采煤塌陷区周边土壤典型重金属元素调查与评价
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摘要
为了查清毛集试验区采煤塌陷区周边农田土壤重金属元素Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd、Cr和Pb含量与污染水平,选择新集一矿3处(A、B、C处)典型采煤塌陷区周边土壤为研究对象,通过系统采集23个土壤样品,利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定6种元素含量,并采用单项污染指数法和综合污染指数法开展重金属污染评价。结果表明:基于元素含量的空间分布规律,得出Cu与Zn、Pb与Cd、Ni与Cr具有相似污染源;土壤重金属二级超标率测定结果表明Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr未超标,而Cd和Zn普遍超标;元素的单项污染指数结果表明Ni含量达到警戒线,Zn达到轻度污染,而Cd达到重度污染; A、B、C处周边农田土壤的综合污染指数高低顺序为A>C>B。研究结果为毛集试验区内开展农用地重金属污染防控与修复提供了技术参考。
In order to find out the contents and pollution levels of heavy metal elements( Cu,Zn,Ni,Cd,Cr and Pb) in farmland soils around coal mining subsidence areas in Maoji experimental area,three typical coal mining subsidence areas( A,B,C) around Xinji No.1 Mine were selected as research objects,23 soil samples were systematically collected,the contents of six kinds of elements were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry,and the single pollution index method and comprehensive pollution index method were used to carry out heavy metal pollution evaluation.The results show that based on the spatial distribution of element content,Cu and Zn,Pb and Cd,Ni and Cr have similar pollution sources; the two-level exceeding rate of soil metal elements shows that Cu,Pb,Ni and Cr do not exceed the standard,while Cd and Zn generally exceed the standard; the results of single pollution index of elements showed that Ni content reach the warning line,Zn reached slight pollution,and Cd reach severe pollution; the order of comprehensive pollution index of farmland soil around A,B and C is A>C>B.The results of this study will be beneficial to the prevention and remediation of heavy metal pollution in agricultural land in the region.
In order to find out the contents and pollution levels of heavy metal elements( Cu,Zn,Ni,Cd,Cr and Pb) in farmland soils around coal mining subsidence areas in Maoji experimental area,three typical coal mining subsidence areas( A,B,C) around Xinji No.1 Mine were selected as research objects,23 soil samples were systematically collected,the contents of six kinds of elements were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry,and the single pollution index method and comprehensive pollution index method were used to carry out heavy metal pollution evaluation.The results show that based on the spatial distribution of element content,Cu and Zn,Pb and Cd,Ni and Cr have similar pollution sources; the two-level exceeding rate of soil metal elements shows that Cu,Pb,Ni and Cr do not exceed the standard,while Cd and Zn generally exceed the standard; the results of single pollution index of elements showed that Ni content reach the warning line,Zn reached slight pollution,and Cd reach severe pollution; the order of comprehensive pollution index of farmland soil around A,B and C is A>C>B.The results of this study will be beneficial to the prevention and remediation of heavy metal pollution in agricultural land in the region.
引文
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[17]李一蒙,马建华,刘德新,等.开封城市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015(3):1037-1044.LI Yimeng,MA Jianhua,LIU Dexin,et al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks of urban soils in Kaifeng City,China[J].Environmental Science,2015(3):1037-1044.
[18]雷凌明,喻大松,陈玉鹏,等.陕西泾惠渠灌区土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):88-96.LEI Lingming,YU Dasong,CHEN Yupeng,et al. Spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in soils of Jinghui irrigated area of Shaanxi,China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(6):88-96.
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[2]邹慧,毕银丽,金晶晶,等.采煤沉陷对植被土壤容重和水分入渗规律的影响[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(3):125-128.ZOU Hui,BI Yinli,JIN Jingjing,et al. Mining subsidence affected to soil volume-weight and water infiltration law of different vegetation type[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(3):125-128.
[3]陆青锋,吴士豪,秦身钧,等.贵州盘县矿区煤中伴生元素的地球化学特征[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(10):169-175.LU Qingfeng,WU Shihao,QIN Shenjun,et al.Geochemical features of associated elements in coal from Panxian Minefield of Guizhou[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(10):169-175
[4]金军,高为,孙键,等.黔西松河矿区煤中元素地球化学特征及成煤环境意义[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(12):166-173.JIN Jun,GAO Wei,SUN Jian,et al. Geochemistry characteristics and coal formation environmental significances of elements in coal from Songhe Mining Area in western Guizhou[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(12):166-173,204.
