声景感知与历史街区景观评价的关系研究——以福州三坊七巷为例
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摘要
以福州三坊七巷历史街区为例,在问卷调查的基础上,构建了历史街区中声景感知与景观评价关系的结构方程模型。结果表明,建筑景观满意度对声景愉悦度有显著积极影响。在不同类型的声源中,机械声的优势度越弱、自然声的优势度越强,则声景愉悦度越高;声景丰富度越高,则声景愉悦度越高。在不同特征的声景基调下,声源感知对景观评价的影响存在差异性,其中安静的声景对人们的感知评价影响最为显著,而提升民俗活动声的优势度可以显著提高不同类型声景基调的感受。使用者信息中,年龄对声景及景观感知评价的影响最为显著。
Taking the Three Lanes and Seven Alleys in Fuzhou as an example, and based on the questionnaire survey, the study proposed a structural equation model of the relationship between soundscape perception and landscape evaluation. The results showed that the architectural landscape satisfaction degree had significant and positive effect on soundscape pleasantness. Among different types of sound sources, the dominant degree of mechanical sounds and natural sounds indicated significant negative and positive relationship with soundscape pleasantness, respectively. Soundscape eventfulness contributed positively to soundscape pleasantness. The influence of soundscape perception on landscape evaluation was different in different types of soundscape tone, among which quiet soundscape showed the most significant effect on perception evaluation results. Enhancing the dominant degree of folk activity sound could significantly improve the feeling of different types of soundscape tone. Among users' social/demographical/behavioral characteristics, age showed the most significant influence on soundscape and landscape perception.
Taking the Three Lanes and Seven Alleys in Fuzhou as an example, and based on the questionnaire survey, the study proposed a structural equation model of the relationship between soundscape perception and landscape evaluation. The results showed that the architectural landscape satisfaction degree had significant and positive effect on soundscape pleasantness. Among different types of sound sources, the dominant degree of mechanical sounds and natural sounds indicated significant negative and positive relationship with soundscape pleasantness, respectively. Soundscape eventfulness contributed positively to soundscape pleasantness. The influence of soundscape perception on landscape evaluation was different in different types of soundscape tone, among which quiet soundscape showed the most significant effect on perception evaluation results. Enhancing the dominant degree of folk activity sound could significantly improve the feeling of different types of soundscape tone. Among users' social/demographical/behavioral characteristics, age showed the most significant influence on soundscape and landscape perception.
引文
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[16]Hair J,Black W,Babin B J,et al.Multivariate data analysis[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall,2009.
[17]马蕙,王丹丹.城市公园声景观要素及其初步定量化分析[J].噪声与振动控制,2012,32(1):81-85.
[18]Liu J,Kang J,Luo T,et al.Landscape effects on soundscape experience in city parks[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,454-455(5):474-481.
[2]邱桂芳.基于梯度保护理论的城市历史街区保护方法初探[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2012.
[3]Kaymaz I,Cüre C T,Baki E.Perceived Soundscape of Urban Historical Places:A Case Study of Hamam?nü,Ankara[J].Procedia Engineering,2016,161:1920-1925.
[4]ISO 12913-1:2014 Acoustics-Soundscape-Part 1:Definition and Conceptual Framework[S].2014.
[5]邓志勇,刘爱利,陈昊骙.历史文化街区声景语义的主观评价研究:基于人文地理学的视角[J].人文地理,2014,29(1):35-42.
[6]潘树煜.福州三坊七巷的保护与开发刍议[J].发展研究,2004(10):72-73.
[7]Nilsson M E,Botteldooren D,De Coensel B.Acoustic indicators of soundscape quality and noise annoyance in outdoor urban areas[C].The 19th International Congress on Acoustics,Madrid,2007.
[8]Brown A L,Kang J,Gjestland T.Towards standardization in soundscape preference assessment[J].Applied Acoustics,2011,72(6):387-392.
[9]Liu J,Wang Y J,Zimmer C,et al.Factors associated with soundscape experiences in urban green spaces:A case study in Rostock,Germany[J/OL].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2018.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.11.003.
[10]Axelsson?,Nilsson M E,Berglund B.A principal components model of soundscape perception[J].Acoustical Society of America,2010,128(5):2836-2846.
[11]Jeon J Y,Lee P J,Hong J Y,et al.Non-auditory factors affecting urban soundscape evaluation[J].Acoustical Society of America,2011,130(6):3761.
[12]Kang J,Schulte-Fortkamp B.Towards science and practice of soundscape:COST Action TD0804-Soundscape of European cities and landscapes:proceeding of Forum Acusticum 2011[C].Aalborg:Denmark,2011.
[13]Maffiolo V,Castellengo M,Dubois D.Qualitative judgments of urban soundscapes:proceeding of InterNoise 1999[C].FL:Fort Lauderdale,1999:1251-1254.
[14]吴明隆.结构方程模型:AMOS的操作与应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2010.
[15]Hong J Y,Jeon J Y.Influence of urban contexts on soundscape perceptions:A structural equation modeling approach[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2015,141:78-87.
[16]Hair J,Black W,Babin B J,et al.Multivariate data analysis[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall,2009.
[17]马蕙,王丹丹.城市公园声景观要素及其初步定量化分析[J].噪声与振动控制,2012,32(1):81-85.
[18]Liu J,Kang J,Luo T,et al.Landscape effects on soundscape experience in city parks[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,454-455(5):474-481.