手性农药甲霜灵对两种淡水藻的毒性效应研究
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摘要
手性农药在环境中表现出不同的生态毒理效应.研究选择盘星藻和斜生栅藻两种淡水藻,探讨了甲霜灵对两种藻的毒性效应,以及甲霜灵在两种藻液体系中的降解及对映异构体选择性.结果表明,在甲霜灵对两种藻的生长抑制实验中,随着甲霜灵浓度的升高,斜生栅藻藻细胞密度呈增长趋势,盘星藻藻细胞密度呈下降趋势,两种藻的96 h生长抑制浓度IC50分别为1. 64 mg/L和44. 56 mg/L.在避光条件下,斜生栅藻和盘星藻对甲霜灵的平均去除率分别为45. 1%和42. 1%,对映异构体的降解无立体选择性;在光照条件下,斜生栅藻和盘星藻对甲霜灵的平均去除率分别为86. 9%和65. 8%,对映异构体存在选择性降解,且R-体甲霜灵优先于S-体甲霜灵被降解.
Chiral pesticides exhibit different ecotoxicological effects in the environment. The toxic effects of metalaxyl on,and its selective degradation and enantioselectivity in both Pediastrum and Scenedesmusobliquus were investigated. The results showed that the selectivity of metalaxyl for the inhibition of the two algae is very high.With the increase of the concentration of metalaxyl,the algae cell density of Scenedesmus obliquus increases,whereas that of Pediastrum decreases,with that the 96 h growth inhibition concentration(IC50) of the two algae is 1. 64 mg/L and 44. 56 mg/L,respectively. Under the condition of complete darkness,the average removal rate of metalaxyl in the two algae is 45. 1% and 42. 1%,respectively. Meanwhile,the stereoselectivity for the enantiomeric degradation cannot be detected. Under the lighting conditions,the average removal rate of metalaxyl in the two algae is 86. 9% and 65. 8%,respectively. The selective degraded experiments show that R-metalaxyl is easier to be degraded than S-metalaxyl.
Chiral pesticides exhibit different ecotoxicological effects in the environment. The toxic effects of metalaxyl on,and its selective degradation and enantioselectivity in both Pediastrum and Scenedesmusobliquus were investigated. The results showed that the selectivity of metalaxyl for the inhibition of the two algae is very high.With the increase of the concentration of metalaxyl,the algae cell density of Scenedesmus obliquus increases,whereas that of Pediastrum decreases,with that the 96 h growth inhibition concentration(IC50) of the two algae is 1. 64 mg/L and 44. 56 mg/L,respectively. Under the condition of complete darkness,the average removal rate of metalaxyl in the two algae is 45. 1% and 42. 1%,respectively. Meanwhile,the stereoselectivity for the enantiomeric degradation cannot be detected. Under the lighting conditions,the average removal rate of metalaxyl in the two algae is 86. 9% and 65. 8%,respectively. The selective degraded experiments show that R-metalaxyl is easier to be degraded than S-metalaxyl.
引文
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[16]ZHANG Q,HUA X,YANG Y,et al. Stereoselective degradation of flutriafol and tebuconazole in grape[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22:4350-4358.
[2]刘萍.手性杀菌剂甲霜灵在土壤中的吸附和对绿藻水生毒理的对映体差异[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009.
[3]LIU W,GAN JJ,LEE S,et al. Isomer selectivity in aquatic toxicity and biodegradation of cypermethrin[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2004,52(20):6233-6238.
[4]李朝阳,武彤,李景印,等.手性农药对映体选择性环境行为的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2008,17(3):1268-1275.
[5]齐艳丽.几种手性农药对映体环境行为及污染特性研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
[6]沈国兴,严国安,彭金良,等.农药对藻类的生态毒理学研究Ⅱ:毒性机理及其富集和降解[J].环境科学进展,1999(6):131-140.
[7]胡晓娜.重金属与异丙甲草胺对斜生栅藻的联合毒性及手性选择性差异研究[D].杭州:浙江工商大学,2014.
[8]TANG J,HOAGLAND K D,SIEGFRIED B D. Uptake and bioconcentration of atrazine by selected freshwater algae[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,1998,17(6):1085-1090.
[9]王美云.手性农药甲霜灵的立体选择性降解研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[10]方松,岳珩,孙惠青,等.手性甲霜灵在烟草不同部位叶片中的立体选择性行为[J].农药,2018,57(1):20-22.
[11]周永欣,章宗涉.水生生物毒性试验方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1989.
[12]LIU H J,XIONG M Y. Comparative toxicity of racematic metolachlor and S-metolachlor to chlorella pyrenoidosa[J]. Aquatic Toxicology,2009,93:100-106.
[13]姚琨.手性农药甲霜灵对水生生物的毒性效应及机制研究[D].天津:南开大学,2008.
[14]刘春晓.手性农药氟环唑对映体对斜生栅藻的毒性效应差异以及选择性生物富集研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2015.
[15]ULRICH E M,HELSEL D R,FOREMAN W T. Comlications with using rations for envirnmental datd:compairing enantiomeric rations(ERs)and enantiomer fractions(EFs)[J]. Chemosphere,2003,53(5):531-538.
[16]ZHANG Q,HUA X,YANG Y,et al. Stereoselective degradation of flutriafol and tebuconazole in grape[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22:4350-4358.
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