亚热带5种树种倒木分解对土壤碳氮的影响
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摘要
为了探讨亚热带地区倒木分解对土壤C、N的影响,以江西九连山国家自然保护区为研究区域,运用空间代时间的方法,测定不同分解等级下5种倒木(丝栗栲Castanopsis fargesii、米槠Castanopsis carlesii、木荷Schima superba、杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata、马尾松Pinus massoniana)的木质素、纤维素、C、N、密度、含水率以及倒木下土壤的C、N、容重、含水率。结果表明:1)同一分解等级下5种倒木的纤维素、C、N含量差异显著。5种倒木的平均纤维素和C含量在轻度分解等级下分别比在重度分解等级降低了206.3%和28.3%,而平均N含量升高了31.9%。同一分解等级下,常绿阔叶倒木的C、N含量与针叶倒木之间差异显著。在3种(轻、中、重度)分解等级下,常绿阔叶倒木的平均C含量比针叶倒木高16.2%、23.7%和25.3%;平均N含量分别比针叶倒木高12.7%、6.2%和43.5%。2)同一树种倒木下土壤的C、N含量在不同分解等级之间差异显著。5种树种倒木下土壤的平均C、N含量在轻度分解等级下分别比在重度分解等级下高25.8%、35.6%。在3种分解等级下,常绿阔叶倒木下土壤的平均C含量比针叶倒木下土壤显著高了27.0%、21.6%和20.7%;而平均N含量分别比针叶倒木下土壤显著高了21.4%、23.6%和20.8%。3)倒木下土壤C含量与倒木C含量呈显著正相关,系数为0.59,与倒木C/N呈显著负相关,系数为-0.64。倒木下土壤N含量与倒木N含量呈显著正相关,系数为0.52。倒木下土壤含水量与土壤容重呈显著负相关,系数为-0.61。
In order to investigate the effects of decomposition of coarse woody debris(CWD) on soil C and N in subtropical regions, the Jiulian Mountain national nature reserve in Jiangxi province was selected as the study area, using space instead of time, and measuring contents of lignin, cellulose, C, N, moisture and density of five CWDs(Castanopsis fargesii, Castanopsis carlesii, Schima superba, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana) as well as content of soil C, N, moisture and bulk density under five CWDs. The results show that: 1) The cellulose, C and N contents of five CWDs were significantly different undersame decay class, the average cellulose and C contents of five CWDs at the mild decay class decreased by 206.3% and 28.3% respectively for heavy decay class, and the average N contents increased by 31.9%. At the same decay class, the difference between C and N contents of evergreen broad-leaved CWD and coniferous CWD is significant.At the three decay classes of mild, moderate and heavy respectively, the average C contents of evergreen broad-leaved CWD was 16.2%, 23.7% and 25.3% higher than that of coniferous CWD, the average N contents was 12.7%, 6.2%, and 43.5% higher than that of coniferous CWD respectively; 2)The soil C and N contents under five CWDs were significantly different undersame decay class,the average soil C and N contentsunder five CWDs at the mild decay class increased by 25.8% and 35.6% respectively for heavy decay class. At the same decay class, the difference between soil C and N contents under evergreen broad-leaved CWD and coniferous CWD is significant. At the three decay classes of mild, moderate and heavy, the average C contents under evergreen broad-leaved CWD was 27.0%, 21.6% and 20.7% higher than that under coniferous CWD respectively, the average N contents was 21.4%, 23.6%, and 20.8% higher than that under coniferous CWD respectively; 3) There was a significant positive correlation between the soil C contents under CWD and C contents of CWD, with a coefficient of 0.59. But it was a significantly negatively correlated with CWD C/N ratio, with a coefficient of-0.64. There was a significant positive correlation between the soil N contents under CWD and the N contents of CWD, with a coefficient of 0.52. The soil moisture content under CWD was significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density, with a coefficient of-0.61.
In order to investigate the effects of decomposition of coarse woody debris(CWD) on soil C and N in subtropical regions, the Jiulian Mountain national nature reserve in Jiangxi province was selected as the study area, using space instead of time, and measuring contents of lignin, cellulose, C, N, moisture and density of five CWDs(Castanopsis fargesii, Castanopsis carlesii, Schima superba, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana) as well as content of soil C, N, moisture and bulk density under five CWDs. The results show that: 1) The cellulose, C and N contents of five CWDs were significantly different undersame decay class, the average cellulose and C contents of five CWDs at the mild decay class decreased by 206.3% and 28.3% respectively for heavy decay class, and the average N contents increased by 31.9%. At the same decay class, the difference between C and N contents of evergreen broad-leaved CWD and coniferous CWD is significant.At the three decay classes of mild, moderate and heavy respectively, the average C contents of evergreen broad-leaved CWD was 16.2%, 23.7% and 25.3% higher than that of coniferous CWD, the average N contents was 12.7%, 6.2%, and 43.5% higher than that of coniferous CWD respectively; 2)The soil C and N contents under five CWDs were significantly different undersame decay class,the average soil C and N contentsunder five CWDs at the mild decay class increased by 25.8% and 35.6% respectively for heavy decay class. At the same decay class, the difference between soil C and N contents under evergreen broad-leaved CWD and coniferous CWD is significant. At the three decay classes of mild, moderate and heavy, the average C contents under evergreen broad-leaved CWD was 27.0%, 21.6% and 20.7% higher than that under coniferous CWD respectively, the average N contents was 21.4%, 23.6%, and 20.8% higher than that under coniferous CWD respectively; 3) There was a significant positive correlation between the soil C contents under CWD and C contents of CWD, with a coefficient of 0.59. But it was a significantly negatively correlated with CWD C/N ratio, with a coefficient of-0.64. There was a significant positive correlation between the soil N contents under CWD and the N contents of CWD, with a coefficient of 0.52. The soil moisture content under CWD was significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density, with a coefficient of-0.61.
