养液水培法,以营养液(0 mg·L~(-1) MWCNTs、0 mg·L~(-1) Cd~(2+))为参照,分析不同浓度梯度下多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)单一处理、MWCNTs与Cd~(2+)复合处理对水稻生长的影响.结果表明,MWCNTs单一处理中,水稻幼苗的生长与MWCNTs添加浓度呈明显负相关.低浓度的MWCNTs(1.5 mg·L~(-1))对水稻幼苗的生长产生抑制作用,较高浓度的MWCNTs(≥6.0 mg·L~(-1))会显著(P<0.05)抑制水稻幼苗的生长.添加5 mg·L~(-1) Cd~(2+)会增强MWCNTs对水稻幼苗的生长抑制,当MWCNTs浓度从1.5 mg·L~(-1)上升到12 mg·L~(-1),单一处理组与复合处理组相比,水稻幼苗的根系活力分别下降6.4%、10.4%、24.4%和13.9%;水稻幼苗的叶绿素含量显著降低;复合处理组的水稻叶片的POD活性略高于单一处理组,分别高出11.0%、46.1%、5.6%、11.6%;水稻幼苗叶片气孔导度变小、胞间CO_2浓度升高、光合速率减慢.MWCNTs与Cd~(2+)对水稻幼苗的生长具有明显的协同抑制效应.
Rice(Oryza sativa) seedlings were co-cultured with multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) and cadmium(Cd) of different concentrations to explore the effects of combined contamination on their growth. The results showed that the growth of rice seedlings was negatively related with the concentration of MWCNTs in the single treatment of MWCNTs. Low concentration of MWCNTs(1.5 mg·L~(-1)) inhibited the growth of rice seedlings, whereas higher concentrations(≥6.0 mg·L~(-1)) significantly(P<0.05) inhibited its growth. The addition of 5 mg·L~(-1) Cd~(2+) enhanced the growth inhibition of MWCNTs on rice seedlings. When the concentrations of MWCNTs increased from1.5 to 12 mg·L~(-1), the root vigors of rice seedlings decreased by 6.4%, 10.4%, 24.4% and 13.9% in comparison with the composite treatment groups, respectively. The chlorophyll contents were significantly reduced, and the peroxidase activity of rice leaves in the composite treatment groups were 11.0%, 46.1%, 5.6%, and 11.6%, respectively, which were slightly higher than those in the single treatment group. The leaf stomatal conductance of rice seedlings decreased. The intercellular CO_2 concentration increased, whereas the photosynthetic rate and leaf stomatal conductance of rice seedlings decreased. It was indicated that MWCNTs and Cd~(2+) had obvious synergistic effects on the growth of rice seedlings.
Rice(Oryza sativa) seedlings were co-cultured with multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) and cadmium(Cd) of different concentrations to explore the effects of combined contamination on their growth. The results showed that the growth of rice seedlings was negatively related with the concentration of MWCNTs in the single treatment of MWCNTs. Low concentration of MWCNTs(1.5 mg·L~(-1)) inhibited the growth of rice seedlings, whereas higher concentrations(≥6.0 mg·L~(-1)) significantly(P<0.05) inhibited its growth. The addition of 5 mg·L~(-1) Cd~(2+) enhanced the growth inhibition of MWCNTs on rice seedlings. When the concentrations of MWCNTs increased from1.5 to 12 mg·L~(-1), the root vigors of rice seedlings decreased by 6.4%, 10.4%, 24.4% and 13.9% in comparison with the composite treatment groups, respectively. The chlorophyll contents were significantly reduced, and the peroxidase activity of rice leaves in the composite treatment groups were 11.0%, 46.1%, 5.6%, and 11.6%, respectively, which were slightly higher than those in the single treatment group. The leaf stomatal conductance of rice seedlings decreased. The intercellular CO_2 concentration increased, whereas the photosynthetic rate and leaf stomatal conductance of rice seedlings decreased. It was indicated that MWCNTs and Cd~(2+) had obvious synergistic effects on the growth of rice seedlings.
引文
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[2] LONG Y L,JIN-GANG Y,JIAO F P,et al.Preparation and characterization of MWCNTs/LDHs nanohybrids for removal of Congo red from aqueous solution[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(10):2701-2710.
[3] CHEN M,QIN X,ZENG G.Biodiversity change behind wide applications of nanomaterials?[J].Nano Today,2017,17:11-13.
[4] GEARY S M,MORRIS A S,SALEM A K.Assessing the effect of engineered nanomaterials on the environment and human health[J].Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology,2016,138(2):405-408.