[5]刘静静,王儒威,刘桂建,等.淮北芦岭矿区土壤中PAHs的分布特征及分析[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2010,40(7):661-666.LIU Jingjing,WANG Ruwei,LIU Guijian,et al.Concentrations distributions and source of polycyclic aromatichy drocarbons in soil of Luling Coal Mine in Huaibei[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2010,40(7):661-666
[6]黄绍文,金继运,和爱玲,等.农田不同利用方式下土壤重金属区域分异与评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2007(S2):540-548.HUANG Shaowen,JIN Jixun,HE Ailing,et al. Regional difference and status of heavy metals in Rural soils under different patterns land use[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2007(S2):540-548.
[7]王兴明,王运敏,储昭霞,等.煤矸石对铜尾矿中重金属(Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr和Cu)形态及生物有效性的影响[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):2688-2697.WANG Xingming,WANG Yunmin,CHU Zhaoxia,et al. Effects of coal gangue addition on the chemical fraction and bioavailability of heavy metals(Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr and Cu)in copper mine tailings[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(10):2688-2697.
[8]邵群.新庄孜矿塌陷区煤矸石中重金属迁移对覆土影响[J].煤田地质与勘探,2007,35(6):34-36.SHAO Qun. The impact of heavy metals transfer from coal waste rock to soil in Xinzhuangzi subsidence area[J]. Coal Geology&Exploration,2007,35(6):37-39.
[9]白建峰,崔龙鹏,黄文辉,等.煤矸石释放重金属环境效应研究:淮南煤矿塌陷区水体试验场实例调查[J].煤田地质与勘探,2004,32(4):7-10.BAI Jianfeng, CUI Longpeng, HUANG Wenhui, et al.Environmental impact of heavy metal in coal mining spoils:an investigation on water near waste piles in Huainan gob area,Anhui Province,China[J]. Coal Geology&Exploration,2004,32(4):7-10.
[10]贺玉晓,赵同谦,刘刚才,等.采煤沉陷区土壤重金属含量对土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):214-218.HE Yuxiao,ZHAO Tongqian,LIU Gangcai,et al. Influence of heavy metal contents on the activities of soil enzyme in coal mining subsided area[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(1):214-218.
[11]程静霞,聂小军,刘昌华.煤炭开采沉陷区土壤有机碳空间变化[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(12):2495-2500.CHENG Jingxia,NIE Xiaojun,LIU Changhua. Spatial variation of soil organic carbon in coal-mining subsidence areas[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(12):2495-2500.
[12]王兴明,董众兵,刘桂建,等.Zn,Pb,Cd,Cu在淮南新庄孜煤矿矸石山附近土壤和作物中分布特征[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2012,42(1):17-25.WANG Xingming,DONG Zhongbing,LIU Guijian,et al.Distribution characteristics of Zn,Pb,Cd,Cu in soil and crops around Xinzhuangzi Coal Mine waste rock pile[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2012,42(1):17-25.
[13]熊鸿斌,胡海文,王振祥,等.淮南煤矿区土壤重金属污染分布特征及污染溯源研究[J].合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,2015(5):686-693.XIONG Hongbin,HU Haiwen,WANG Zhenxiang,et al. Research on distribution characteristics and pollution source of metal pollution in soil in Huainan coal mining area[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology,2015(5):686-693.
[14]蔡峰,刘泽功,林柏泉,等.淮南矿区煤矸石中微量元素的研究[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(8):892-897.CAI Feng,LIU Zegong,LIN Boquan,et al.Study on trace elements in gangue in Huainan Mining Area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(8):892-897.
[15]石占飞,王力.神木矿区土壤重金属含量特征及潜在风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(6):1150-1158.SHI Zhanfei,WANG Li.Contents of soil heavy metals and evaluation on the potential pollution risk in Shenmu Mining Area[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(6):1150-1158.
[16]吴洋,杨军,周小勇,等.广西都安县耕地土壤重金属污染风险评价[J].环境科学,2015(8):2964-2971.WU Yang,YANG Jun,ZHOU Xiaoyong,et al.Risk Assessment of heavy metal contamination in farmland soil in Du’an Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China[J]. Environmental Science,2015(8):2964-2971.
[17]李一蒙,马建华,刘德新,等.开封城市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015(3):1037-1044.LI Yimeng,MA Jianhua,LIU Dexin,et al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks of urban soils in Kaifeng City,China[J].Environmental Science,2015(3):1037-1044.
[18]雷凌明,喻大松,陈玉鹏,等.陕西泾惠渠灌区土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):88-96.LEI Lingming,YU Dasong,CHEN Yupeng,et al. Spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in soils of Jinghui irrigated area of Shaanxi,China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(6):88-96.
[19] BENHADDYA M L,HADJEL M.Spatial distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface soils of Hassi Messaoud,Algeria[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,71(3):1473-1486.
[20] GRAMATICA P,BATTAINI F,GIANI E,et al.Analysis of mosses and soils for quantifying heavy metal concentrations in sicily:a multivariate and spatial analytical approach[J]. Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2006,13(1):28-36.