引文
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[2]肖洒,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.高山峡谷区暗针叶林木质残体储量及其分布特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(5):1352-1359.
[3]矫海洋,王顺忠,王曼霖,等.大兴安岭北坡兴安落叶松粗木质残体呼吸动态[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(6):29-33.
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[5]MARTINEZáT,SPERANZAM,RUIZ-DUE?AS F J,et al.Biodegradation of lingo cellulosics:microbial chemical,and enzymatic aspects of the fungal attack of lignin[J].International Microbiology,2005,8(3):195-204.
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[7]马豪霞,任毅华,郑维列.西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林粗木质残体养分元素特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(1):106-110.
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[10]BRAIS S,DROUIN P.Interactions between deadwood and soil characteristics in a natural boreal trembling aspen-jack pine stand[J].Canadian Journal Forest Research,2012,42(8):1456-1466.
[11]BRAD O,KEVIN D,AMY M,et al.Progressive,idiosyncratic changes in wood hardness during decay:Implications for dead wood inventory and cycling[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2014,323:1-9.
[12]刘双江.大兴安岭火烧迹地粗木质残体的特征及其对土壤的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2016.
[13]LOMBARDI F,CHERUBINI P,TOGNETTI R,e t a l.Investigating biochemical processes to assess deadwood decay of beech and silver fir in Mediterranean mountain forests[J].Annals of Forest Science,2013,70:101-111.
[14]MARTINS D L,TED R J S,LUIZ?O F F J,et al.Soil-induced impacts on forest structure drive coarse woody debris stocks across central Amazonia[J].Plant Ecology&Diversity,2015,8(2):229-241.
[15]ENRIQUE D M,TIMOTHY T W.Localized effects of coarse woody material on soil oribatid communities diminish over700 years of stand development in black-spruce-feather moss forests[J].Forests,2015,6:914-928.
[16]袁杰,侯琳,蔡靖,等.秦岭火地塘林区倒木及其土壤化学元素含量特征[J].林业科学,2011,47(11):19-24.
[17]张修玉,管东生,张海东.广州三种森林粗死木质残体(CWD)的储量与分解特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(10):5227-5236.
[18]BANTLE A,BORKEN W,ELLERBROCK R H,et al.Quantity and quality of dissolved organic carbon released from coarse woody debris of different tree species in the early phase of decomposition[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2014,329:287-294.
[19]张利敏,王传宽.东北东部山区11种温带树种粗木质残体分解与碳氮释放[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(4):368-374.
[20]FUKASAWA Y,KATSUMATA S,AKIRA S,et al.Accumulation and decay dynamics of coarse woody debris in a Japanese oldgrowth subalpine coniferous forest[J].Ecological Research,2014,29:257-269.
[21]SOLLINS P.Input and decay of coarse woody debris in coniferous stand in western Oregon and Washington[J].Canadian Journal Forest Research,1982,12:18-28.
[22]吴春生,刘苑秋,魏晓华,等.中亚热带典型森林倒木生物量、碳储量及其分布格局[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(3):307-316.
[23]吕明和,周国逸,张德强,等.鼎湖山锥栗粗木质残体的分解和元素动态[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2006,14(2):107-111.
[24]刘瑞鹏,毛子军,李兴欢,等.模拟增温和不同凋落物基质质量对凋落物分解速率的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5661-5667.
[25]杨丽韫,代力民.长白山北坡苔藓红松暗针叶林倒木分解及其养分含量[J].生态学报,2002,22(2):185-189.
[26]常晨晖,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.高寒森林倒木在不同分解阶段的质量变化[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(1):14-22.
[27]周莉,李保国,周广胜.土壤有机碳的主导影响因子及其研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(1):99-105.
[28]张春华,王宗明,居为民,等.松嫩平原玉米带土壤碳氮比的时空变异特征[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1407-1414.
[29]李哲,董宁宁,侯琳,等.秦岭山地不同龄组锐齿栎林土壤和枯落物有机碳、全氮特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(12):127-132.
[30]周寅杰,王瑞辉,陈志钢,等.低山丘陵地区油茶林地土壤水分特性分析[J].经济林研究,2013,31(1):7-12.
[31]王忠诚,邓秀秀,崔卓卿,等.洞庭湖区主要森林类型土壤持水性能研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(5):79-84.