[5] 李烨,孙约兵,徐应明,等.镉污染区水稻土磷素含量特征及其形态分布规律[J].环境化学,2017,36(3):542-548.LI Y,SUN Y B,XU Y M,et al.Characteristics and speciation distribution of phosphorus in Cd contaminated paddy soil[J].Environmental Chemistry,2017,36(3):542-548(in Chinese).
[6] 王秀梅,安毅,秦莉,等.对比施用生物炭和肥料对土壤有效镉及酶活性的影响[J].环境化学,2018,37(1):67-74.WANG X M,AN Y,QIN L,et al.Effects of different fertilizers on Cd bioavailability and enzyme activity in soil[J].Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(1):67-74(in Chinese).
[7] SAHU S K,TIWARI M,BHANGARE R C,et al.Enrichment and particle size dependence of polonium and othernaturally occurring radionuclides in coal ash[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2014,138:421-426.
[8] XIANG W,HAN B P,ZHOU D,et al.Physicochemical properties and heavy metals leachability of fly ash from coal-fired red power plant[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2012,22:405-409.
[9] 郑以梅,郑刘根,李立园,等.淮北低硫燃煤电厂粉煤灰的理化特征[J].环境化学,2017,36(2):309-315.ZHENG Y M,ZHENG L G,LI L Y,et al.Physicochemical characteristics of ash from low sulphur coal-fired plant in the Huaibei City[J].Environmental Chemistry,2017,36(2):309-315(in Chinese).
[10] 许生辉,南忠仁,王胜利,等.绿洲土壤Cd-Ni复合污染对油菜生长及吸收的影响[J].环境化学,2018,37(5):1037-1044.XU S H,NAN Z R,WANG S L,et al.Effects of Cd-Ni combined pollution on the growth and absorption of cole in oasis soil[J].Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(5):1037-1044(in Chinese).
[11] DRESLER S,MAKSYMIEC W.Capillary zone electrophoresis for determination of reduced and oxidised ascorbate and glutathione in roots and leaf segments of Zea mays plants exposed to Cd and Cu[J].Acta Sci Pol Hortorum Cultus,2013,12(6):143-155.
[12] 中华人民共和国地下水质量标准,GB/T14848-93,1993.Groundwater standards of the People′s Republic of China,GB/T14848-93,1993(in Chinese).
[13] 高俊凤.植物生理实验技术[M].西安:世界图书出版公司,2000.GAO J F.Experiment technology of plant physiology[M].Xi′an:World Public Publishing Company,2000(in Chinese).
[14] 刘周莉,陈玮,何兴元,等.低浓度镉对忍冬生长及光合生理的影响[J].环境化学,2018,37(2):223-238.LIU Z L,CHEN W,HE X Y,et al.Effects of low concentration cadmium on the growth and photosynthetic physiology of Lonicera japonica Thunb[J].Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(2):223-228(in Chinese).
[15] 尚宏芹,高昌勇.镉、汞胁迫对桔梗种子萌发、幼苗生理生化特性及镉、汞含量的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(6):1211-1219.SHANG L Q,GAO C Y.Respones of seed germination and physiological,biochemical characteristics and Cd,Hg content of platycodon grandiflorum seedling to cadmium and mercury stress[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2018,32(6):1211-1219(in Chinese).
[16] WALEKAR L,DUTTA T,KUMAR P,et al.Functionalized fluorescent nanomaterials for sensing pollutants in the environment:A critical review[J].Trac Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2017,97:458-467.
[17] 吴玺,梁婵娟.模拟酸雨对水稻根系激素含量与生长的影响[J].环境化学,2016,35(3):568-574.WU X,LIANG C J.Effects of simulated acid rain on hormone concentration and growth of rice roots[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(3):568-574(in Chinese).
[18] 汪小雄,姜成春,汪晓军,等.白玉兰落叶水浸出液抑制蓝藻生长和叶绿素荧光特性分析[J].环境化学,2015,34(10):1867-1874.WANG X X,JIANG C C,WANG X J,et al.Effects of aqueous extract of Magnolia denudata defoliation on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of cyanobacterium[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(10):1867-1874(in Chinese).
[19] 肖清铁,戎红,周丽英,等.水稻叶片对镉胁迫响应的蛋白质差异表达[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(4):1013-1019.XIAO T Q,RONG H,ZHOU L Y,et al.Differential expression of proteins in Oryza sativa leaves in response to cadmium stress[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(4):1013-1019(in Chinese).
[20] TRIPATHI D K,SHWETA,SINGH S,et al.An overview on manufactured nanoparticles in plants:Uptake,translocation,accumulation and phytotoxicity[J].Plant Physiology & Biochemistry,2017,110:2-12.