[2]肖洒,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.高山峡谷区暗针叶林木质残体储量及其分布特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(5):1352-1359.
[3]矫海洋,王顺忠,王曼霖,等.大兴安岭北坡兴安落叶松粗木质残体呼吸动态[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(6):29-33.
[4]WU C S,WEI X H,MO Q F,et al.Effects of stand origin and near-natural restoration on the stock and structural composition of fallen trees in mid-subtropical forests[J].Forests,2015,6:4439-4450.
[5]MARTINEZáT,SPERANZAM,RUIZ-DUE?AS F J,et al.Biodegradation of lingo cellulosics:microbial chemical,and enzymatic aspects of the fungal attack of lignin[J].International Microbiology,2005,8(3):195-204.
[6]HARMON M E,FASTH B,WOODALL C W,et al.Carbon concentration of standing and downed woody detritus:effects of tree taxa,decay class,position,and tissue type[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2013,291:259-267.
[7]马豪霞,任毅华,郑维列.西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林粗木质残体养分元素特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(1):106-110.
[8]SCHIMEL J P,H?TTENSCHWILER S.Nitrogen transfer between decomposing leaves of different N status[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2007,39(7):1428-1436.
[9]BRUNNER A,KIMMINS J P.Nitrogen fixation in coarse woody debris of Thuja plicata and Tsuga heterophylla forests on northern Vancouver Island[J].Canadian Journal Forest Research,2003,33(9):1670-1682.
[10]BRAIS S,DROUIN P.Interactions between deadwood and soil characteristics in a natural boreal trembling aspen-jack pine stand[J].Canadian Journal Forest Research,2012,42(8):1456-1466.
[11]BRAD O,KEVIN D,AMY M,et al.Progressive,idiosyncratic changes in wood hardness during decay:Implications for dead wood inventory and cycling[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2014,323:1-9.
[12]刘双江.大兴安岭火烧迹地粗木质残体的特征及其对土壤的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2016.
[13]LOMBARDI F,CHERUBINI P,TOGNETTI R,e t a l.Investigating biochemical processes to assess deadwood decay of beech and silver fir in Mediterranean mountain forests[J].Annals of Forest Science,2013,70:101-111.
[14]MARTINS D L,TED R J S,LUIZ?O F F J,et al.Soil-induced impacts on forest structure drive coarse woody debris stocks across central Amazonia[J].Plant Ecology&Diversity,2015,8(2):229-241.
[15]ENRIQUE D M,TIMOTHY T W.Localized effects of coarse woody material on soil oribatid communities diminish over700 years of stand development in black-spruce-feather moss forests[J].Forests,2015,6:914-928.
[16]袁杰,侯琳,蔡靖,等.秦岭火地塘林区倒木及其土壤化学元素含量特征[J].林业科学,2011,47(11):19-24.
[17]张修玉,管东生,张海东.广州三种森林粗死木质残体(CWD)的储量与分解特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(10):5227-5236.
[18]BANTLE A,BORKEN W,ELLERBROCK R H,et al.Quantity and quality of dissolved organic carbon released from coarse woody debris of different tree species in the early phase of decomposition[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2014,329:287-294.
[19]张利敏,王传宽.东北东部山区11种温带树种粗木质残体分解与碳氮释放[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(4):368-374.
[20]FUKASAWA Y,KATSUMATA S,AKIRA S,et al.Accumulation and decay dynamics of coarse woody debris in a Japanese oldgrowth subalpine coniferous forest[J].Ecological Research,2014,29:257-269.
[21]SOLLINS P.Input and decay of coarse woody debris in coniferous stand in western Oregon and Washington[J].Canadian Journal Forest Research,1982,12:18-28.
[22]吴春生,刘苑秋,魏晓华,等.中亚热带典型森林倒木生物量、碳储量及其分布格局[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(3):307-316.
[23]吕明和,周国逸,张德强,等.鼎湖山锥栗粗木质残体的分解和元素动态[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2006,14(2):107-111.
[24]刘瑞鹏,毛子军,李兴欢,等.模拟增温和不同凋落物基质质量对凋落物分解速率的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5661-5667.
[25]杨丽韫,代力民.长白山北坡苔藓红松暗针叶林倒木分解及其养分含量[J].生态学报,2002,22(2):185-189.
[26]常晨晖,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.高寒森林倒木在不同分解阶段的质量变化[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(1):14-22.
[27]周莉,李保国,周广胜.土壤有机碳的主导影响因子及其研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(1):99-105.
[28]张春华,王宗明,居为民,等.松嫩平原玉米带土壤碳氮比的时空变异特征[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1407-1414.
[29]李哲,董宁宁,侯琳,等.秦岭山地不同龄组锐齿栎林土壤和枯落物有机碳、全氮特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(12):127-132.
[30]周寅杰,王瑞辉,陈志钢,等.低山丘陵地区油茶林地土壤水分特性分析[J].经济林研究,2013,31(1):7-12.
[31]王忠诚,邓秀秀,崔卓卿,等.洞庭湖区主要森林类型土壤持水性能研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(5):79-84.